Glycogen metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)
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Description
Glycogen synthesis is, unlike its breakdown, endergonic. This means that glycogen synthesis requires the input of energy. Energy for glycogen synthesis comes from UTP, which reacts with glucose-1-phosphate, forming UDP-glucose, in reaction catalyzed by UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. Glycogen is synthesized from monomers of UDP-glucose by the enzyme glycogen synthase, which progressively lengthens the glycogen chain with (a1->4) bonded glucose. As glycogen synthase can only lengthen an existing chain, the protein glycogenin is needed to initiate the synthesis of glycogen. The glycogen-branching enzyme, amylo (a1->4) to (a1->6) transglycosylase, catalyzes the transfer of a terminal fragment of 6-7 glucose residues from a nonreducing end to the C-6 hydroxyl group of a glucose residue deeper into the interior of the glycogen molecule. The branching enzyme can act upon only a branch having at least 11 residues, and the enzyme may transfer to the same glucose chain or adjacent glucose chains.
Glycogen degradation consists of three steps: (1) the release of glucose 1-phosphate from glycogen, (2) the remodeling of the glycogen substrate to permit further degradation, and (3) the conversion of glucose 1-phosphate into glucose 6-phosphate for further metabolism.
Information partly derived from "Biochemistry" by Stryer and Wikipedia.Quality Tags
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DataNodes
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Name | Type | Database reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
ALPHA-D-GLUCOSE-1-PHOSPHATE | Metabolite | CHEBI:29042 (ChEBI) | |
ALPHA-D-GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE | Metabolite | CHEBI:17665 (ChEBI) | |
C06G1.5 | GeneProduct | 181721 (Entrez Gene) | |
C13G3.3 | GeneProduct | 179526 (Entrez Gene) | |
C14B9.8 | GeneProduct | 176149 (Entrez Gene) | |
CALM1 | GeneProduct | ||
CALM3 | GeneProduct | ||
GSK3A | GeneProduct | ||
GYS2 | GeneProduct | ||
Glycogen | Metabolite | CHEBI:28087 (ChEBI) | |
Glycolysis | Pathway | WP96 (WikiPathways) | |
K08E3.5 | GeneProduct | 176814 (Entrez Gene) | |
PHKA1 | GeneProduct | ||
PHKG1 | GeneProduct | ||
PPP2CA | GeneProduct | ||
PPP2R1B | GeneProduct | ||
PPP2R2B | GeneProduct | ||
PPP2R2C | GeneProduct | ||
PPP2R3A | GeneProduct | ||
PPP2R5A | GeneProduct | ||
PPP2R5B | GeneProduct | ||
PPP2R5C | GeneProduct | ||
PYGB | GeneProduct | ||
PYGL | GeneProduct | ||
R06A4.8 | GeneProduct | 175091 (Entrez Gene) | |
T04A8.7 | GeneProduct | 3565201 (Entrez Gene) | |
T22F3.3 | GeneProduct | 178777 (Entrez Gene) | |
UDP-glucose | Metabolite | CHEBI:18066 (ChEBI) | |
W08G11.4 | GeneProduct | 180100 (Entrez Gene) | |
Y50D7A.3 | GeneProduct | 190101 (Entrez Gene) | |
Y67D8A.1 | GeneProduct | 177094 (Entrez Gene) | |
Y71H2AM.20 | GeneProduct | 175395 (Entrez Gene) | |
cAMP | Metabolite | CHEBI:17489 (ChEBI) | |
calmodulin | GeneProduct | 178614 (Entrez Gene) | |
glucose | Metabolite | CHEBI:17234 (ChEBI) | |
glycogenin | GeneProduct | 180119 (Entrez Gene) | |
glycogenin | GeneProduct | 180644 (Entrez Gene) | |
gsk-3 | GeneProduct | 173149 (Entrez Gene) | |
gsy-1 | GeneProduct | 174924 (Entrez Gene) | |
let-92 | GeneProduct | 178117 (Entrez Gene) | |
paa-1 | GeneProduct | 175750 (Entrez Gene) | |
phosphoglucomutase | GeneProduct | 173843 (Entrez Gene) | |
sur-6 | GeneProduct | 172826 (Entrez Gene) |
Annotated Interactions
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