NAD+ metabolism (Homo sapiens)

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <Pathway xmlns="http://pathvisio.org/GPML/2013a" Name="NAD+ metabolism" Version="20160527" Organism="Homo sapiens"> <Comment Source="WikiPathways-description">NAD+ metabolism in different cellular compartments. The different precursors to intracellular NAD metabolism - tryptophan, nicotinic acid (NA), nicotinamide, NR, and NMN - are shown, along with their extra-cellular metabolism by CD38 and CD73. The cytoplasmic and nuclear NAD+ pools probably equilibrate by diffusion through the nuclear pore. However, the mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to both NAD+ and NADH. Reducing equivalents generated by glycolysis are transferred to the mitochondrial matrix via the malate/aspartate shuttle and the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate shuttle. The resulting mitochondrial NADH (malate/aspartate shuttle) is oxidized by complex I in the electron transport chain, whereas the resulting FADH2 (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate shuttle) is oxidized by complex II. In each of the three compartments, different NAD+-consuming enzymes lead to the generation of nicotinamide, which is recycled via the NAD+ salvage pathway. Different forms of the NMNAT enzyme and sirtuins are localized in different compartments. The nature of the salvage pathway for NAD+ in mitochondria has not been fully resolved, although NMNAT3 has been found in mitochondria. Proteins on this pathway have targeted assays available via the [https://assays.cancer.gov/available_assays?wp_id=WP3644 CPTAC Assay Portal]</Comment> <BiopaxRef>a7f</BiopaxRef> <Graphics BoardWidth="1390.0" BoardHeight="770.0" /> <DataNode TextLabel="CD73" GraphId="a3bc3" Type="GeneProduct"> <Graphics CenterX="1051.5511974227186" CenterY="77.22819403700314" Width="55.0" Height="23.0" ZOrder="32874" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Ensembl" ID="ENSG00000135318" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="PRPP" GraphId="f0cb9" Type="Metabolite"> <Graphics CenterX="779.0" CenterY="227.0" Width="40.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32875" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="RoundedRectangle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="HMDB" ID="HMDB0000280" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="dATP" GraphId="e6a6a" Type="Metabolite"> <Graphics CenterX="882.4509371554576" CenterY="214.40463065049607" Width="36.90187431091522" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32876" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" 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