Glutathione biosynthesis (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

From WikiPathways

You do not have permission to edit pages, for the following reasons:

• You do not have permission to edit pages in the Pathway namespace.
• You are not allowed to execute the action you have requested.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <Pathway xmlns="http://pathvisio.org/GPML/2013a" Name="Glutathione biosynthesis" Organism="Saccharomyces cerevisiae"> <Comment Source="GenMAPP remarks">Based on http://pathway.yeastgenome.org/biocyc/</Comment> <Comment Source="WikiPathways-category">Metabolic Process</Comment> <Comment Source="WikiPathways-description">The tripeptide glutathione (GSH: L-&amp;gamma;-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine) is a prevalent intracellular thiol that is able to act as a cellular redox buffer due to its low redox potential (as reviewed in (CITS: [12702279])). GSH is involved in many biological processes including: protein and DNA synthesis; amino acid transport; enzyme regulation; protection of cells against reactive oxygen compounds and free radicals, xenobiotics and heavy metals (as reviewed in (CITS: [12702279])). GSH can also be used as a source of sulfur and cysteine in (CITS: [1674526], [10514563]). GSH is synthesized from its constituent amino acids by two ATP-dependent steps (as reviewed in (CITS: [12702279])). In the first step &amp;gamma;-glutamylcysteine synthetase (Gsh1p) catalyzes the formation of the dipeptide &amp;gamma;-glutamylcysteine from glutamate and cysteine. In the second step, GSH synthetase (Gsh2p) catalyzes the ligation of glycine with &amp;gamma;-glutamylcysteine to form GSH. GSH is an essential reductant in yeast during normal metabolic processes (CITS: [8662189]), but the dipeptide &amp;gamma;-glutamylcysteine is able to substitute for GSH as an antioxidant (CITS: [9307967]). GSH biosynthesis is co-regulated by Met4p, a transcription factor that induces expression of genes involved in sulfur assimilation, by Yap1p, a stress-responsive transcription factor, and by GSH feedback inhibition, which inhibits both GSH1 expression and Gsh1p enzyme activity (CITS: [12406228], [14514673]). Expression of GSH1 and GSH2 is induced by oxidative stress in a Yap1p-dependent manner with subsequent increases in intracellular GSH content (CITS: [7915005], [10809786]). GSH1 is also transcriptionally up-regulated by the heavy metal cadmium in the presence of Met4p and the DNA-binding proteins Met31p and Met32p (CITS: [9044254], [10921921]). SOURCE: SGD pathways, http://pathway.yeastgenome.org/server.html</Comment> <BiopaxRef>s8c</BiopaxRef> <Graphics BoardWidth="992.4666666666667" BoardHeight="307.2672672672672"/> <DataNode TextLabel="GSH1" GraphId="b93" Type="GeneProduct"> <Attribute Key="org.pathvisio.model.BackpageHead" Value="GSH1"/> <Graphics CenterX="207.34734734734752" CenterY="102.34234234234233" Width="40.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle"/> <Xref Database="SGD" ID="S000003637"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="GHS2" GraphId="d3b" Type="GeneProduct"> <Attribute Key="org.pathvisio.model.BackpageHead" Value="GHS2"/> <Graphics CenterX="653.6636636636637" CenterY="103.72872872872871" Width="40.0" Height="20.770770770770753" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle"/> <Xref Database="SGD" ID="S000005409"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="L-glutamate" GraphId="a5b" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="cefe1"> <Graphics CenterX="59.009009009009" CenterY="96.66666666666667" Width="95.33333333333333" Height="19.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff"/> <Xref Database="CAS" ID="56-86-0"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="L-cysteine" GraphId="a15" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="cefe1"> <Graphics CenterX="59.009009009009" CenterY="115.66566566566567" Width="84.33333333333333" Height="19.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff"/> <Xref Database="CAS" ID="52-90-4"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="ATP" GraphId="ef4" Type="Metabolite"> <Graphics CenterX="153.33333333333334" CenterY="146.66666666666666" Width="37.333333333333336" Height="19.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff"/> <Xref Database="CAS" ID="1927-31-7"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="ADP" GraphId="ae3" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="f80d4"> <Graphics CenterX="261.0210210210213" CenterY="158.00800800800806" Width="39.333333333333336" Height="19.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff"/> <Xref Database="CAS" ID="58-64-0"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="phosphate" GraphId="cab" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="f80d4"> <Graphics CenterX="262.0220220220223" CenterY="176.67667667667675" Width="87.33333333333333" Height="19.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff"/> <Xref Database="CAS" ID="14265-44-2"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="ATP" GraphId="eae" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="a232d"> <Graphics CenterX="593.3333333333334" CenterY="150.0" Width="37.333333333333336" Height="19.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff"/> <Xref Database="CAS" ID="1927-31-7"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="L-glycine" GraphId="f2e" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="a232d"> <Graphics CenterX="593.3333333333334" CenterY="170.0" Width="75.33333333333333" Height="19.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff"/> <Xref Database="CAS" ID="56-40-6"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="phosphate" GraphId="a50" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="f1b81"> <Graphics CenterX="712.3323323323324" CenterY="153.0030030030029" Width="87.33333333333333" Height="19.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff"/> <Xref Database="CAS" ID="14265-44-2"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="ADP" GraphId="d14" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="f1b81"> <Graphics CenterX="712.3323323323324" CenterY="173.0030030030029" Width="39.333333333333336" Height="19.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff"/> <Xref Database="CAS" ID="58-64-0"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine" GraphId="ed276" Type="Metabolite"> <Graphics CenterX="411.39139139139195" CenterY="106.106106106106" Width="148.10810810810818" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff"/> <Xref Database="Chemspider" ID="110467"/> </DataNode> <Interaction GraphId="id2c301690"> <Graphics ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="114.67567567567566" Y="106.16616616616616" GraphRef="dbf99" RelX="1.0" RelY="0.0"/> <Point X="337.3373373373379" Y="106.106106106106" GraphRef="ed276" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow"/> <Anchor Position="0.33914592509530317" Shape="None" GraphId="f3039"/> <Anchor Position="0.5324561231026443" Shape="None"/> <Anchor Position="0.4" Shape="None" GraphId="a56b4"/> </Graphics> <Xref Database="" ID=""/> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="idd5478cbe"> <Graphics ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="485.445445445446" Y="106.106106106106" GraphRef="ed276" RelX="1.0" RelY="0.0"/> <Point X="796.6666666666666" Y="106.66666666666667" ArrowHead="Arrow"/> <Anchor Position="0.4295284295284293" Shape="None" GraphId="b5a83"/> <Anchor Position="0.6473286473286474" Shape="None" GraphId="b7750"/> <Anchor Position="0.5252285252285251" Shape="None" GraphId="d26fb"/> </Graphics> <Xref Database="" ID=""/> </Interaction> <Interaction> <Graphics ConnectorType="Curved" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="593.3333333333335" Y="132.5" GraphRef="a9983" RelX="0.0" RelY="-1.0"/> <Point X="604.0" Y="108.1081081081081"/> <Point X="619.1238078325168" Y="106.3468828033392" GraphRef="b5a83" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0"/> </Graphics> <Xref Database="" ID=""/> </Interaction> <Interaction> <Graphics ConnectorType="Curved" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="686.9078575985485" Y="106.46897301551952" GraphRef="b7750" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0"/> <Point X="701.0110110110111" Y="108.1081081081081"/> <Point X="712.3323323323325" Y="135.5030030030029" GraphRef="ec7a2" RelX="0.0" RelY="-1.0" ArrowHead="Arrow"/> </Graphics> <Xref Database="" ID=""/> </Interaction> <Interaction> <Graphics ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="653.6636636636637" Y="114.11411411411409" GraphRef="d3b" RelX="0.0" RelY="1.0"/> <Point X="648.9077084872883" Y="106.40052850263055" GraphRef="d26fb" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0"/> </Graphics> <Xref Database="" ID=""/> </Interaction> <Interaction> <Graphics ConnectorType="Curved" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="153.33333333333337" Y="137.16666666666666" GraphRef="ef4" RelX="0.0" RelY="-1.0"/> <Point X="171.76190211825542" Y="108.1081081081081"/> <Point X="190.1904709031775" Y="106.14579704153579" GraphRef="f3039" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0"/> </Graphics> <Xref Database="" ID=""/> </Interaction> <Interaction> <Graphics ConnectorType="Curved" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="233.233240807637" Y="106.13418681943321"/> <Point X="255.25525525525524" Y="108.12214846477166"/> <Point X="258.6386386386388" Y="110.1101101101101"/> <Point X="262.0220220220223" Y="140.50800800800806" GraphRef="a3f64" RelX="0.0" RelY="-1.0" ArrowHead="Arrow"/> </Graphics> <Xref Database="" ID=""/> </Interaction> <Interaction> <Graphics ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="197.34734734734752" Y="112.34234234234233" GraphRef="b93" RelX="-0.5" RelY="1.0"/> <Point X="203.74034034034054" Y="106.14214214214209" GraphRef="a56b4" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0"/> </Graphics> <Xref Database="" ID=""/> </Interaction> <Label TextLabel="reduced glutathione" GraphId="f12"> <Graphics CenterX="883.3" CenterY="106.7" Width="158.33333333333334" Height="19.0" ZOrder="28672" FillColor="ffffff" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="12" Valign="Middle"/> </Label> <Group GroupId="a232d" GraphId="a9983" Style="Group"/> <Group GroupId="f1b81" GraphId="ec7a2" Style="Group"/> <Group GroupId="cefe1" GraphId="dbf99" Style="Group"/> <Group GroupId="f80d4" GraphId="a3f64" Style="Group"/> <InfoBox CenterX="798.3333333333334" CenterY="175.0"/> <Biopax> <bp:PublicationXref xmlns:bp="http://www.biopax.org/release/biopax-level3.owl#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" rdf:id="s8c"> <bp:ID rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">11169096</bp:ID> <bp:DB rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">PubMed</bp:DB> <bp:TITLE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Role of the glutathione/glutaredoxin and thioredoxin systems in yeast growth and response to stress conditions.</bp:TITLE> <bp:SOURCE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Mol Microbiol</bp:SOURCE> <bp:YEAR rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">2001</bp:YEAR> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Grant CM</bp:AUTHORS> </bp:PublicationXref> <bp:openControlledVocabulary xmlns:bp="http://www.biopax.org/release/biopax-level3.owl#"> <bp:TERM xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">glutathione biosynthetic pathway</bp:TERM> <bp:ID xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">PW:0001277</bp:ID> <bp:Ontology xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Pathway Ontology</bp:Ontology> </bp:openControlledVocabulary> </Biopax> </Pathway>

• Template:AuthorInfo
• Template:CheckAvailable (protected)
• Template:Help:LiteratureReferences (protected)
• Template:PathwayPage:History
• Template:PathwayPage:Xrefs

Return to Glutathione biosynthesis (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).