Glucuronidation (Rattus norvegicus)

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <Pathway xmlns="http://genmapp.org/GPML/2008a" Name="Glucuronidation" Version="20090416" Author="GRAT - Maastricht University" Maintainer="Pieter Giesbertz" Last-Modified="12/9/2009" Organism="Rattus norvegicus"> <Comment Source="WikiPathways-description">Metabolism of xenobiotic compounds consists of phase I and a phase II biotransformation reactions, being compound modification and conjugation reactions respectively. In phase I biotransformation, the compound is modificated via oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, or other minor reactions, to reveal a reactive group to which a conjugation molecule can react to. In phase II, a small conjugation molecule reacts with the phase I modified molecule, producing a much more water-soluble molecule that can be excreted more easily. Glucuronidation is a phase II biotransformation reaction in which glucuronide acts as a conjugation molecule and binds to a substrate via the catalysis of glucuronosyltransferases. First, in a series of reactions the cosubstrate uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA) is formed. The glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) then catalyze the transfer of glucuronic acid from UDPGA to a substrate resulting in a glucuronidated substrate and leaving uridine 5'-diphosphate. UGTs are a very broad and divers group of enzymes and count as the most significant group of conjugation enzymes in xenobiotic metabolism, qualitatively because glucuronic acid can be coupled to a large diversity of functional groups and quantitatively because of the large and divers number of substrates that are formed.</Comment> <Comment Source="HomologyConvert">This pathway was inferred from Homo sapiens pathway [http://www.wikipathways.org/index.php?title=Pathway:WP698&amp;amp;oldid=30281 WP698(r30281)] with a 59% conversion rate.</Comment> <Comment Source="WikiPathways-category">Metabolic Process</Comment> <BiopaxRef>a14</BiopaxRef> <Graphics BoardWidth="24568.5" BoardHeight="7128.0" WindowWidth="18000.0" WindowHeight="12000.0"/> <DataNode TextLabel="NP_001102242.1" Type="GeneProduct" BackpageHead="NP_001102242.1" GraphId="b0426" GroupRef="a9a5a"> <Graphics Color="000000" CenterX="4815.0" CenterY="3765.0" Width="1200.0" Height="300.0" ZOrder="32768"/> <Xref Database="Ensembl Rat" 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