Phenylalanine degradation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <Pathway xmlns="http://pathvisio.org/GPML/2013a" Name="Phenylalanine Degradation" Organism="Saccharomyces cerevisiae"> <Comment Source="GenMAPP remarks">Based on http://pathway.yeastgenome.org/biocyc/</Comment> <Comment Source="WikiPathways-category">Metabolic Process</Comment> <Comment Source="WikiPathways-description">While Saccharomyces cerevisiae can use most amino acids as their sole nitrogen source, they can only use a few amino acids as a carbon source to support growth (CITS:[Large86][Cooper82]). This is in contrast to most eukaryotes and some fungi, which can metabolize amino acids completely, utilizing them as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen (CITS:[Stryer88][Large 86]). S. cerevisiae degrade the aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan) and the branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, and iso-leucine) via the Ehrlich pathway (CITS:[Sentheshanmuganathan60][10989420]). This pathway is comprised of the following steps: 1) deamination of the amino acid to the corresponding alpha-keto acid; 2) decarboxylation of the resulting alpha-keto acid to the respective aldehyde; and, 3) reduction of the aldehyde to form the corresponding long chain or complex alcohol, known as a fusel alcohol or fusel oil (CITS:[10989420][Large 86]). Fusel alcohols are important flavor and aroma compounds in yeast-fermented food products and beverages (as reported in (CITS:[9546164]). Aro10p appears to be the primary decarboxylase catalyzing the second step in phenylalanine degradation (CITS:[12902239][15933030]). Although Vulrahan et. al. (2003) (CITS:[12902239]) found that THI3 does not encode an active phenylpyruvate decarboxylase, they found Thi3p was required in conjunction with one of the pyruvate decarboxylases Pdc1p, Pdc5p or Pdc6p for the ARO10-independent decarboxylase activity. The main uptake systems for utilizing aromatic amino acids appear to be Gap1p, a general amino acid permease, and Wap1p, an inducible amino acid permease with wide substrate specificity (CITS:[10207060]) SOURCE: SGD pathways, http://pathway.yeastgenome.org/server.html</Comment> <BiopaxRef>n0t</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>zkm</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>ln9</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>z1c</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>jxi</BiopaxRef> <Graphics BoardWidth="832.0" BoardHeight="507.6666666666667" /> <DataNode TextLabel="PDC1" GraphId="a5f" Type="GeneProduct"> <Attribute Key="org.pathvisio.model.BackpageHead" Value="PDC1" /> <Graphics CenterX="503.3333333333333" CenterY="83.33333333333333" Width="46.666666666666664" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="SGD" ID="S000004034" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="PDC5" GraphId="b9c" Type="GeneProduct"> <Attribute Key="org.pathvisio.model.BackpageHead" Value="PDC5" /> <Graphics CenterX="503.3333333333333" 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Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="SGD" ID="S000001179" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="L-glutamate" GraphId="fe9" Type="Metabolite"> <Graphics CenterX="270.0" CenterY="173.33333333333334" Width="95.33333333333333" Height="19.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="CAS" ID="56-86-0" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="L-phenylalanine" GraphId="b5b" Type="Metabolite"> <Graphics CenterX="66.66666666666667" CenterY="136.66666666666666" Width="127.33333333333333" Height="19.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="CAS" ID="63-91-2" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="phenylacetaldehyde" GraphId="e87" Type="Metabolite"> <Graphics CenterX="670.6666666666666" CenterY="136.66666666666666" Width="140.66666666666674" Height="19.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="CAS" ID="122-78-1" /> </DataNode> <DataNode 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rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Mol Gen Genet</bp:SOURCE> <bp:YEAR rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">1998</bp:YEAR> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Urrestarazu A</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Vissers S</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Iraqui I</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Grenson M</bp:AUTHORS> </bp:PublicationXref> <bp:PublicationXref xmlns:bp="http://www.biopax.org/release/biopax-level3.owl#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" rdf:id="n0t"> <bp:ID rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">12499363</bp:ID> <bp:DB rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">PubMed</bp:DB> <bp:TITLE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">The catabolism of amino acids to long chain and complex alcohols in Saccharomyces 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