Abacavir transport and metabolism (Homo sapiens)

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <Pathway xmlns="http://pathvisio.org/GPML/2013a" Name="Abacavir transport and metabolism" Data-Source="Reactome - http://www.reactome.org" Version="48" Author="D'Eustachio, P" Maintainer="D'Eustachio, P" Email="deustp01@nyumc.org" Organism="Homo sapiens"> <Comment Source="WikiPathways-description">Abacavir is a nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor with antiretroviral activity, widely used in combination with other drugs to treat HIV-1 infection (Yuen et al. 2008). Its uptake across the plasma membrane is mediated by organic cation transporters SLC22A1, 2, and 3; the transport proteins ABCB1 and ABCG2 mediate its efflux. Abacavir itself is a prodrug. Activation requires phosphorylation by a cytosolic adenosine phosphotransferase and deamination by ADAL deaminase to yield carbovir monophosphate. Cytosolic nucleotide kinases convert carbovir monophosphate to carbovir triphosphate, the active HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Abacavir can be glucuronidated or oxidized to a 5'-carboxylate; these are the major forms in which it is excreted from the body.Original Pathway at Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#DB=gk_current&amp;FOCUS_SPECIES_ID=48887&amp;FOCUS_PATHWAY_ID=2161522</Comment> <BiopaxRef>b17</BiopaxRef> <Attribute Key="reactome_id" Value="2161522" /> <Graphics BoardWidth="1033.0" BoardHeight="998.0" /> <DataNode TextLabel="abacavir" GraphId="ca32a" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="reactome_id" Value="2161525" /> <Graphics CenterX="42.5" CenterY="285.0" Width="59.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:421707" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="abacavir" GraphId="ce6eb" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="reactome_id" Value="2161185" /> <Graphics CenterX="328.5" CenterY="284.0" Width="59.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:421707" /> 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<Graphics CenterX="216.5" CenterY="323.0" Width="27.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:18367" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="ADP" GraphId="b1852" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="reactome_id" Value="29370" /> <Graphics CenterX="167.5" CenterY="310.0" Width="41.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:16761" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="ABCG2 dimer" GraphId="a708d" Type="Complex"> <BiopaxRef>dc2</BiopaxRef> <Attribute Key="reactome_id" Value="917863" /> <Graphics CenterX="130.5" CenterY="430.0" Width="65.0" Height="34.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_26835" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="HC-ABCG2 [plasma&#xA;membrane]" GraphId="cc558" Type="Protein" GroupRef="ceb30"> <Attribute Key="reactome_id" Value="917929" /> <Graphics CenterX="100.0" CenterY="748.0" Width="100.0" 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ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:15422" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="ADP" GraphId="ed04e" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="reactome_id" Value="29370" /> <Graphics CenterX="950.5" CenterY="556.0" Width="39.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:16761" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="carbovir diphosphate" GraphId="bacde" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="reactome_id" Value="2162075" /> <Graphics CenterX="907.5" CenterY="599.0" Width="109.0" Height="40.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:64172" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="GUK1" GraphId="dd692" Type="Protein"> <Attribute Key="reactome_id" Value="58048" /> <Graphics CenterX="850.0" CenterY="513.5" Width="46.0" Height="21.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="Q16774" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="ATP" GraphId="a1517" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="reactome_id" Value="113592" /> <Graphics CenterX="848.0" CenterY="640.0" Width="38.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:15422" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="ADP" GraphId="fed54" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="reactome_id" Value="29370" /> <Graphics CenterX="726.5" CenterY="640.0" Width="39.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:16761" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="carbovir&#xA;triphosphate" GraphId="fb887" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="reactome_id" Value="2162091" /> <Graphics CenterX="633.0" CenterY="599.5" Width="100.0" Height="41.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:64174" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="PCK1" GraphId="c48c6" Type="Protein"> <Attribute Key="reactome_id" Value="70495" /> <Graphics CenterX="780.5" CenterY="556.5" Width="43.0" Height="21.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="P35558" /> </DataNode> <Interaction GraphId="f7951"> <Comment Source="Reactome">Organic cation transporters 1 (OCT1, SLC22A1), 2 (OCT2, SLC22A2) and 3 (OCT3, SLC22A3) associated with the plasma membrane all mediate the influx of abacavir. 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The active form of ABCG2 is a homodimer stabilized by an interchain disulfide bond (Wakabayashi et al. 2007). The abacavir specificity of the human ABCG2 transporter is inferred from studies of the corresponding mouse protein (Pan et al. 2007).</Comment> <BiopaxRef>e27</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>e07</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>dc2</BiopaxRef> <Attribute Key="reactome_id" Value="2161506" /> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="233.0" Y="377.0" /> <Point X="106.0" Y="378.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="ca1b6" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="aab08" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="ba786" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_121056" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="dbea8"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="246.0" Y="427.0" GraphRef="d1b75" RelX="-0.023255813953488372" RelY="-1.0" /> <Point X="233.0" Y="377.0" GraphRef="ca1b6" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_121056" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="ea6bb"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="299.0" Y="284.0" GraphRef="ce6eb" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="233.0" Y="377.0" GraphRef="ca1b6" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_121056" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="bb48d"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="269.0" Y="416.0" GraphRef="bd7db" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="233.0" Y="377.0" GraphRef="ca1b6" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_121056" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="cbbc2"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="106.0" Y="378.0" GraphRef="aab08" RelX="-1.2700000000000102" RelY="0.009999999999990905" /> <Point X="203.0" Y="323.0" GraphRef="d25ad" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_121056" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d8b7d"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="106.0" Y="378.0" GraphRef="aab08" RelX="-1.2700000000000102" RelY="0.009999999999990905" /> <Point X="71.0" Y="285.0" GraphRef="ca32a" RelX="0.9661016949152542" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_121056" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="a2306"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="106.0" Y="378.0" GraphRef="aab08" RelX="-1.2700000000000102" RelY="0.009999999999990905" /> <Point X="147.0" Y="310.0" GraphRef="b1852" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_121056" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="a9202"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="162.0" Y="430.0" GraphRef="a708d" RelX="0.9692307692307692" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="129.0" Y="378.0" GraphRef="ba786" RelX="-40.5" RelY="0.5" ArrowHead="mim-catalysis" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_121056" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="c2be3"> <Comment Source="Reactome">The ABCB1 transporter associated with the plasma membrane mediates the ATP-dependent efflux of a variety of xenobiotic molecules. Its ability to transport abacavir is inferred from studies of the corresponding mouse protein (Shaik et al. 2007).</Comment> <BiopaxRef>ae1</BiopaxRef> <Attribute Key="reactome_id" Value="2161538" /> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="243.0" Y="395.0" /> <Point X="86.0" Y="395.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="d56e7" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="f467c" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="ff044" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_120947" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="c44eb"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="299.0" Y="284.0" GraphRef="ce6eb" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="243.0" Y="395.0" GraphRef="d56e7" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_120947" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="cdeba"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="246.0" Y="427.0" GraphRef="d1b75" RelX="-0.023255813953488372" RelY="-1.0" /> <Point X="243.0" Y="395.0" GraphRef="d56e7" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_120947" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d7318"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="269.0" Y="416.0" GraphRef="bd7db" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="243.0" Y="395.0" GraphRef="d56e7" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_120947" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="afccd"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="86.0" Y="395.0" GraphRef="f467c" RelX="-1.5699999999999932" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="203.0" Y="323.0" GraphRef="d25ad" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_120947" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="be3c6"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="86.0" Y="395.0" GraphRef="f467c" RelX="-1.5699999999999932" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="42.0" Y="300.0" GraphRef="ca32a" RelX="-0.01694915254237288" RelY="1.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_120947" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="bb4e6"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="86.0" Y="395.0" GraphRef="f467c" RelX="-1.5699999999999932" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="147.0" Y="310.0" GraphRef="b1852" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_120947" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="be9d8"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="154.0" Y="469.0" GraphRef="e2137" RelX="0.9574468085106383" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="135.0" Y="395.0" GraphRef="ff044" RelX="-29.5" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="mim-catalysis" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_120947" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="deef9"> <Comment Source="Reactome">A member of the UDPGT (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase) enzyme family is thought to catalyze the reaction of abacavir and UDP-glucuronate to form UDP and abacavir-5'-glucuronate, one of the major forms in which abacavir is excreted from the body (McDowell et al. 1999; Ravitch and Moseley 2001). The specific UDPGT family enzyme family member or members that catalyze this reaction have not been identified.</Comment> <BiopaxRef>a5b</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>ad2</BiopaxRef> <Attribute Key="reactome_id" Value="2162099" /> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="327.0" Y="202.0" /> <Point X="328.0" Y="126.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="c8977" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="c83c2" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="ec8a8" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_120923" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="c6323"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="291.0" Y="231.0" GraphRef="f016f" RelX="0.9701492537313433" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="327.0" Y="202.0" GraphRef="c8977" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_120923" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="c37f8"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="328.0" Y="269.0" GraphRef="ce6eb" RelX="-0.01694915254237288" RelY="-1.0" /> <Point X="327.0" Y="202.0" GraphRef="c8977" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_120923" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="c50e6"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="328.0" Y="126.0" GraphRef="c83c2" RelX="0.009999999999990905" RelY="-0.7600000000000051" /> <Point X="268.0" Y="106.0" GraphRef="c37f3" RelX="0.9512195121951219" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_120923" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="c4ff3"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="328.0" Y="126.0" GraphRef="c83c2" RelX="0.009999999999990905" RelY="-0.7600000000000051" /> <Point X="328.0" Y="89.0" GraphRef="e6498" RelX="-0.011235955056179775" RelY="1.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_120923" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="ee3d7"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="366.0" Y="156.0" GraphRef="f10e2" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="328.0" Y="156.0" GraphRef="ec8a8" RelX="0.5" RelY="-8.0" ArrowHead="mim-catalysis" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_120923" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="b8e72"> <Comment Source="Reactome">Cytosolic ADH alpha dimer catalyzes the reaction of abacavir and NAD to form abacavir 5'-carboxylate and NADH + H+. Abacavir 5'-carboxylate is one of the major forms in which abacavir is excreted from the body. Studies with purified enzymes in vitro indicate that only the alpha isoform of ADH has this activity. These studies also suggest that the reaction proceeds in two steps via an unstable aldehyde intermediate (Walsh et al. 2002). Whether conversion of the aldehyde to the carboxylate is spontaneous or also catalyzed by ADH has not been established.</Comment> <BiopaxRef>fcb</BiopaxRef> <Attribute Key="reactome_id" Value="2162078" /> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="432.0" Y="284.0" /> <Point X="554.0" Y="285.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="d3dcd" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="aec46" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="fd0ec" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_121302" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="c219c"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="404.0" Y="238.0" GraphRef="f2632" RelX="0.9622641509433962" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="432.0" Y="284.0" GraphRef="d3dcd" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_121302" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d09da"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="357.0" Y="284.0" GraphRef="ce6eb" RelX="0.9661016949152542" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="432.0" Y="284.0" GraphRef="d3dcd" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_121302" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="ee66d"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="554.0" Y="285.0" GraphRef="aec46" RelX="1.2200000000000273" RelY="0.009999999999990905" /> <Point X="580.0" Y="227.0" GraphRef="ec2a2" RelX="-0.02857142857142857" RelY="1.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_121302" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="a3a92"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="554.0" Y="285.0" GraphRef="aec46" RelX="1.2200000000000273" RelY="0.009999999999990905" /> <Point X="604.0" Y="238.0" GraphRef="ac165" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_121302" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="a096c"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="554.0" Y="285.0" GraphRef="aec46" RelX="1.2200000000000273" RelY="0.009999999999990905" /> <Point X="626.0" Y="285.0" GraphRef="f3ed5" RelX="-1.0" RelY="-0.023255813953488372" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_121302" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="a0ad6"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="468.0" Y="245.0" GraphRef="d2a3e" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.9487179487179487" /> <Point X="467.0" Y="284.0" GraphRef="fd0ec" RelX="-26.0" RelY="-0.5" ArrowHead="mim-catalysis" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_121302" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="be570"> <Comment Source="Reactome">Cytosolic adenosine phosphotransferase catalyzes the reaction of abacavir and AMP to form abacavir monophosphate and adenosine (Faletto et al. 1997). This enzymatic activity has been purified from human placenta and is distinct from known human kinases (Garvey and Krenitsky 1992) but has not been associated with a known human gene.</Comment> <BiopaxRef>b0a</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>b8a</BiopaxRef> <Attribute Key="reactome_id" Value="2161193" /> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="408.0" Y="381.0" /> <Point X="515.0" Y="381.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="fa10c" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="f8749" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="cd719" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_120830" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="cc7b9"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="386.0" Y="417.0" GraphRef="dac6a" RelX="1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="408.0" Y="381.0" GraphRef="fa10c" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_120830" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="bafd0"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="357.0" Y="284.0" GraphRef="ce6eb" RelX="0.9661016949152542" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="408.0" Y="381.0" GraphRef="fa10c" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_120830" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d493e"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="515.0" Y="381.0" GraphRef="f8749" RelX="1.07000000000005" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="552.0" Y="417.0" GraphRef="f33dc" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_120830" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="e7237"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="515.0" Y="381.0" GraphRef="f8749" RelX="1.07000000000005" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="570.0" Y="359.0" GraphRef="b86f4" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_120830" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="a91b0"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="409.0" Y="335.0" GraphRef="bb994" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="473.0" Y="381.0" GraphRef="cd719" RelX="11.5" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="mim-catalysis" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_120830" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d9f73"> <Comment Source="Reactome">Cytosolic ADAL (Adenosine DeAminase-Like) catalyzes the reaction of abacavir monophosphate and water to form carbovir monophosphate and cyclopropylamine. The active form of the enzyme is a protein monomer complexed with a zinc ion (Murakami et al. 2011).</Comment> <BiopaxRef>d7e</BiopaxRef> <Attribute Key="reactome_id" Value="2161195" /> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="722.0" Y="416.0" /> <Point X="805.0" Y="416.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="cc5e8" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="e9e29" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="eb2c9" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_121193" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="c834b"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="666.0" Y="417.0" GraphRef="f33dc" RelX="1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="722.0" Y="416.0" GraphRef="cc5e8" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_121193" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="c39c9"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="693.0" Y="388.0" GraphRef="deaa4" RelX="-0.024390243902439025" RelY="1.0" /> <Point X="722.0" Y="416.0" GraphRef="cc5e8" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_121193" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d9ca9"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="805.0" Y="416.0" GraphRef="e9e29" RelX="0.8300000000000409" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="820.0" Y="388.0" GraphRef="c7600" RelX="-0.009174311926605505" RelY="1.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_121193" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="ac71b"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="805.0" Y="416.0" GraphRef="e9e29" RelX="0.8300000000000409" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="855.0" Y="415.0" GraphRef="af89c" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_121193" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="afeae"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="731.0" Y="464.0" GraphRef="fa910" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="761.0" Y="416.0" GraphRef="eb2c9" RelX="-2.5" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="mim-catalysis" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="REACT_121193" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d89cb"> <Comment Source="Reactome">NT5C2 catalyzes the reaction of carbovir and IMP to form carbovir monophosphate and inosine (Johnson and Fridland 1989; Miller et al. 1992). The enzyme was originally identified as a high-Km soluble 5'-nucleotidase most active on IMP and GMP (Spychala et al. 1988). 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rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">17686774</bp:ID> <bp:DB rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">PubMed</bp:DB> <bp:TITLE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Intramolecular disulfide bond is a critical check point determining degradative fates of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCG2 protein.</bp:TITLE> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Wakabayashi K, Nakagawa H, Tamura A, Koshiba S, Hoshijima K, Komada M, Ishikawa T.</bp:AUTHORS> </bp:PublicationXref> <bp:PublicationXref xmlns:bp="http://www.biopax.org/release/biopax-level3.owl#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" rdf:id="caa"> <bp:ID rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">17405878</bp:ID> <bp:DB rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">PubMed</bp:DB> <bp:TITLE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Crystal structure of human cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase II: insights into allosteric regulation and substrate recognition.</bp:TITLE> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Walldén K, Stenmark P, Nyman T, Flodin S, Gräslund S, Loppnau P, Bianchi V, Nordlund P.</bp:AUTHORS> </bp:PublicationXref> <bp:PublicationXref xmlns:bp="http://www.biopax.org/release/biopax-level3.owl#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" rdf:id="d7e"> <bp:ID rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">21755941</bp:ID> <bp:DB rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">PubMed</bp:DB> <bp:TITLE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Adenosine deaminase-like protein 1 (ADAL1): characterization and substrate specificity in the hydrolysis of N(6)- or O(6)-substituted purine or 2-aminopurine nucleoside monophosphates.</bp:TITLE> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Murakami E, Bao H, Mosley RT, Du J, Sofia MJ, Furman PA.</bp:AUTHORS> </bp:PublicationXref> <bp:PublicationXref xmlns:bp="http://www.biopax.org/release/biopax-level3.owl#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" rdf:id="f0c"> <bp:ID rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">1383219</bp:ID> <bp:DB rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">PubMed</bp:DB> <bp:TITLE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Phosphorylation of carbovir enantiomers by cellular enzymes determines the stereoselectivity of antiviral activity.</bp:TITLE> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Miller WH, Daluge SM, Garvey EP, Hopkins S, Reardon JE, Boyd FL, Miller RL.</bp:AUTHORS> </bp:PublicationXref> <bp:PublicationXref xmlns:bp="http://www.biopax.org/release/biopax-level3.owl#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" rdf:id="f1d"> <bp:ID rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">9982</bp:ID> <bp:DB rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">PubMed</bp:DB> <bp:TITLE 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