AgingTemplate (Caenorhabditis elegans)

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <Pathway xmlns="http://pathvisio.org/GPML/2013a" Name="AgingTemplate" Author="kyook@caltech.edu" Organism="Caenorhabditis elegans" Last-Modified="10/17/2013"> <Comment Source="WikiPathways-category">Physiological Process</Comment> <Comment Source="WikiPathways-description">Aging in C. elegans involves measurable declines in morphology, reproduction, and behavior. Understanding the cellular and molecular processes leading to senescence in this nematode began in the early 1980s with the targeted identification of mutants that extended life span (an AGE phenotype). These studies identified at least two key regulators of life span, DAF-2, an insulin/IGF receptor ortholog, and DAF-16, a Forkhead-related transcription factor. Since then many more genes and pathways involved in senescence have been identified. Almost all of these genes play important roles in cellular and organismal-level processes other than aging, such as dauer formation, stress response, feeding, and chemosensation. </Comment> <Graphics BoardWidth="956.0" BoardHeight="692.2627535473005"/> <DataNode TextLabel="DAF-18/PTEN" GraphId="f4b20" Type="GeneProduct"> <Comment>daf-18 functions upstream to akt-1 and akt-2</Comment> <Comment>daf-18 acts downstream of age-1</Comment> <Graphics CenterX="71.12831381773924" CenterY="118.70518740210665" Width="80.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FillColor="009900" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Oval" Color="ffffff"/> <Xref Database="WormBase" ID="T07A9.6"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="AGE-1/PI3K" GraphId="c95c0" Type="GeneProduct"> <Comment>age-1 encodes a homologue of mammalian phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase catalytic subunit.</Comment> <Graphics CenterX="71.12831381773927" CenterY="83.21860670451686" Width="80.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FillColor="ff6666" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Oval" Color="ffffff"/> <Xref Database="WormBase" ID="B0334.8"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="14-3-3" GraphId="e9b6a" Type="GeneProduct" GroupRef="ce35a"> <Graphics CenterX="71.12831381773924" CenterY="519.5553784481729" Width="80.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle"/> <Xref Database="" ID=""/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="DAF-2/InR" GraphId="ee0b6" Type="GeneProduct"> <Comment>insulin/IGF-1 pathway can diverge to regulate the timing of reproduction independently of longevity (Dillin et al., 2002a).</Comment> <Graphics CenterX="71.12831381773924" CenterY="52.26151995843924" Width="80.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32769" FillColor="ff6666" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Oval" Color="ffffff"/> <Xref Database="WormBase" ID="Y55D5A.5"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="PDK-1/PKD1" GraphId="fd8e3" Type="GeneProduct"> <Comment/> <Graphics CenterX="71.12831381773924" CenterY="152.27162096854022" Width="80.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32772" FillColor="ff6666" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Oval" Color="ffffff"/> <Xref Database="WormBase" ID="H42K12.1"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="AKT-1/Akt/PKB" GraphId="be992" Type="GeneProduct" GroupRef="cffec"> <Comment/> <Graphics CenterX="71.12831381773924" CenterY="187.98490768182697" Width="80.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32773" FillColor="ff6666" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Oval" Color="ffffff"/> <Xref Database="WormBase" ID="C12D8.10"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="AKT-2/Akt/PKB" GraphId="a64c1" Type="GeneProduct" GroupRef="cffec"> <Comment/> <Graphics CenterX="71.12831381773927" CenterY="229.0688237657436" Width="80.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32774" FillColor="ff6666" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Oval" Color="ffffff"/> <Xref Database="WormBase" ID="F28H6.1"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="JNK-1" GraphId="e2e8a" Type="GeneProduct"> <Comment>DAF-16 binds to JNK-1.</Comment> <Comment>JNK-1 binds and phosphorylates DAF-16.</Comment> <Graphics CenterX="69.12831381773924" CenterY="342.69120138812076" Width="80.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32777" FillColor="009900" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Oval" Color="ffffff"/> <Xref Database="WormBase" ID="B0478.1"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="JKK-1" GraphId="fe08c" Type="GeneProduct"> <Graphics CenterX="71.12831381773927" CenterY="306.6772153741349" Width="80.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32780" FillColor="009900" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Oval" Color="ffffff"/> <Xref Database="WormBase" ID="F35C8.3"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="PRMT-1" GraphId="c1060" Type="GeneProduct"> <Comment/> <Graphics CenterX="71.12831381773924" CenterY="467.76812446504397" Width="80.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32783" FillColor="009900" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Oval" Color="ffffff"/> <Xref Database="WormBase" ID="Y113G7B.17"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="DAF-16/FOXO" GraphId="dd9c0" Type="GeneProduct"> <Comment>DAF-16 bound directly to PRMT-1 in in vitro pulldown assays , HA-PRMT-1 was coimmunoprecipitated with FLAG-DAF-16 only when the both proteins were coexpressed.</Comment> <Comment/> <Graphics CenterX="71.12831381773924" CenterY="422.26462796154743" Width="80.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32784" FillColor="339900" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="RoundedRectangle" Color="ffffff"/> <Xref Database="WormBase" ID="R13H8.1"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="RLE-1" GraphId="d0ba6" Type="GeneProduct"> <Comment>age-1 encodes a homologue of mammalian phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase catalytic subunit.</Comment> <Comment>RLE-1 physically interacts with DAF-16. RLE-1 C terminus is required for the interaction of RLE-1 with DAF-16.</Comment> <Graphics CenterX="71.12831381773924" CenterY="652.2627535473005" Width="80.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32786" FillColor="ff6666" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Oval" Color="ffffff"/> <Xref Database="WormBase" ID="M142.6"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="SMK-1" GraphId="d1f62" Type="GeneProduct"> <Comment>SMK-1 was temporally and spatially colocalized with active DAF-16.</Comment> <Comment>smk-1 RNAi does not cause a general sickness in long-lived animals but rather specifically affects IIS-regulated life span.</Comment> <Comment>DAF-16 and SMK-1 do not directly or indirectly regulate expression or localization of one another.</Comment> <Comment>SMK-1 specifies the longevity function of DAF-16 by affecting the efficiency of transcription of DAF-16 target genes involved in oxidative and UV stress response and innate immunity but is not required for DAF-16 regulation of heat-stress-response genes.</Comment> <Graphics CenterX="71.12831381773924" CenterY="573.3531579882208" Width="80.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32787" FillColor="009900" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Oval" Color="ffffff"/> <Xref Database="WormBase" ID="F41E6.4"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="SGK-1" GraphId="a9aac" Type="GeneProduct"> <Comment>DAF-16 is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm as a result of inhibitory phosphorylation of Ser/Thr residues by the AKT and SGK kinases.</Comment> <Graphics CenterX="71.12831381773924" CenterY="267.4044881014077" Width="80.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32788" FillColor="ff6666" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Oval" Color="ffffff"/> <Xref Database="WormBase" ID="W10G6.2"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="daf-15" GraphId="ec6ad" Type="GeneProduct"> <Comment>Reduced smk-1 resulted in increased expression of daf-15 mRNA, suggesting that SMK-1 is required for the transcriptional repressor activity of DAF-16</Comment> <Graphics CenterX="71.12831381773927" CenterY="613.3555370524557" Width="80.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32789" FillColor="330033" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="ffffff"/> <Xref Database="WormBase" ID="C10C5.6"/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="" GraphId="cf05a"> <Graphics CenterX="734.0" CenterY="246.0" Width="80.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32793" FillColor="009900" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Oval" Color="ffffff"/> <Xref Database="" ID=""/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="" GraphId="d2a0d"> <Graphics CenterX="734.0" CenterY="279.0" Width="80.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32794" FillColor="ff6666" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Oval" Color="ffffff"/> <Xref Database="" ID=""/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="DAF-16/FOXO" GraphId="d29ee" Type="GeneProduct"> <Comment>PRMT-1 specifically methylates the C terminus of the forkhead domain (FH-C) in DAF-16 blocking binding to 14-3-3 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<Comment>JNK-1 binds and phosphorylates DAF-16</Comment> <Graphics RelX="-0.9666083916083927" RelY="1.0" Width="15.0" Height="15.0" FillColor="ffcc33" ShapeType="Oval"/> <Xref Database="" ID=""/> </State> <GraphicalLine GraphId="id46e7850b"> <Graphics ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="695.0" Y="56.0"/> <Point X="734.0" Y="56.0" GraphRef="a402b" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="TBar"/> </Graphics> </GraphicalLine> <GraphicalLine GraphId="idf58a05a0"> <Graphics ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="698.0" Y="78.0"/> <Point X="733.0" Y="78.0" GraphRef="a3eae" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="mim-modification"/> </Graphics> </GraphicalLine> <GraphicalLine GraphId="id4e08827c"> <Graphics ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="2.0" Color="339900"> <Point X="697.0" Y="96.0"/> <Point X="732.0" Y="96.0" GraphRef="a61ad" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0"/> </Graphics> </GraphicalLine> <GraphicalLine GraphId="id6d9a0d1e"> <Graphics ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="697.0" 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FillColor="0066ff" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Oval" Rotation="0.0"/> </Shape> <Group GroupId="cffec" GraphId="a59bc" Style="Group"/> <Group GroupId="ce35a" GraphId="a3e69"/> <InfoBox CenterX="0.0" CenterY="0.0"/> <Biopax> <bp:openControlledVocabulary xmlns:bp="http://www.biopax.org/release/biopax-level3.owl#"> <bp:TERM xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">insulin signaling pathway</bp:TERM> <bp:ID xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">PW:0000143</bp:ID> <bp:Ontology xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Pathway Ontology</bp:Ontology> </bp:openControlledVocabulary> <bp:PublicationXref xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bp="http://www.biopax.org/release/biopax-level3.owl#" rdf:id="ed9"> <bp:ID rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">21531333</bp:ID> <bp:DB rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">PubMed</bp:DB> <bp:TITLE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Asymmetric arginine dimethylation determines life span in C. elegans by regulating forkhead transcription factor DAF-16.</bp:TITLE> <bp:SOURCE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Cell Metab</bp:SOURCE> <bp:YEAR rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">2011</bp:YEAR> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Takahashi Y</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Daitoku H</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Hirota K</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Tamiya H</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Yokoyama A</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Kako K</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Nagashima Y</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Nakamura A</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Shimada T</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Watanabe S</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Yamagata K</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Yasuda K</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Ishii N</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Fukamizu A</bp:AUTHORS> </bp:PublicationXref> <bp:PublicationXref xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bp="http://www.biopax.org/release/biopax-level3.owl#" rdf:id="a81"> <bp:ID rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">9716402</bp:ID> <bp:DB rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">PubMed</bp:DB> <bp:TITLE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Caenorhabditis elegans Akt/PKB transduces insulin receptor-like signals from AGE-1 PI3 kinase to the DAF-16 transcription factor.</bp:TITLE> <bp:SOURCE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Genes Dev</bp:SOURCE> <bp:YEAR rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">1998</bp:YEAR> <bp:ID rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">9716402</bp:ID> <bp:DB rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">PubMed</bp:DB> <bp:TITLE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Caenorhabditis elegans Akt/PKB transduces insulin receptor-like signals from AGE-1 PI3 kinase to the DAF-16 transcription factor.</bp:TITLE> <bp:SOURCE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Genes Dev</bp:SOURCE> <bp:YEAR rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">1998</bp:YEAR> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Paradis S</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Ruvkun G</bp:AUTHORS> </bp:PublicationXref> <bp:PublicationXref xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bp="http://www.biopax.org/release/biopax-level3.owl#" rdf:id="a47"> <bp:ID rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">9353126</bp:ID> <bp:DB rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">PubMed</bp:DB> <bp:TITLE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">The Fork head transcription factor DAF-16 transduces insulin-like metabolic and longevity signals in C. elegans.</bp:TITLE> <bp:SOURCE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Nature</bp:SOURCE> <bp:YEAR rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">1997</bp:YEAR> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Ogg S</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Paradis S</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Gottlieb S</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Patterson GI</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Lee L</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Tissenbaum HA</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Ruvkun G</bp:AUTHORS> </bp:PublicationXref> <bp:PublicationXref xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bp="http://www.biopax.org/release/biopax-level3.owl#" rdf:id="b69"> <bp:ID rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">9360933</bp:ID> <bp:DB rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">PubMed</bp:DB> <bp:TITLE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">daf-16: An HNF-3/forkhead family member that can function to double the life-span of Caenorhabditis elegans.</bp:TITLE> <bp:SOURCE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Science</bp:SOURCE> <bp:YEAR rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">1997</bp:YEAR> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Lin K</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Dorman JB</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Rodan A</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Kenyon C</bp:AUTHORS> </bp:PublicationXref> <bp:PublicationXref xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bp="http://www.biopax.org/release/biopax-level3.owl#" rdf:id="ee4"> <bp:ID rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">17276341</bp:ID> <bp:DB rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">PubMed</bp:DB> <bp:TITLE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">RLE-1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, regulates C. elegans aging by catalyzing DAF-16 polyubiquitination.</bp:TITLE> <bp:SOURCE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Dev Cell</bp:SOURCE> <bp:YEAR rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">2007</bp:YEAR> <bp:ID rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">17276341</bp:ID> <bp:DB rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">PubMed</bp:DB> <bp:TITLE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">RLE-1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, regulates C. elegans aging by catalyzing DAF-16 polyubiquitination.</bp:TITLE> <bp:SOURCE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Dev Cell</bp:SOURCE> <bp:YEAR rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">2007</bp:YEAR> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Li W</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Gao B</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Lee SM</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Bennett K</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Fang D</bp:AUTHORS> </bp:PublicationXref> <bp:PublicationXref xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:bp="http://www.biopax.org/release/biopax-level3.owl#" rdf:id="f8b"> <bp:ID rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">15767565</bp:ID> <bp:DB rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">PubMed</bp:DB> <bp:TITLE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">JNK regulates lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans by modulating nuclear translocation of forkhead transcription factor/DAF-16.</bp:TITLE> <bp:SOURCE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</bp:SOURCE> <bp:YEAR rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">2005</bp:YEAR> <bp:ID rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">15767565</bp:ID> <bp:DB rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">PubMed</bp:DB> <bp:TITLE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">JNK regulates lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans by modulating nuclear translocation of forkhead transcription factor/DAF-16.</bp:TITLE> <bp:SOURCE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</bp:SOURCE> <bp:YEAR rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">2005</bp:YEAR> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Oh SW</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Mukhopadhyay A</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Svrzikapa N</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Jiang F</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Davis RJ</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Tissenbaum HA</bp:AUTHORS> </bp:PublicationXref> <bp:openControlledVocabulary xmlns:bp="http://www.biopax.org/release/biopax-level3.owl#"> <bp:TERM xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">aging pathway</bp:TERM> <bp:ID xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">PW:0000651</bp:ID> <bp:Ontology xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Pathway Ontology</bp:Ontology> </bp:openControlledVocabulary> </Biopax> </Pathway>

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