Sulfur amino acid metabolism (Homo sapiens)

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <Pathway xmlns="http://pathvisio.org/GPML/2013a" Name="Sulfur amino acid metabolism" Organism="Homo sapiens"> <Comment Source="WikiPathways-description">The main sulfur amino acids are methionine, cysteine, homocysteine and taurine. Of these, the first two are proteinogenic.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;This group of reactions contains all processes that 1) break down sulfur amino acids, 2) interconvert between them, and 3) synthesize them from solved sulfide which comes from sulfate assimilation and reduction. Only plants and microorganisms employ all processes. Humans cannot de novo synthesize any sulfur amino acid, nor convert cysteine to methionine (Brosnan &amp; Brosnan, 2006). View original pathway at:[http://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#DIAGRAM=1614635 Reactome].</Comment> <Comment Source="Reactome-Converter">Pathway is converted from Reactome ID: 1614635</Comment> <Comment Source="Reactome-version">Reactome version: 65</Comment> <Comment Source="Reactome Author">Reactome Author: Stephan, Ralf</Comment> <BiopaxRef>cdf</BiopaxRef> <Attribute Key="reactome_id" Value="1614635" /> <Graphics BoardWidth="2701.0" BoardHeight="2078.0" /> <DataNode TextLabel="CysS-SQRDL(1-450)" GraphId="a02c0" Type="Protein"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial inner membrane" /> <Graphics CenterX="1745.5" CenterY="488.0" Width="123.0" Height="36.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="Q9Y6N5" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="S2O3(2-)" GraphId="a07f1" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="2066.0" CenterY="310.0" Width="80.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:16094" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="MRI1" GraphId="a0812" Type="Protein"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="194.5" CenterY="498.0" Width="45.0" Height="22.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="Q9BV20" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="BET" GraphId="a0b02" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="1146.0" CenterY="801.0" Width="44.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:17750" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="MAT1A " GraphId="a0c37" Type="Protein" GroupRef="b1f38"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-174383" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="22" /> <Graphics CenterX="100.0" CenterY="1638.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="Q00266" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="Zn2+ " GraphId="a127a" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="fe601"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-6798211" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="7" /> <Graphics CenterX="380.0" CenterY="1438.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:29105" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="CDO1 " GraphId="a21a7" Type="Protein" GroupRef="ae494"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-1614609" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="1" /> <Graphics CenterX="100.0" CenterY="1858.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="Q16878" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="BHMT:Zn2+ tetramer" GraphId="a2c25" Type="Complex"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="1049.5" CenterY="826.0" Width="95.0" Height="36.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Hexagon" Color="a52a2a" /> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-6798211" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="E1:Mg++" GraphId="a2c98" Type="Complex"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="509.0" CenterY="273.0" Width="72.0" Height="22.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Hexagon" Color="a52a2a" /> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1237166" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="Zn2+ " GraphId="a2d08" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="b9557"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-3149516" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="1" /> <Graphics CenterX="240.0" CenterY="1818.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" 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/> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="Mg2+ " GraphId="af1bc" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="cb9c8"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-1237166" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="1" /> <Graphics CenterX="100.0" CenterY="1458.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:18420" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="Ade" GraphId="b03fd" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="156.0" CenterY="664.0" Width="44.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:16708" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="NAD+ " GraphId="b1208" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="bea3b"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-174358" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="7" /> <Graphics CenterX="100.0" 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Width="35.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:15379" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="GOT1 " GraphId="b2612" Type="Protein" GroupRef="a35e8"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-70579" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="3" /> <Graphics CenterX="380.0" CenterY="1678.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="P17174" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="CSA" GraphId="b33e4" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="1833.0" CenterY="930.0" Width="44.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:16345" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="BHMT2 " GraphId="b4402" Type="Protein" GroupRef="e1815"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute 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<DataNode TextLabel="ADI1 " GraphId="bac3f" Type="Protein" GroupRef="e0ada"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-1237173" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="1" /> <Graphics CenterX="100.0" CenterY="1518.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="Q9BV57" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="HSCN" GraphId="bad95" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="2250.5" CenterY="404.0" Width="53.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:29200" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="CysS248-MPST " GraphId="bafbe" Type="Protein" GroupRef="ea647"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-9035480" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="1" /> <Graphics CenterX="380.0" 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Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:16908" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="H2O" GraphId="bed99" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="1670.0" CenterY="267.0" Width="44.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:15377" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="GSSG" GraphId="bfdaa" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="1767.5" CenterY="244.0" Width="53.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:17858" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="TXN2 " GraphId="bff2b" Type="Protein" GroupRef="ea647"> <BiopaxRef>c2c</BiopaxRef> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-9035480" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="1" /> <Graphics CenterX="380.0" CenterY="1818.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="Q99757" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="H2O" GraphId="bff2e" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="994.0" CenterY="300.0" Width="44.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:15377" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="MeCbl " GraphId="c052b" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="f30d1"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-3149551" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="1" /> <Graphics CenterX="240.0" CenterY="1678.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:28115" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="ADO:Fe2+" GraphId="c09ca" Type="Complex"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="1933.5" CenterY="754.0" Width="77.0" Height="22.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Hexagon" Color="a52a2a" /> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-6814156" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="PXLP " GraphId="c0be9" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="a35e8"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-70579" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="2" /> <Graphics CenterX="380.0" CenterY="1658.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:18405" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="TXN2" GraphId="c1492" Type="Protein"> <BiopaxRef>c2c</BiopaxRef> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="1934.5" CenterY="102.0" Width="43.0" Height="28.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="Q99757" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="O2" GraphId="c16c5" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="2035.5" CenterY="689.0" Width="35.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:15379" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="H2O" GraphId="c2c5f" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="431.0" CenterY="310.0" Width="44.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:15377" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="MTRR " GraphId="c388b" Type="Protein" GroupRef="f30d1"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-3149551" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="1" /> <Graphics CenterX="240.0" CenterY="1618.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="Q9UBK8" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="O2" GraphId="c42b0" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="1666.5" CenterY="322.0" Width="35.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:15379" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="ETHE1 " GraphId="c564e" Type="Protein" GroupRef="fa307"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-1614521" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="1" /> <Graphics CenterX="100.0" CenterY="2018.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="O95571" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="GADL1:PXLP" GraphId="c57f6" Type="Complex"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="1899.5" CenterY="977.0" Width="95.0" Height="22.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Hexagon" Color="a52a2a" /> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-6787755" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="H2S" GraphId="c693c" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="1624.0" CenterY="751.0" Width="44.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:16136" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="O2" GraphId="c726b" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="1803.5" CenterY="1197.0" Width="35.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:15379" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="TSTD1" GraphId="c7811" Type="Protein"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="1904.0" CenterY="291.0" Width="54.0" Height="22.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="Q8NFU3" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="GADL1 " GraphId="c81dd" Type="Protein" GroupRef="c4eba"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-6787755" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="1" /> <Graphics CenterX="380.0" CenterY="1578.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="Q6ZQY3" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="ATP" GraphId="c8221" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="988.0" CenterY="363.0" Width="44.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:15422" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="CTH " GraphId="c9529" Type="Protein" GroupRef="b34f0"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-1625212" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="4" /> <Graphics CenterX="240.0" CenterY="1898.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="P32929" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="MoCo (dioxyo) " GraphId="c9aa9" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="b9695"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-1614636" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="3" /> <Graphics CenterX="240.0" CenterY="1358.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:25372" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="PXLP " GraphId="c9c1c" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="ab16c"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-1655430" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="2" /> <Graphics CenterX="240.0" CenterY="1518.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:18405" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="Zn2+ " GraphId="ca5d1" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="fa307"> <Attribute 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<DataNode TextLabel="Zn2+ " GraphId="ce062" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="d245d"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-1237083" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="1" /> <Graphics CenterX="100.0" CenterY="1378.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:29105" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="H2O" GraphId="ce2cd" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="341.0" CenterY="467.0" Width="44.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:15377" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="Mg2+ " GraphId="cecc8" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="b1f38"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-174383" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="12" /> <Graphics CenterX="100.0" CenterY="1598.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:18420" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="H+" GraphId="cf447" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="1993.5" CenterY="284.0" Width="35.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:15378" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="L-Glu" GraphId="cf6e2" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="2349.5" CenterY="108.0" Width="43.0" Height="28.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:29985" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="holo-SUOX" GraphId="d00bf" Type="Complex"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="1530.0" CenterY="289.0" Width="86.0" Height="22.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Hexagon" Color="a52a2a" /> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614636" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="FMN " GraphId="d01f6" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="b9557"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-3149516" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="1" /> <Graphics CenterX="240.0" CenterY="1758.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:17621" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="MTRIBUP" GraphId="d0763" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="201.0" CenterY="425.0" Width="80.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:58548" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="SO4(2-)" GraphId="d0868" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="1530.5" CenterY="228.0" Width="71.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:16189" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="CysS248-MPST" GraphId="d1682" Type="Protein"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="2059.0" CenterY="131.5" Width="72.0" Height="33.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="P25325" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="H2S" GraphId="d1763" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="1718.0" CenterY="166.0" Width="44.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:16136" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="SO4(2-)" GraphId="d1ef1" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="1277.5" CenterY="237.0" Width="71.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:16189" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="Fe2+ " GraphId="d2141" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="ae494"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-1614609" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="1" /> <Graphics CenterX="100.0" CenterY="1878.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:18248" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="DMGLY" GraphId="d27f2" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="925.5" CenterY="820.0" Width="67.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:17724" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="HSO3-" GraphId="d2946" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="2300.0" CenterY="184.0" Width="62.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:17137" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="2OBUTA" GraphId="d4248" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="1665.5" CenterY="876.0" Width="71.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:30831" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="2,3-DMPP" GraphId="d4a22" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="411.0" CenterY="425.0" Width="90.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:58828" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="CTH " GraphId="d4b0d" Type="Protein" GroupRef="ff26e"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-1625212" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="4" /> 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GraphId="d77dc" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="1999.5" CenterY="399.0" Width="35.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:15378" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="L-Cys" GraphId="d88e9" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="1751.0" CenterY="1156.0" Width="62.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:35235" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="MTRR " GraphId="da665" Type="Protein" GroupRef="b9557"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-3149516" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="1" /> <Graphics CenterX="240.0" CenterY="1778.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="Q9UBK8" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="Fe2+ " GraphId="da8f6" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="d042a"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-6814156" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="1" /> <Graphics CenterX="380.0" CenterY="1518.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:18248" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="MTR " GraphId="db04f" Type="Protein" GroupRef="b9557"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-3149516" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="1" /> <Graphics CenterX="240.0" CenterY="1798.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="Q99707" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="Pi" GraphId="dc611" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="831.0" CenterY="360.0" Width="30.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:18367" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="MTRIBP" GraphId="dc786" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="196.5" CenterY="629.0" Width="71.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:58533" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="HC-TXN2" GraphId="dcaaf" Type="Protein"> <BiopaxRef>c2c</BiopaxRef> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="1760.0" CenterY="132.0" Width="66.0" Height="22.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="Q99757" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="2AET" GraphId="dce53" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="1974.5" CenterY="688.0" Width="53.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:17141" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="PXLP " GraphId="dd679" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="c4eba"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-6787755" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="1" /> <Graphics CenterX="380.0" CenterY="1598.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:18405" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="MAT1A multimers" GraphId="dda00" Type="Complex"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="890.0" CenterY="247.0" Width="82.0" Height="36.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="RoundedRectangle" Color="a52a2a" /> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-174383" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="MTRR:MTR(cob(I)alamin)" GraphId="ddbae" Type="Complex"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="980.0" CenterY="514.0" Width="118.0" Height="36.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Hexagon" Color="a52a2a" /> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-3149516" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="SLC25A10" GraphId="de08e" Type="Protein"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial inner membrane" /> <Graphics CenterX="1455.0" CenterY="151.0" Width="82.0" Height="22.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="Q9UBX3" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="CSAD dimer" GraphId="de293" Type="Complex"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="2080.5" CenterY="1102.0" Width="91.0" Height="22.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Hexagon" Color="a52a2a" /> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1655430" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="H2O" GraphId="de321" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="1199.0" CenterY="356.0" Width="44.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:15377" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="APIP " GraphId="deae7" Type="Protein" GroupRef="d245d"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-1237083" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="1" /> <Graphics CenterX="100.0" CenterY="1358.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="Q96GX9" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="BHMT " GraphId="df0df" Type="Protein" GroupRef="fe601"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-6798211" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="4" /> <Graphics CenterX="380.0" CenterY="1418.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="Q93088" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="L-Cys" GraphId="dfc21" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="2519.0" CenterY="123.5" Width="44.0" Height="33.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:35235" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="ARD:Fe++" GraphId="e1e94" Type="Complex"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="536.5" CenterY="429.0" Width="77.0" Height="22.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Hexagon" Color="a52a2a" /> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1237173" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="SQRDL(1-450)" GraphId="e20e3" Type="Protein"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial inner membrane" /> <Graphics CenterX="2036.5" CenterY="495.0" Width="109.0" Height="22.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="Q9Y6N5" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="4MTOBUTA" GraphId="e21c7" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="625.0" CenterY="505.0" Width="94.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:16723" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="O2" GraphId="e23a1" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="1769.5" CenterY="429.0" Width="35.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:15379" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="cob(I)alamin " GraphId="e2d54" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="b9557"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-3149516" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="1" /> <Graphics CenterX="240.0" CenterY="1838.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:15982" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="Zn2+ " GraphId="e42a1" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="f30d1"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-3149551" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="1" /> <Graphics CenterX="240.0" CenterY="1658.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:29105" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="H+" GraphId="e5262" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="664.5" CenterY="283.0" Width="35.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:15378" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="H+" GraphId="e67f5" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="1761.5" CenterY="769.0" Width="35.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:15378" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="SO3(2-)" GraphId="e7479" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="2108.5" CenterY="438.0" Width="71.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:17359" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="MTAD" GraphId="e754f" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="196.0" CenterY="817.0" Width="58.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:17509" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="TST" GraphId="e77a7" Type="Protein"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="1908.0" CenterY="361.0" Width="36.0" Height="22.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="Q16762" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="FAD " GraphId="e7b73" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="f30d1"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-3149551" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="1" /> <Graphics CenterX="240.0" CenterY="1578.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:16238" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="NAD+" GraphId="e85d4" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="1893.5" CenterY="709.0" Width="53.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:15846" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="Pi" GraphId="e88f7" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="148.0" CenterY="794.0" Width="30.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:18367" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="2OG" GraphId="e901f" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="2523.0" CenterY="174.0" Width="44.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:30915" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="PXLP " GraphId="e97fc" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="b34f0"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-1625212" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="4" /> <Graphics CenterX="240.0" CenterY="1918.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:18405" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="MAL" GraphId="ea642" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="1258.0" CenterY="147.0" Width="48.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:30797" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="PXLP " GraphId="ea735" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="ff26e"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-1625212" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="4" /> <Graphics CenterX="240.0" CenterY="1438.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:18405" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="PPi" GraphId="eab79" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="824.5" CenterY="283.0" Width="39.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:29888" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="H2O" GraphId="ecd1e" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="1794.0" CenterY="393.0" Width="44.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:15377" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="QH2" GraphId="ed4c4" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial inner membrane" /> <Graphics CenterX="1735.0" CenterY="539.0" Width="44.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:17976" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="MPST" GraphId="ed4db" Type="Protein"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="2225.0" CenterY="211.0" Width="50.0" Height="22.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="P25325" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="CSAD " GraphId="ef1b7" Type="Protein" GroupRef="ab16c"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-1655430" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="2" /> <Graphics CenterX="240.0" CenterY="1498.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="Q9Y600" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="CoQ" GraphId="efb02" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial inner membrane" /> <Graphics CenterX="1449.0" CenterY="525.0" Width="44.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:46245" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="L-Met" GraphId="f08a6" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="884.0" CenterY="578.0" Width="62.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:57844" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="3-Sulfinoalanine" GraphId="f208c" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="2002.5" CenterY="1156.0" Width="121.0" Height="44.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:16345" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="CysS248-MPST:TXN2" GraphId="f2967" Type="Complex"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="1931.5" CenterY="172.0" Width="101.0" Height="36.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Hexagon" Color="a52a2a" /> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-9035480" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="SUOX " GraphId="f2d6b" Type="Protein" GroupRef="b9695"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-1614636" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="2" /> <Graphics CenterX="240.0" CenterY="1338.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Uniprot-TrEMBL" ID="P51687" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="L-Lanthionine" GraphId="f30eb" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="1774.5" CenterY="849.0" Width="121.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:21347" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="GSH" GraphId="f36a9" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="2052.0" CenterY="243.0" Width="44.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:16856" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="HTAUDH" GraphId="f4d3b"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="1816.5" CenterY="691.0" Width="63.0" Height="22.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" /> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1655455" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="GOT2 dimer" GraphId="f67f5" Type="Complex"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="2440.5" CenterY="103.0" Width="91.0" Height="22.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Hexagon" Color="a52a2a" /> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-70594" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="H2O2" GraphId="f67fb" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Graphics CenterX="1653.5" CenterY="200.0" Width="53.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:16240" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="Ade-Rib" GraphId="f7683" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="1262.0" CenterY="524.0" Width="76.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:16335" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="AHCY:NAD+ tetramer" GraphId="f78d0" Type="Complex"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="1168.5" CenterY="419.0" Width="91.0" Height="36.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" ShapeType="Hexagon" Color="a52a2a" /> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-174358" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="FAD " GraphId="f7dfe" Type="Metabolite" GroupRef="f2956"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial inner membrane" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-1614651" /> <Attribute Key="copies_num" Value="1" /> <Graphics CenterX="100.0" CenterY="1958.0" Width="100.0" Height="20.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:16238" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="H2O" GraphId="f7e5f" Type="Metabolite"> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="cytosol" /> <Graphics CenterX="1702.0" CenterY="1206.0" Width="44.0" Height="30.0" ZOrder="32768" FontSize="10" Valign="Middle" Color="0000ff" /> <Xref Database="ChEBI" ID="CHEBI:15377" /> </DataNode> <DataNode TextLabel="PXLP-GOT2 " GraphId="f8557" Type="Protein" GroupRef="a8b83"> <BiopaxRef>a3d</BiopaxRef> <Attribute Key="cellular_location" Value="mitochondrial matrix" /> <Attribute Key="complex_id" Value="R-HSA-70594" /> 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</Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="a3120"> <Comment Source="Reactome">alpha,beta-elimination activity of cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CTH) replaces the sulfur in cysteine with oxygen from water, resulting in serine and toxic hydrogen sulfide, which is further oxidized in mitochondria (Chiku et al. 2009, Steegborn et al. 1999).</Comment> <BiopaxRef>d98</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>de6</BiopaxRef> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1645.0" Y="1155.0" /> <Point X="1412.0" Y="1155.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="e4165" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="bc7ae" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="cd8fc" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614614" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="a31af"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1471.0" Y="525.0" GraphRef="efb02" RelX="1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="1544.0" Y="539.0" GraphRef="db16c" RelX="0.0" 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As a result, cells can't utilise oxygen, giving rise to central nervous system, cardiovascular and respiratory dysfunction that can result in permanent neurological defects and, in severe cases, death. At body's pH, cyanide exists mainly in the undissociated form hydrogen cyanide (HCN) which can cross cellular and subcellular membranes such as the blood brain barrier and mitochondrial membranes. Although humans are not typically exposed to cyanide, cyanide intoxication can occur after smoke inhalation, industrial exposure, ingestion of cyanogenic substances and cyanogenic food sources such as cassava. Antidotes for HCN poisoning cases include HCN binders, sulfur donors that convert HCN to the less toxic thiosulfate and competitors for HCN enzymatic binding sites such as NO (Petrikovics et al. 2015).&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Two pathways in mammals are able to detoxify cyanide as thiocyanate via transfer of a sulfur atom: thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (TST aka rhodanese) in mitochondria and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST aka 3MST) in cytosol and mitochondria. 3MPYR has been investigated for the potential treatment of HCN poisoning but its half life is very short, being rapidly metabolised when given intravenously (Nagahara &amp; Sawada 2003). Also, it is a metabolite of cysteine metabolism but cysteine is present in low amounts in the brain and heart, limiting the ability of MPST to be effective in acute HCN poisoning. The pro-drug sulfanegen is the hemithioacetal cyclic dimer of 3MPYR and has been demonstrated to be effective against HCN poisoning in animal studies (Brenner et al. 2010, Belani et al. 2012). Sulfanegen provides the sulfur atom for the transsulfuration of HCN by MPST (Belani et al. 2012). HSCN can be excreted in urine via the kidneys (Hamel 2011). In a mass exposure scenario (such as terrorism or industrial accident), a rapidly-acting antidote that can be administered quickly to a large number of people is essential; sulfanegen can be rapidly administered by intramuscular injection (Patterson et al. 2016). </Comment> <BiopaxRef>b9e</BiopaxRef> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="2473.0" Y="403.0" /> <Point X="2391.0" Y="403.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="bf05e" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="ecc5c" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="a9708" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-9013533" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="a5750"> <Comment Source="Reactome">Equilibrium between 5'-methylthio ribose-1-phosphate and 5'-methylthio ribulose-1-phosphate is catalyzed by 5'-methylthio ribose-1-phosphate isomerase. 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The activity of human rhodanase was inferred from the rat orthologue by Hildebrandt &amp; Grieshaber, 2008.</Comment> <BiopaxRef>f18</BiopaxRef> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1881.0" Y="324.0" /> <Point X="1957.0" Y="324.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="c8637" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="ef346" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="d4511" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614618" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="acc66"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1935.0" Y="419.0" GraphRef="fbbba" RelX="0.8399999999999181" RelY="-0.009999999999990905" /> <Point X="1982.0" Y="399.0" GraphRef="d77dc" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614605" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="ada6a"> <Comment Source="Reactome">Thiosulfate is able to transfer its sulfur atom to glutathione, a reaction investigated in yeast (Chauncey &amp; Westley 1983). 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polysulfur chain may be produced at the catalytic site of CysS248-MPST. H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Sn is released after CysS248-MPST binds mitochondrial thioredoxin (TXN2) (Smeets et al. 2005, Yadav et al. 2013, Holzerova et al. 2016). The length of the sulfur chain released from MPST may vary depending on the availability of thioredoxin (Kimura 2016). When the interaction between MPST and thioredoxin is strong, the shorter form H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S can be released. Thioredoxin is now in the oxidised, disulfide form (HC-TXN2) and can be reduced by thioredoxin reductase in the presence of NADPH (Smeets et al. 2005, Yadav et al. 2013).</Comment> <BiopaxRef>d4a</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>c2c</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>dbc</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>c23</BiopaxRef> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1896.0" Y="193.0" /> <Point X="1866.0" Y="205.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="f4dc0" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="eb3fc" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-9035484" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="bfbf0"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="2452.0" Y="317.0" GraphRef="ba048" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="2145.0" Y="317.0" GraphRef="cac8b" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-9013198" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="c0f70"> <Comment Source="Reactome">L-homocysteine (LHCYS) is derived from L-methionine (L-Met) and can either be remethylated to reform L-Met or take part in cysteine biosynthesis via the trans-sulfuration pathway. LHCYS remethylation can occur by the action of two enzymes; cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase and betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase, using methyltetrahydrofolate and betaine respectively as methyl donors. A third enzyme, S-methylmethionine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT2), can use S-methylmethionine (SMM) as the methyl donor to methylate LHCYS and reform L-Met. BHMT2 is a tetrameric, cytosolic enzyme that requires one Zn2+ ion per subunit as cofactor (Szegedi et al. 2008). </Comment> <BiopaxRef>a8d</BiopaxRef> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1093.0" Y="698.0" /> <Point X="998.0" Y="698.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="d65f5" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="c9903" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="bbc75" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-5696838" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="c117c"> <Comment Source="Reactome">When SQR is in the oxidized state, it can bind hydrogen sulfide as persulfide to one of its own cysteine residue, the electrons being transferred to ubiquinone. After that the additional sulfur is dioxygenated by another enzyme (ETHE1). The activity of human SQR was deduced from the orthologue in &lt;i&gt;Arenicola marina&lt;/i&gt; (Theissen et al. 2003, Hildebrandt &amp; Grieshaber 2008).</Comment> <BiopaxRef>c88</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>f18</BiopaxRef> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1544.0" Y="539.0" /> <Point X="1638.0" Y="539.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="db16c" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="d9753" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="c57e4" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614665" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="c23f2"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1852.0" Y="977.0" GraphRef="c57f6" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="1899.0" Y="929.0" GraphRef="f007c" RelX="11.5" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="mim-catalysis" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-6814165" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="c2c1f"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1480.0" Y="943.0" GraphRef="b146f" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="1505.0" Y="750.0" GraphRef="fa424" RelX="123.5" RelY="59.5" ArrowHead="mim-catalysis" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614567" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="c3402"> <Comment Source="Reactome">In the last step MOB gets transaminated to methionine. The reaction was confirmed in yeast, where several transaminases catalyze it, which appears to be also the case in rat. At the moment, the human enzymes involved are unknown but due to homology to the respective enzyme in the parasite &lt;i&gt;Crithidia fasciculata&lt;/i&gt; we feel supported to state that human GOT is probably one of the involved transaminases. 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These two thiol dioxygenases are cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) and 2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase (ADO, cysteamine dioxygenase ). Both of these thiol dioxygenases are essential for hypotaurine and taurine biosynthesis. 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In these reactions, oxobutanoate, lanthionine, and homolanthionine are produced by cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH) (Chiku et al. 2009, Steegborn et al. 1999)</Comment> <BiopaxRef>d98</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>de6</BiopaxRef> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1750.0" Y="1138.0" /> <Point X="1750.0" Y="897.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="f9f84" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="a0a15" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="fea3b" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="e520b" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614591" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d0327"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1145.0" Y="516.0" GraphRef="a3661" RelX="0.0" RelY="1.0" /> <Point X="1137.0" Y="558.0" GraphRef="f4dae" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-174374" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d0585"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="972.0" Y="300.0" GraphRef="bff2e" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="932.0" Y="319.0" GraphRef="b99dd" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-174391" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d289e"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1833.0" Y="303.0" GraphRef="ad6da" RelX="1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="1881.0" Y="324.0" GraphRef="c8637" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614618" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d2c8f"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="2001.0" Y="784.0" GraphRef="e38ab" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.6200000000000045" /> <Point X="2002.0" Y="830.0" GraphRef="b7648" RelX="-0.018867924528301886" RelY="-1.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-6814153" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d354e"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1866.0" Y="205.0" GraphRef="eb3fc" RelX="-0.2999999999999545" RelY="0.12000000000000455" /> <Point X="1740.0" Y="166.0" GraphRef="d1763" RelX="1.0" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-9035484" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d383a"> <Comment Source="Reactome">Adenosylhomocysteinase (AHCY) is a tetrameric, NAD+-bound, cytosolic protein that regulates all adenosylmethionine-(AdoMet) dependent transmethylations by hydrolysing the feedback inhibitor adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) to homocysteine (HCYS) and adenosine (Ade-Rib) (Turner et al. 1998, Yang et al. 2003).</Comment> <BiopaxRef>ddd</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>e71</BiopaxRef> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1242.0" Y="384.0" /> <Point X="1242.0" Y="458.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="f8a3f" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="ef06c" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="ebc98" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-174401" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d3c4b"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1646.0" Y="1007.0" GraphRef="b4c67" RelX="1.6100000000001273" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="1609.0" Y="928.0" GraphRef="fb078" RelX="0.0" RelY="1.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614583" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d4045"> <Comment Source="Reactome">MTA phosphorylase catalyzes the cleavage of adenine from S-methylthioadenosine (MTA) and subsequent phosphorylation of the product, yielding 5'-methylthio ribose-1-phosphate (Kamatani et al. 1981). The active form of the enzyme is a homotrimer (Della Ragione et al. 1985). Mutations in the gene are associated with a rare bone dysplasia and cancer syndrome, DMS-MFH (Camacho-Vanegas et al. 2012).</Comment> <BiopaxRef>b25</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>e56</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>d14</BiopaxRef> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="195.0" Y="762.0" /> <Point X="195.0" Y="691.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="a59b7" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="b729a" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="edaf4" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1237160" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d410a"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1750.0" Y="897.0" GraphRef="a0a15" RelX="0.0" RelY="-2.409999999999968" /> <Point X="1646.0" Y="751.0" GraphRef="c693c" RelX="1.0" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614591" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d48b8"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1216.0" Y="619.0" GraphRef="aba37" RelX="0.9622641509433962" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="1505.0" Y="750.0" GraphRef="db0b0" RelX="123.5" RelY="59.5" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614567" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d4937"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1453.0" Y="204.0" GraphRef="d1b5d" RelX="0.0" RelY="-0.009999999999990905" /> <Point X="1525.0" Y="174.0" GraphRef="cc0e7" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614546" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d6951"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="2134.0" Y="131.0" GraphRef="c0422" RelX="-1.0700000000001637" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="2123.0" Y="240.0" GraphRef="a64e6" RelX="0.0" RelY="-1.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-9034756" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d6963"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="2474.0" Y="332.0" GraphRef="ba048" RelX="0.0" RelY="1.0" /> <Point X="2473.0" Y="403.0" GraphRef="bf05e" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-9013533" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d6a06"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1543.0" Y="750.0" GraphRef="f6c01" RelX="3.230000000000018" RelY="1.1900000000000546" /> <Point X="1557.0" Y="725.0" GraphRef="aaf77" RelX="-0.018867924528301886" RelY="1.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614567" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d6a1c"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1624.0" Y="736.0" GraphRef="c693c" RelX="0.0" RelY="-1.0" /> <Point X="1544.0" Y="539.0" GraphRef="db16c" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614665" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d6eae"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="2480.0" Y="441.0" GraphRef="fd32a" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="2473.0" Y="403.0" GraphRef="bf05e" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-9013533" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d70fe"> <Comment Source="Reactome">Acireductone synthase (also: enolase-phosphatase E1) catalyzes the dephosphorylation and conversion to enolate of 2,3-dioxo-5'-methylthiopentane-1-phosphate, yielding acireductone. (Wang et al, 2005)</Comment> <BiopaxRef>bf5</BiopaxRef> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="475.0" Y="324.0" /> <Point X="544.0" Y="324.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="e6a7e" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="d122e" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="ed0a6" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1237129" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d930b"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="748.0" Y="576.0" GraphRef="b528e" RelX="1.2300000000000182" RelY="0.009999999999990905" /> <Point X="853.0" Y="578.0" GraphRef="f08a6" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1237102" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="d9e98"> <Comment Source="Reactome">Acidic amino acid decarboxylase GADL1 (GADL1) can decarboxylate acidic amino acids such as cysteine sulfinic acid (CSA) to form hypotaurine (HTAU) (Liu et al. 2012, 2013).</Comment> <BiopaxRef>e96</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>dd2</BiopaxRef> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1858.0" Y="929.0" /> <Point X="1917.0" Y="929.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="f6b58" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="d2f1f" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="f007c" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-6814165" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="da79d"> <Comment Source="Reactome">Excess homocysteine will change the enzymatic activity of CBS such that other reactions than transsulfuration take place. In these reactions, oxobutanoate, lanthionine, and homolanthionine are produced by cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH) (Chiku et al. 2009, Steegborn et al. 1999)</Comment> <BiopaxRef>d98</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>de6</BiopaxRef> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1220.0" Y="631.0" /> <Point X="1543.0" Y="750.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="a7258" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="f6c01" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="fa424" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="db0b0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614567" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="da842"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1070.0" Y="627.0" GraphRef="b1ed9" RelX="0.0" RelY="1.0" /> <Point X="1068.0" Y="698.0" GraphRef="bbc75" RelX="22.5" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="mim-catalysis" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-5696838" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="dac43"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="2018.0" Y="689.0" GraphRef="c16c5" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="2001.0" Y="722.0" GraphRef="d990b" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-6814153" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="db2b3"> <Comment Source="Reactome">Hydrogen polysulfides (H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Sn, where n&gt;=2) are also endogenously produced by 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST aka 3MST) directly from 3-mercaptopyruvate (3MPYR) generated by cysteine (aspartate) aminotransferase (GOT2) (Kimura et al. 2013, Kimura et al. 2015, Koike et al. 2017). Where n=2, the H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; species is called hydrogen persulfide (aka disulfane). MPST can release either H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S or H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Sn depending on the interaction with thioredoxin. When there is strong interaction with thioredoxin, H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S is released. 3MST receives sulfur from 3MPYR to persulfurate (oxidise) cysteine-248 residue of its reaction centre.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; is the dominant form produced with H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; detected at lower concentrations in cells or tissues. Up to H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;35&lt;/sub&gt; may exist (Steudel 2003), but under physiological conditions, when n reaches 8, it forms a crown shape and precipitates. H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Sn activate transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels (Kimura et al. 2013), facilitate translocation of nuclear factor like-2 (NRF2) to the nucleus by modifying its binding partner kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) (Koike et al. 2013), regulates the activity of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) (Greiner et al. 2013), and reduces blood pressure by activating protein kinase G1a (Stubbert et al. 2014). Another persulfurated molecule, cysteine persulfide, which may be involved in the regulation of cellular redox homeostasis, is also produced by MPST (Kimura et al. 2017).</Comment> <BiopaxRef>b93</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>f1b</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>ea4</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>a96</BiopaxRef> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="2241.0" Y="131.0" /> <Point X="2134.0" Y="131.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="c5af7" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="c0422" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="e2689" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-9034756" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="db4db"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="195.0" Y="691.0" GraphRef="b729a" RelX="0.0" RelY="-0.7100000000000364" /> <Point X="178.0" Y="664.0" GraphRef="b03fd" RelX="1.0" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1237160" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="db84a"> <Comment Source="Reactome">The human enzyme with 5'-methylthio ribulose-1-phosphate isomerase activity is probably produced from the APIP gene, according to its orthology with the yeast Mde1p enzyme.</Comment> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="244.0" Y="425.0" /> <Point X="308.0" Y="425.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="dfc03" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="d37ee" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="ebf27" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1237140" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="dbcec"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="855.0" Y="319.0" GraphRef="c63f6" RelX="-0.7699999999999818" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="824.0" Y="298.0" GraphRef="eab79" RelX="-0.02564102564102564" RelY="1.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-174391" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="dceee"> <Comment Source="Reactome">Cyanide is a potent metabolic poison which binds to and inhibits cytochrome c oxidase (cytochrome a3), resulting in the rapid inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (Hall &amp; Rumack 1986). As a result, cells can't utilise oxygen, giving rise to central nervous system, cardiovascular and respiratory dysfunction that can result in permanent neurological defects and, in severe cases, death. At body's pH, cyanide exists mainly in the undissociated form hydrogen cyanide (HCN) which can cross cellular and subcellular membranes such as the blood brain barrier and mitochondrial membranes. Although humans aren't typically exposed to toxic levels of cyanide, cyanide intoxication can occur after smoke inhalation, industrial exposure, ingestion of cyanogenic substances and cyanogenic food sources such as cassava. Antidotes for HCN poisoning cases include HCN binders, sulfur donors that convert HCN to the less toxic thiosulfate and competitors for HCN enzymatic binding sites such as NO (Nagahara et al. 1999, Petrikovics et al. 2015).&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Two pathways in mammals are able to detoxify cyanide as thiocyanate via transfer of a sulfur atom: thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (TST aka rhodanese) in mitochondria and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST aka 3MST) in cytosol and mitochondria. MPST mediates the transfer of a sulfur atom from 3-methylpryuvate (3MPYR) to HCN to form the less toxic thiocyanic acid (HSCN) (Himwich &amp; Saunders 1948, Zottola 2009, Moeller et al. 2017). HSCN can be excreted in urine via the kidneys (Hamel 2011). Although the primary role of MPST is not cyanide detoxification, a large body of animal data has demonstrated cyanide is rapidly converted to thiocyanate in vivo when 3MPYR is administered, even in species with low MPST activity (Brenner et al. 2010, Belani et al. 2012).</Comment> <BiopaxRef>b6b</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>a35</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>a7b</BiopaxRef> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="2404.0" Y="259.0" /> <Point X="2172.0" Y="259.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="e5d1d" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="cf378" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="dcc35" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-9013471" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="dd4f6"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="308.0" Y="425.0" GraphRef="d37ee" RelX="0.6399999999999864" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="366.0" Y="425.0" GraphRef="d4a22" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1237140" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="dd542"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1212.0" Y="947.0" GraphRef="fb3e9" RelX="1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="1281.0" Y="804.0" GraphRef="c0f9d" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614524" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="dd5cc"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1861.0" Y="762.0" GraphRef="fcaf5" RelX="0.0" RelY="-1.0" /> <Point X="1844.0" Y="730.0" GraphRef="d139c" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1655453" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="dd64b"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1971.0" Y="754.0" GraphRef="c09ca" RelX="0.974025974025974" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="2001.0" Y="756.0" GraphRef="c3b79" RelX="0.0" RelY="3.0" ArrowHead="mim-catalysis" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-6814153" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="dd667"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="890.0" Y="265.0" GraphRef="dda00" RelX="0.0" RelY="1.0" /> <Point X="890.0" Y="319.0" GraphRef="a602a" RelX="-3.5" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="mim-catalysis" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-174391" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="dda53"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="2145.0" Y="404.0" GraphRef="eebd8" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.8700000000000045" /> <Point X="2143.0" Y="438.0" GraphRef="e7479" RelX="0.971830985915493" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-9013198" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="ddf3c"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1532.0" Y="925.0" GraphRef="b146f" RelX="0.0" RelY="-1.0" /> <Point X="1531.0" Y="847.0" GraphRef="e9955" RelX="-0.5" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="mim-catalysis" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614631" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="dea10"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="2288.0" Y="146.0" GraphRef="a76c8" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="2255.0" Y="145.0" GraphRef="d0179" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-9012721" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="dea4a"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1851.0" Y="243.0" GraphRef="fe507" RelX="-1.3699999999998909" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="1740.0" Y="166.0" GraphRef="d1763" RelX="1.0" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1655879" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="deaa2"> <Comment Source="Reactome">S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet, SAM) is an essential metabolite in all cells. AdoMet is a precursor in the synthesis of polyamines. Methionine adenosyltransferases (MAT) catalyse the only known AdoMet biosynthetic reaction from methionine (L-Met) and ATP. In mammalian tissues, three different forms of MAT (MAT I, MAT III and MAT II) have been identified that are the product of two different genes (MAT1A and MAT2A). MAT1A binds 1 K+ and 2 Mg2+ (or Co2+, not shown here) in tetrameric or dimeric form (Corrales et al. 2002, Mato et al. 1997).</Comment> <BiopaxRef>cd2</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>e42</BiopaxRef> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="932.0" Y="319.0" /> <Point X="855.0" Y="319.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="b99dd" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="c63f6" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="a602a" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-174391" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="debb5"> <Comment Source="Reactome">A polysulfur chain may be produced at the catalytic site of CysS248-MPST. H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Sn is released after CysS248-MPST binds mitochondrial thioredoxin (TXN2) (Smeets et al. 2005, Yadav et al. 2013, Holzerova et al. 2016). The length of the sulfur chain released from MPST may vary depending on the availability of thioredoxin (Kimura 2016). When the interaction between MPST and thioredoxin is strong, the shorter form H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S can be released.</Comment> <BiopaxRef>d4a</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>c2c</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>dbc</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>c23</BiopaxRef> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1985.0" Y="130.0" /> <Point X="1954.0" Y="151.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="e8222" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="adc4d" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-9035227" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="df44e"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="2225.0" Y="200.0" GraphRef="ed4db" RelX="0.0" RelY="-1.0" /> <Point X="2241.0" Y="131.0" GraphRef="c5af7" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-9034756" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="df471"> <Comment Source="Reactome">Excess homocysteine will change the enzymatic activity of CBS such that other reactions than transsulfuration take place. In these reactions, oxobutanoate, lanthionine, and homolanthionine are produced by cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH) (Chiku et al. 2009, Steegborn et al. 1999)</Comment> <BiopaxRef>d98</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>de6</BiopaxRef> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1481.0" Y="847.0" /> <Point X="1582.0" Y="847.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="f8b76" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="cc82e" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="e9955" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614631" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="df4f0"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1851.0" Y="243.0" GraphRef="fe507" RelX="-1.3699999999998909" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="1793.0" Y="244.0" GraphRef="bfdaa" RelX="0.9622641509433962" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1655879" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="df5f4"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1286.0" Y="853.0" GraphRef="ad04b" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="1335.0" Y="804.0" GraphRef="d5033" RelX="-0.5" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="mim-catalysis" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614524" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="df630"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="998.0" Y="698.0" GraphRef="c9903" RelX="-0.9500000000000455" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="915.0" Y="578.0" GraphRef="f08a6" RelX="1.0" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-5696838" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="e010a"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1500.0" Y="550.0" GraphRef="aee93" RelX="0.9428571428571428" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="1544.0" Y="539.0" GraphRef="db16c" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614665" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="e0e1d"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1931.0" Y="291.0" GraphRef="c7811" RelX="1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="1905.0" Y="243.0" GraphRef="c3128" RelX="-14.5" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="mim-catalysis" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1655879" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="e11fd"> <Comment Source="Reactome">Remethylation of homocysteine (HCYS) to methionine (L-Met) can also proceed by using betaine (BET) as a methyl donor, which is oxidised to dimethylglycine (DMGLY). This reaction is also part of choline catabolism, thereby providing a link to folate-dependent, one-carbon metabolism (Li et al. 2008).</Comment> <BiopaxRef>a32</BiopaxRef> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1097.0" Y="778.0" /> <Point X="1007.0" Y="778.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="b3d7c" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="c0853" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="e8731" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614654" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="e1561"> <Comment Source="Reactome">Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD) mediates the decarboxylase of 3-sulfinoalanine to produce hypotuarine. CSAD functions as a homodimer and requires pyridoxal phosphate as a cofactor. 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The enzyme is a tetramer with two heme molecules as cofactor (Janosik et al. 2001).</Comment> <BiopaxRef>a9c</BiopaxRef> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1281.0" Y="804.0" /> <Point X="1390.0" Y="804.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="c0f9d" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="c999c" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="d5033" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614524" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="e53af"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1007.0" Y="778.0" GraphRef="c0853" RelX="-0.8999999999999773" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="958.0" Y="820.0" GraphRef="d27f2" RelX="0.9701492537313433" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614654" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="e5d4b"> <Comment Source="Reactome">Equilibrium between 5'-methylthio ribose-1-phosphate and 5'-methylthio ribulose-1-phosphate is catalyzed by 5'-methylthio ribose-1-phosphate isomerase. (Kabuyama et al, 2009)</Comment> <BiopaxRef>d3a</BiopaxRef> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="201.0" Y="611.0" /> <Point X="209.0" Y="443.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="af664" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="fa253" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="a0b0b" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1237096" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="e6b6a"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1458.0" Y="934.0" GraphRef="b9e88" RelX="0.9851851851851852" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="1485.0" Y="1007.0" GraphRef="c0a5a" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614583" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="e6faf"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1495.0" Y="228.0" GraphRef="d0868" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="1453.0" Y="205.0" GraphRef="c03bc" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614546" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="e7d8a"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1390.0" Y="804.0" GraphRef="c999c" RelX="1.0899999999999181" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="1391.0" Y="919.0" GraphRef="b9e88" RelX="-0.007407407407407408" RelY="-1.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614524" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="e82d8"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1145.0" Y="516.0" GraphRef="a3661" RelX="0.0" RelY="1.0" /> <Point X="1108.0" Y="558.0" GraphRef="beca3" RelX="28.0" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="mim-catalysis" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-174374" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="e8422"> <Comment Source="Reactome">Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) produced endogenously has been established as the third gaseous signaling molecule, a smooth muscle relaxant and a neuroprotectant (Kimura 2011a, 2011b). Three human enzyme systems produce H2S in the brain, retina and vascular endothelial cells. 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase (MPST, aka 3MST) in conjunction with cysteine (aspartate) aminotransferase (CAT, aka GOT2) is decribed here. The first step is the reversible transamination between L-cysteine (L-Cys) and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG, aka alpha-ketoglutarate) to form 3-methylpyruvate (3MPYR) and glutamate (Glu) catalysed by GOT2. Two forms of human aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) enzymes exist; cytosolic (GOT1) and mitochondrial (GOT2). Both are dimeric proteins requiring pyridoxal phosphate for activity. Human GOT2 (Zhou et al. 1998) possesses the same catalytic activity as its rat counterpart (Ubuka et al. 1978).</Comment> <BiopaxRef>e4a</BiopaxRef> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="2470.0" Y="145.0" /> <Point X="2401.0" Y="145.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="f0018" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="ab1ae" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="a227a" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-9012597" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="ea964"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1190.0" Y="634.0" GraphRef="aba37" RelX="-0.018867924528301886" RelY="1.0" /> <Point X="1097.0" Y="778.0" GraphRef="b3d7c" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614654" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="eb5f8"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1926.0" Y="361.0" GraphRef="e77a7" RelX="1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="2145.0" Y="362.0" GraphRef="f10b5" RelX="0.0" RelY="1.5" ArrowHead="mim-catalysis" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-9013198" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="ec256"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="544.0" Y="324.0" GraphRef="d122e" RelX="0.6900000000000546" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="537.0" Y="364.0" GraphRef="b9972" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1237129" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="ecc2c"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="201.0" Y="440.0" GraphRef="d0763" RelX="0.0" RelY="1.0" /> <Point X="188.0" Y="443.0" GraphRef="a6334" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1299507" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="ecea9"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1743.0" Y="303.0" GraphRef="ad6da" RelX="-1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="1634.0" Y="290.0" GraphRef="e16a6" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614544" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="ed1c2"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="2001.0" Y="1057.0" GraphRef="f5c65" RelX="0.0" RelY="-0.7400000000000091" /> <Point X="2002.0" Y="860.0" GraphRef="b7648" RelX="-0.018867924528301886" RelY="1.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1655443" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="ed378"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1847.0" Y="691.0" GraphRef="f4d3b" RelX="0.9682539682539683" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="1815.0" Y="730.0" GraphRef="e3f6b" RelX="4.0" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="mim-catalysis" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1655453" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="ed5da"> <Comment Source="Reactome">Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) produced endogenously has been established as the third gaseous signaling molecule, a smooth muscle relaxant and a neuroprotectant (Kimura 2011a, 2011b). Three enzyme systems produce H2S in the brain, retina and vascular endothelial cells (Shibuya et al. 2009a, 2009b, Mikami et al. 2011). 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase (MPST, aka 3MST) in conjunction with cysteine (aspartate) aminotransferase (CAT, aka GOT2) is decribed here. In the second step, 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST aka 3MST) mediates the transfer of a sulfur atom from 3-methylpryuvate (3MPYR) to hydrogensulfite (HSO3-) to form thiosulfate (S2O3(2-)) and pyruvate (PYR) (Yadav et al. 2013). </Comment> <BiopaxRef>d4a</BiopaxRef> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="2255.0" Y="145.0" /> <Point X="2151.0" Y="145.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="d0179" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="dfef1" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="e3b0d" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-9012721" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="ed702"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1242.0" Y="458.0" GraphRef="ef06c" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.7400000000000091" /> <Point X="1190.0" Y="604.0" GraphRef="aba37" RelX="-0.018867924528301886" RelY="-1.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-174401" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="edb2e"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1855.0" Y="930.0" GraphRef="b33e4" RelX="1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="1858.0" Y="929.0" GraphRef="f6b58" RelX="0.0" RelY="0.0" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-6814165" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="edcfd"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="574.0" Y="429.0" GraphRef="e1e94" RelX="0.974025974025974" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="625.0" Y="430.0" GraphRef="cbbb0" RelX="0.0" RelY="1.0" ArrowHead="mim-catalysis" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1237119" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="edd80"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1453.0" Y="204.0" GraphRef="d1b5d" RelX="0.0" RelY="-0.009999999999990905" /> <Point X="1312.0" Y="237.0" GraphRef="d1ef1" RelX="0.971830985915493" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614546" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="edf79"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="2401.0" Y="145.0" GraphRef="ab1ae" RelX="-0.6900000000000546" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="2354.0" Y="146.0" GraphRef="a76c8" RelX="0.9701492537313433" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="Arrow" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-9012597" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="ee220"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1573.0" Y="289.0" GraphRef="d00bf" RelX="1.0" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="1603.0" Y="290.0" GraphRef="d0023" RelX="-16.0" RelY="31.5" ArrowHead="mim-catalysis" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-1614544" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="ee64c"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="2225.0" Y="200.0" GraphRef="ed4db" RelX="0.0" RelY="-1.0" /> <Point X="2167.0" Y="131.0" GraphRef="e2689" RelX="-20.5" RelY="0.0" ArrowHead="mim-catalysis" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-9034756" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="eee49"> <Comment Source="Reactome">Cyanide is a potent metabolic poison, a major component of which is binding to and inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase (cytochrome a3), resulting in the rapid inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (Hall &amp; Rumack 1986). As a result, cells can't utilise oxygen, giving rise to central nervous system, cardiovascular and respiratory dysfunction that can result in permanent neurological defects and, in severe cases, death. At body's pH, cyanide exists mainly in the undissociated form hydrogen cyanide (HCN) which can cross cellular and subcellular membranes such as the blood brain barrier and mitochondrial membranes. Cyanide intoxication can occur after smoke inhalation, industrial exposure, ingestion of cyanogenic substances and cyanogenic food sources such as cassava. Antidotes for HCN poisoning cases include HCN binders, sulfur donors that convert HCN to the less toxic thiosulfate and competitors for HCN enzymatic binding sites such as NO (Petrikovics et al. 2015).&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Two pathways in mammals are able to detoxify cyanide as thiocyanate via transfer of a sulfur atom: thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (TST aka rhodanese) in mitochondria and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST aka 3MST) in cytosol and mitochondria. TST can act to detoxify HCN by transsulfuration, that is mediating the transfer of a sulfur atom from thiosulfate (S2O3(2-)) to HCN to form the less toxic thiocyanic acid (HSCN) (Himwich &amp; Saunders 1948, Aita et al. 1997, Zottola 2009). HSCN can be excreted in urine via the kidneys (Hamel 2011).</Comment> <BiopaxRef>b6b</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>fed</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>a35</BiopaxRef> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="2145.0" Y="317.0" /> <Point X="2145.0" Y="404.0" /> <Anchor Position="0.0" Shape="None" GraphId="cac8b" /> <Anchor Position="0.99" Shape="None" GraphId="eebd8" /> <Anchor Position="0.5" Shape="None" GraphId="f10b5" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-9013198" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="eef01"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point X="1213.0" Y="419.0" GraphRef="f78d0" RelX="0.978021978021978" RelY="0.0" /> <Point X="1242.0" Y="417.0" GraphRef="ebc98" RelX="0.0" RelY="-4.0" ArrowHead="mim-catalysis" /> </Graphics> <Xref Database="Reactome" ID="R-HSA-174401" /> </Interaction> <Interaction GraphId="ef377"> <Graphics ConnectorType="Segmented" ZOrder="12288" LineThickness="1.0"> <Point 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<bp:Ontology xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Pathway Ontology</bp:Ontology> </bp:openControlledVocabulary> </Biopax> </Pathway>

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