Nucleotide Excision Repair (Homo sapiens)

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14, 24, 62, 85, 91...5152, 1027033, 72, 73, 80, 88...42, 5271, 8128, 32, 79, 8219, 31, 34, 50, 67...4, 7, 41, 74, 9552541, 3, 5, 13, 17...49, 61, 64, 9716, 55, 58516, 45, 46, 6537, 7552, 57, 90, 102778, 7542, 52, 5737, 75771512, 71, 81, 10136, 48, 50, 53, 68...2, 4, 10, 18, 38...52, 1026, 9, 30, 38, 45...21, 34, 3521, 34, 3570, 97, 10052, 57, 90, 1027, 23, 26, 27, 41...33, 72-74, 80...52nucleoplasmRFC5 Ub-291-UBC(229-304) POLD2 UBC(1-76) UBC(153-228) damaged DNA with open bubble structure GTF2H1 UBC(609-684) CCNH UBC(305-380) dNTPXAB2 POLR2H Ub-215-UBC(153-228) UBC(609-684) UBC(305-380) POLR2F MonoUb-K164-PCNA POLR2L RPS27A(1-76) CUL4A CUL4A RBX1 POLE3 UBC(533-608) POLE4 POLE4 POLR2I RFC3 POLR2G PPiUBC(77-152) UBC(457-532) POLR2F UBC(381-456) UBC(77-152) PPIE RPA2 Ub,p-S2,S5-POLR2A POLE4 GTF2H3 PAR-PARP2 UBB(153-228) POLR2L CUL4B COPS2 UBC(229-304) POLR2F GTF2H1 XPA RPS27A(1-76) GTF2H2 RFC1 DDB1 POLR2E USP7 POLR2H Ubiquitinated,hyperphosphorylated RNA Pol II:Damaged DNA template:nascent mRNA hybrid:TFIIH:Ub:ERCC6:ERCC8:DDB1:CUL4:RBX1:UVSSA:USP7:XAB2 complex:XPA:TCEA1:HMGN1:EP300DDB1 CUL4B UBC(381-456) RBX1 POLR2G UBC(153-228) POLD4 CUL4B CDK7 CUL4A POLD3 UBB(77-152) COPS5 UBB(153-228) DDB1 RPA3 UBC(305-380) ERCC1 RPA1 UBB(77-152) RPA1 HMGN1TCEA1 GTF2H3 RBX1 UBC(1-76) UBB(77-152) UBB(77-152) UBC(229-304) UBC(1-76) UBA52(1-76) UBC(229-304) UBC(153-228) UBC(229-304) PAR-DDB2 ERCC2 CUL4B RBX1 POLR2K UBC(609-684) UBC(381-456) UVSSA MonoUb-K164-PCNA RFC3 RPS27A(1-76) POLR2D ERCC8 PAR-PARP1 UBC(153-228) POLR2D XAB2 GTF2H4 TCEA1 RPA3 UBC(1-76) UBC(609-684) UV-DDB:COP9SignalosomeRBX1 UBC(229-304) UBB(77-152) DDB1 UVSSA ERCC8 COPS4 CDK7 ERCC6 CUL4A GTF2H2 AQR POLR2F UBB(1-76) POLD2 UBB(77-152) PPIE ERCC8 CUL4A RBX1 RAD23B GTF2H4 POLR2L UBC(457-532) TC-NERpre-incisioncomplex:OpenbubbledamagedDNAtemplate:RPA:ERCC5:trimmed nascent mRNAUBB(153-228) INO80C UBC(77-152) UBC(305-380) DDB1 UBA52(1-76) UBB(1-76) EP300 ERCC2 UBC(457-532) CUL4B CHD1L EP300 CUL4A USP7 UBC(153-228) UBC(457-532) CHD1L UBC(609-684) GTF2H3 UBC(457-532) UBC(305-380) AQR POLD2 ERCC2 ERCC3 POLR2E ERCC2 POLR2E RPA2 ERCC3 UBA52(1-76) UBC(153-228) UBC(1-76) POLR2J POLR2B dsDNANFRKB POLR2I CUL4B PAR-PARP1 CETN2 SSB-dsDNA UBC(305-380) UBB(77-152) POLR2E UBC(457-532) PIAS3 EP300 Ub-443-UBC(381-456) CDK7 GTF2H1 POLR2E GTF2H2 RPS27A(1-76) ERCC2 ERCC3 UBC(77-152) POLR2B UBC(533-608) MNAT1 POLR2F POLR2H DDB1 UBC(77-152) RPS27A(1-76) POLR2D RPS27A(1-76) UBC(229-304) UBB(1-76) RFC3 RPA2 USP7 UBC(229-304) Ub-139-UBC(77-152) CETN2 UBC(1-76) UBC(77-152) Openbubble-dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH Core:XPA:PAR-PARP1, PAR-PARP2:CHD1LUBC(533-608) Ub-215-UBC(153-228) RPA3 UBC(381-456) POLR2I CHD1LUBC(381-456) UBC(1-76) PPIE UBC(457-532) UBC(1-76) UBA52(1-76) UBA52(1-76) GTF2H4 CETN2 RFC4 UBC(1-76) UBA52(1-76) ISY1 UBC(381-456) POLR2D LIG1,LIG3:XRCC1RBX1 CDK7 UBC(229-304) UBC(457-532) UBC(77-152) RPS27A(1-76) UBC(457-532) TCEA1 UBE2V2 HMGN1 Ub-ERCC1 POLR2C UBC(153-228) GG-NER pre-incisioncomplex:Openbubble-dsDNAPOLR2G CUL4B UBB(1-76) POLR2C HMGN1 GTF2H3 Damaged dsDNA with open transcription bubble XPA GTF2H2 POLR2J RPA2 RPA1 COPS3 RBX1 UBA52(1-76) UBC(457-532) GTF2H4 UBB(77-152) AQR UBC(533-608) GTF2H3 EP300 UBC(305-380) POLR2J RFC3 ribonucleosidetriphosphateERCC3 UBB(1-76) POLD3 Ub-63-UBA52(1-76) PIAS1,3Ub,SUMO,K63polyUb-XPC Ub-595-UBC(533-608) POLD1 UBB(77-152) Ub,SUMO,K63polyUb:XPC:RAD23:CETN2RPA2 UBC(77-152) p-S2,S5-POLR2A RPA3 PAR-PARP2 GTF2H2 Distorted dsDNA GTF2H4 CDK7 CUL4B POLR2K ZNF830 AQR Ub:ERCC1RPS27A(1-76) UBC(77-152) CUL4B AQR GTF2H4 Ub,p-S2,S5-POLR2A RFC2 SUMO3 ZNF830 Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Open bubble-dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH Core:XPA:PAR-PARP1,PAR-PARP2:CHD1LUBC(153-228) UBC(77-152) GTF2H4 AQR XPA UBB(1-76) RBX1 UBC(457-532) Ub-671-UBC(609-684) ERCC6 RFC2 UBC(533-608) XAB2 CUL4A UBC(533-608) POLR2J UBA52(1-76) POLR2H ERCC2 RAD23B PCNA POLE2 CUL4A COPS7B POLR2L POLR2E POLR2B RPA3 POLR2G GTF2H5 POLE2 UBC(229-304) RPA2 ERCC3 Distorted dsDNA MNAT1 POLR2E POLR2L Ub-63-UBA52(1-76) UBC(609-684) UBC(229-304) UBC(533-608) RPA1 UBC(77-152) POLK PPIE UBC(229-304) RUVBL1 ERCC2 RAD23A CUL4A POLR2C Ub-ERCC6 RNA Polymerase IIholoenzyme complex(unphosphorylated)CCNH (PCNA:POLD,POLE),(MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFC:Incised DNA without lesionGTF2H4 UBC(153-228) TCEA1 ERCC6 CETN2 ERCC1 UBC(381-456) CCNH POLR2K PAR-PARP2 UBB(77-152) UBB(1-76) UBC(381-456) CUL4A MCRS1 RBX1 RFC HeteropentamerRPA3 AQR Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:PAR-PARP1,PAR-PARP2SUMO1,2,3:UBE2ICOPS3 RPS27A(1-76) ERCC1 POLR2L GTF2H4 ERCC8 CUL4B UBB(153-228) p-S2,S5-POLR2A UBB(77-152) ERCC8 MonoUb-K164-PCNA CUL4A CETN2 GTF2H1 CUL4A UBC(1-76) COPS6 POLR2F UbRAD23B RAD23A GTF2H5 RPS27A(1-76) RAD23A CETN2 GTF2H2 UBC(229-304) COPS6 POLR2G UBB(153-228) UBB(153-228) ISY1 POLR2K UBC(153-228) (PCNA:POLD,POLE),(MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFC:SSB-dsDNADistorted dsDNARFC4 POLR2F UBC(77-152) Distorted dsDNA RPA1 POLK POLR2L UBA52(1-76) TCEA1Distorted dsDNA GTF2H3 Ub,p-S2,S5-POLR2A UBC(381-456) RPS27A(1-76) POLR2C GTF2H4 POLR2B CUL4A POLE3 UBC(305-380) UBC(77-152) DDB1 RFC5 GTF2H4 CETN2INO80 GTF2H4 UBB(1-76) POLR2K UBB(153-228) UBC(1-76) GTF2H5 POLR2J RBX1 RBX1 ERCC8:DDB1:CUL4:RBX1UBC(533-608) GTF2H2 GG-NER incisioncomplex:5'-inciseddamaged DNAPOLR2D CCNH UBC(1-76) RAD23PRPF19 UBC(229-304) UBA52(1-76) RFC5 GTF2H1 UBA52(1-76) ERCC2 UBC(457-532) CETN2 RBX1 TCEA1 POLR2I CUL4A XAB2 POLR2L PAR-PARP2 RFC4 POLR2G UBA52(1-76) POLD1 UBC(533-608) POLR2C CUL4B RBX1 HyperphosphorylatedRNA Pol II:DamagedDNAtemplate:nascentmRNA hybrid:TFIIHUBB(1-76) POLR2B UBC(1-76) UBC(381-456) TC-NER pre-incisioncomplexUBC(229-304) POLK UBB(153-228) RBX1 RFC1 ZNF830 ERCC2 UBC(153-228) UBC(609-684) PPIE USP7 UBC(153-228) DDB2 SUMO1 DDB1 MonoUb-K164-PCNA UBB(77-152) CHD1L UBC(609-684) damaged DNA with open bubble structure POLR2G RBX1 GTF2H5 POLD1 UBB(1-76) GTF2H1 HMGN1 POLR2J UBC(229-304) UBB(1-76) UBC(609-684) CUL4B damaged DNA with 5' incision RFC5 DamageddsDNAwithopentranscriptionbubble:Hyperphosphorylated RNA Pol II:TFIIHXAB2 complexGTF2H1 RPA3 GPS1 GTF2H4 POLD1 COPS8 Ub,p-S2,S5-POLR2A CDK7 MonoUb-K164-PCNA PARP1,PARP2 dimersUb-XPC POLR2C POLR2F Ub-215-UBB(153-228) DDB2 PAR-PARP1,PAR-PARP2dimersPOLD4 DDB1 UBC(381-456) ZNF830 ERCC6 PAR-DDB2 Ub-139-UBB(77-152) HyperphosphorylatedRNAPolII:DamagedDNAtemplate:nascentmRNAhybrid:TFIIH:ERCC6:ERCC8:DDB1:CUL4:RBX1POLR2B UBC(533-608) Ub-63-UBB(1-76) RPA3 GTF2H4 dsDNA with transcription bubble POLR2J UBC(457-532) RBX1 HMGN1 UBC(77-152) LIG1 UBC(1-76) COPS2 POLR2F Ub,SUMO:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Open bubble-dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH Core:XPA:PAR-PARP1, PAR-PARP2:CHD1LGTF2H3 UBC(77-152) GTF2H1 PAR-PARP1 PAR-PARP1 UBC(457-532) PAR-PARP2 ERCC5GTF2H1 damaged DNA substrate:nascent mRNA hybrid TC-NERpost-incisioncomplex:incisedDNAwithoutlesion:trimmednascentmRNA:PCNA:(PCNA:POLD,POLE),(MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFCRPA2 UBC(77-152) RPS27A(1-76) Distorted dsDNA UBB(77-152) Ub-443-UBC(381-456) Ub,p-S2,S5-POLR2A UBC(229-304) UBC(381-456) RBX1 CCNH XPA ERCC4 UBC(381-456) Ub-XPC PAR-PARP1 UBC(1-76) UBB(77-152) GTF2H5 UBB(1-76) XAB2 RFC4 CUL4A UBC(457-532) UBC(229-304) PPIE GTF2H5 HyperphosphorylatedRNA Pol II:DamagedDNAtemplate:nascentmRNAhybrid:TFIIH:ERCC6UBC(457-532) RAD23B UBC(381-456) POLR2B GTF2H2 UBC(381-456) CUL4B UBC(609-684) GTF2H5 damaged DNA substrate:nascent mRNA hybrid POLE3 POLE UBC(457-532) PPiUBC(457-532) UBC(305-380) ISY1 GTF2H5 POLR2I POLR2I POLR2G UBC(1-76) ISY1 Ub-63-UBC(1-76) GTF2H1 POLR2E EP300 ISY1 CDK7 UBC(153-228) 5'-incised damaged DNA:trimmed nascent mRNA SUMO3 RPA1 RAD23B UBC(305-380) UBA52(1-76) PCNAhomotrimer,MonoUb:K164-PCNA homotrimerUBC(305-380) CUL4B POLR2B DDB1 GTF2H5 PCNA RBX1 POLR2J POLR2C ERCC2 CDK7 RPA2 UBC(457-532) POLR2H MNAT1 GTF2H1 POLR2K POLR2H PAR-PARP1 Ub-595-UBC(533-608) POLD2 ERCC5 UBC(1-76) POLR2L GTF2H2 RBX1 UBC(77-152) POLR2B GTF2H5 RFC5 UBC(1-76) UBC(609-684) PRPF19 POLD1 TC-NER incisioncomplex:5'-inciseddamaged DNA:trimmednascent mRNARFC2 DDB1 POLR2D PiUb,p-S2,S5-POLR2A POLR2H POLR2K POLR2H RPA1 UBC(153-228) UBA52(1-76) POLR2D UBC(77-152) ERCC6 UBE2I-G92-SUMO3 USP7 GTF2H1 RFC2 UBC(533-608) POLD2 POLR2K UBC(381-456) UBB(1-76) UBC(533-608) ERCC3 GTF2H3 ERCC5 POLR2I Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:UV-DDB:PARP1,PARP2ERCC2 ERCC2 DDB1 GTF2H2 UBC(229-304) (PCNA:POLD,POLE),(MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFCXPA Ub-XPC UBC(305-380) RFC3 UBC(1-76) UBA52(1-76) UBC(305-380) UBC(229-304) RPS27A(1-76) UBB(1-76) UBC(609-684) RAD23B UBA52(1-76) UBB(1-76) UBC(457-532) POLR2B POLR2J POLR2D XPCADPUBC(1-76) POLR2L CUL4B Ub-139-UBC(77-152) p-S2,S5-POLR2A UBE2IPRPF19 Ub,p-S2,S5-POLR2A HMGN1 ERCC8 UBC(1-76) UBC(533-608) GTF2H5 ERCC3 UBB(77-152) CUL4B RFC4 ERCC3 RPS27A(1-76) XPA GTF2H2 EP300UBB(153-228) TC-NERpost-incisioncomplex:SSB-dsDNA:trimmed nascent mRNA: (PCNA:POLD,POLE), (MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFCPOLR2H CUL4A RAD23A PRPF19 UBC(533-608) POLR2I UBB(77-152) PIAS1 PRPF19 PAR-DDB2 POLR2G ZNF830 UBB(1-76) ERCC3 POLE4 UBA52(1-76) ERCC1 UBB(1-76) UBB(153-228) POLE2 ADPCOPS8 ERCC2 UBC(77-152) MNAT1 SUMO2 UBC(305-380) CCNH GTF2H1 RPS27A(1-76) UBC(77-152) UBB(153-228) DDB1 PAR-PARP2 UBC(305-380) POLR2F CUL4A ERCC3 XPA POLD1 EP300 DDB1 UBC(1-76) POLR2C UBB(153-228) UBC(533-608) UbUBC(381-456) GTF2H5 UBB(77-152) UBC(153-228) RAD23A XPA ERCC2 ERCC2 RAD23B POLR2C UBC(457-532) PPIE XRCC1 UBB(77-152) ERCC4POLD3 PCNA UBC(609-684) UBC(229-304) RPS27A(1-76) POLD3 UBC(457-532) ERCC2 GTF2H4 UBB(1-76) ACTB(1-375) UBC(229-304) UBC(381-456) HMGN1 COPS3 RPA3 POLR2G GTF2H3 DDB1 GTF2H2 UBC(457-532) POLR2H CCNH UBC(381-456) POLE4 UBB(1-76) Distorted dsDNA UBC(609-684) GTF2H4 RPS27A(1-76) UBC(153-228) ISY1 XAB2 PRPF19 UBC(381-456) POLE2 POLR2J ACTR5 POLR2G UBC(305-380) GTF2H2 UBB(77-152) GTF2H4 ISY1 CUL4B CUL4A NAMCDK7 CUL4B INO80D CCNH POLR2I UBC(1-76) CCNH UBC(533-608) UBE2I-G97-SUMO1 COPS4 UBB(77-152) RPA1 ERCC1POLD1 RBX1 UBB(1-76) PARP1 UBC(381-456) UBC(533-608) UBB(1-76) ERCC6 GTF2H5 GTF2H3 GTF2H2 ISY1 CUL4B POLR2D UBB(1-76) GTF2H1 PCNA GTF2H1 ERCC4 GTF2H2 MNAT1 CUL4B UVSSA GTF2H1 Ub-63-UBC(1-76) ERCC3 UBB(1-76) UBC(229-304) POLE POLR2G EP300 GTF2H4 UBA52(1-76) POLD4 ISY1 MonoUb-K164-PCNA UBB(153-228) TC-NER post-incisioncomplex:dsDNA withtranscriptionbubbleTCEA1 UBC(229-304) PAR-DDB2 Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH Core:XPA:PAR-PARP1,PAR-PARP2:CHD1LPPiPPIE POLR2G CUL4A RPS27A(1-76) COPS5 PPIE POLE damaged DNA substrate:nascent mRNA hybrid POLR2G ATPRPS27A(1-76) CCNH XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:UV-DDBGTF2H5 UBC(229-304) ERCC1 UBC(381-456) CHD1L GTF2H4 UBC(609-684) ERCC6 PCNA POLD,POLE RPA2 POLE3 UBC(77-152) mRNAUBC(153-228) UVSSA CUL4B ERCC6 CUL4B ERCC3 UBB(153-228) ERCC2 Ub:ERCC6Ub-63-RPS27A(1-76) Ub,p-S2,S5-POLR2A ZNF830 UBC(609-684) RPS27A(1-76) CDK7 POLR2E UBC(381-456) GTF2H1 COPS5 damaged DNA with open bubble structure p-S2,S5-POLR2A GTF2H4 ERCC4 POLR2H PAR-PARP2 DDB1 POLR2A POLR2C Ub-63-UBB(1-76) ERCC8 UBB(77-152) UBC(229-304) UBC(609-684) POLR2H ACTR8 POLR2J POLR2G UBC(1-76) H2ORBX1 damaged DNA with open bubble structure POLR2E UVSSA TCEA1 ERCC8:DDB1:CUL4:RBX1:COP9 SignalosomeGTF2H2 UBC(381-456) POLR2B RFC4 RFC1 RAD23B UbCDK7 POLR2I ERCC5 RBX1 POLR2J RPA1 SUMO1 POLE4 CDK7 TC-NERincisioncomplex:5'-inciseddamagedDNA:trimmednascentmRNA:(PCNA:POLD,POLE), (MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFCLIG3 ERCC2 ERCC3 UBC(533-608) UBC(77-152) UBC(305-380) GPS1 POLD3 UBC(153-228) Ub-XPC UBC(305-380) GTF2H2 UBC(609-684) PRPF19 Open bubble damaged DNA template:trimmed nascent mRNA RPA3 ERCC3 TCEA1 CUL4B GTF2H1 UBC(77-152) CUL4B CHD1L UBC(609-684) POLR2H ERCC5 XPA RFC2 ERCC3 UBC(153-228) UBB(77-152) POLR2K PAR-DDB2 DDB1 RAD23A GTF2H3 COPS4 UBC(305-380) TFPT POLE3 CUL4A UBC(533-608) ERCC3 SUMO2-C93-UBE2I RFC1 GTF2H4 HMGN1 USP7 GTF2H3 RPS27A(1-76) USP45UBC(77-152) MNAT1 UBA52(1-76) INO80 complexRFC1 UBC(457-532) UBA52(1-76) GTF2H5 RPA2 PAR-PARP1 ERCC6 UBB(153-228) XPC Ub-ERCC6 UBC(305-380) RPA1 GTF2H1 POLK ERCC3 UBC(609-684) UBC(77-152) Ub-XPC UBC(305-380) NAD+DDB1 USP7 GTF2H3 XPA UBC(457-532) UBC(153-228) ZNF830 UBC(533-608) UBC(533-608) POLK CUL4A GTF2H5 UBC(153-228) RFC5 RAD23B ERCC8 ERCC6UBC(533-608) GTF2H3 ZNF830 DDB1 UBC(381-456) RAD23A UBB(153-228) RPA2 DDB1 ERCC3 UBC(533-608) CUL4A UBB(77-152) DDB1 GTF2H1 PAR-DDB2 RPS27A(1-76) RPA3 UBC(609-684) CDK7 GTF2H3 RAD23A ERCC4 POLR2F POLR2B GTF2H3 POLR2I UBC(77-152) UBB(153-228) PAR-PARP2 UBC(533-608) p-S2,S5-POLR2A UVSSA CCNH POLD4 GPS1 GTF2H5 POLR2I MNAT1 COPS7A COPS6 UBB(153-228) RFC3 UBB(1-76) GTF2H5 ERCC8 POLR2H ERCC2 DDB1 UBC(533-608) MNAT1 UBC(153-228) DDB1 UBC(305-380) Ub-XPC ERCC8 UVSSA POLR2K UBB(153-228) RBX1 POLR2K GTF2H5 UBC(77-152) UBC(533-608) UBC(609-684) UBC(153-228) POLR2D UBA52(1-76) GTF2H3 UBC(533-608) POLR2D UBB(153-228) POLR2H Open bubble damaged DNA template:trimmed nascent mRNA ERCC3 POLR2C POLD3 AQR POLR2J RPA3 TC-NER pre-incisioncomplex:Open bubbledamaged DNAtemplate:trimmednascent mRNAGTF2H3 POLR2D GTF2H2 RPS27A(1-76) UBC(1-76) RPS27A(1-76) UBB(153-228) UBE2N:UBE2V2PAR-UV-DDBCDK7 GTF2H3 UBC(305-380) RBX1 K63polyUb-C87-UBE2N GG-NERincisioncomplex:5'-inciseddamagedDNA:(PCNA:POLD,POLE),(MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFCUBB(153-228) PAR-DDB2 UBC(229-304) TFIIH CorePAR-PARP1 POLR2K POLD2 MNAT1 RAD23B UBC(305-380) UBB(153-228) CCNH POLR2H ERCC2 UBA52(1-76) DDB1 UBC(305-380) RAD23A POLD2 USP7 ERCC3 Ub-671-UBC(609-684) Distorted dsDNA ERCC2 XAB2 ERCC2 POLR2L RPA3 PPIE POLR2E POLR2E RFC1 CHD1L POLR2K GTF2H2 RBX1 POLR2E UBB(1-76) COPS7A H2OUBE2V2 GTF2H2 UBC(609-684) RPA1 POLR2L GTF2H2 POLR2L UBC(229-304) UBC(381-456) POLE POLK ZNF830 PAR-DDB2 MonoUb-K164-PCNA POLR2J CDK7 UBC(229-304) UBC(609-684) incised DNA without lesion UBC(153-228) UBA52(1-76) GG-NER incisioncomplex:Open bubbledsDNAUb:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH Core:XPA:PAR-PARP1,PAR-PARP2UBC(305-380) UBC(457-532) UBB(1-76) RPS27A(1-76) UBC(77-152) DDB1 UBC(609-684) UBB(153-228) DDB1 UBB(1-76) POLR2B POLR2F RPA1 CUL4B Ub,p-S2,S5-POLR2A RPA2 ERCC3 PAR-PARP2 GTF2H5 POLR2D POLR2C CHD1L Ub-ERCC6 ERCC2 UBC(77-152) TC-NER incisioncomplexGTF2H2 MNAT1 Ubiquitinated,hyperphosphorylated RNA Pol II:Damaged DNA template:nascent mRNA hybrid:TFIIH:Ub:ERCC6:ERCC8:DDB1:CUL4:RBX1EP300 UBC(153-228) POLR2D POLR2F UVSSA UBC(457-532) GTF2H3 POLR2G ERCC6 CUL4B POLR2D CUL4B XAB2 Ub-291-UBC(229-304) PARP2 GTF2H3 DDB1 GTF2H5 TCEA1 damaged DNA substrate:nascent mRNA hybrid GTF2H3 ERCC2 HMGN1 PRPF19 POLE2 ERCC5 RPA2 GTF2H5 Ub-215-UBB(153-228) UBC(381-456) CETN2 RPA2 UBC(1-76) GTF2H3 ELLXPA Ub-367-UBC(305-380) SUMO3-C93-UBE2I XAB2 UBC(609-684) ERCC3 PCNA CUL4A POLR2F UBE2I-G93-SUMO2 ERCC5 XPA ERCC5 UBB(1-76) UBC(229-304) PAR-DDB2 UBC(229-304) Ub,p-S2,S5-POLR2A RFC3 GTF2H5 GTF2H4 Ub-519-UBC(457-532) RBX1 PRPF19 PAR-PARP1 RPS27A(1-76) POLE MNAT1 PARP1 COPS2 UBC(533-608) ERCC2 UBC(305-380) RPS27A(1-76) GTF2H1 GTF2H1 POLR2K POLE3 POLR2I PRPF19 UBB(153-228) RPS27A(1-76) UBB(153-228) UbRAD23A PCNA CDK7 UVSSA POLD4 SUMO2 GTF2H5 POLR2H POLR2F RFC1 XPC UBC(153-228) excised DNA fragmentwith lesionGTF2H1 UBC(381-456) CETN2 COP9 signalosomeCOPS7B UBC(153-228) CUL4A UBC(533-608) damaged DNA with open bubble structure POLR2E GTF2H2 PPIE CUL4A POLE PRPF19 damaged DNA with 5' incision UBB(1-76) POLR2E CUL4B POLR2C GTF2H4 ERCC1 CCNH Ub-519-UBC(457-532) UBB(77-152) AQR PARP2 ZNF830 UVSSA:USP7RBX1 GTF2H1 POLR2J POLR2D ERCC5 GTF2H3 ERCC3 POLR2F UBC(1-76) POLR2L ATPERCC4 UBC(153-228) PAR-PARP1 POLR2B UBA52(1-76) EP300 RPA1 GTF2H3 UBC(77-152) RFC2 PAR-PARP2 UBB(153-228) UBB(153-228) RFC4 PCNA RFC2 XPAUSP7 RPS27A(1-76) COPS7B XPA UBC(153-228) POLR2C CCNH UBB(1-76) UBA52(1-76) CUL4A PAR-PARP2 MNAT1 POLR2L POLD4 AQR POLR2E Ub-139-UBB(77-152) POLK UBC(1-76) RPS27A(1-76) RBX1 ERCC1 UBE2N UBC(381-456) UBC(1-76) UBB(77-152) CCNH ERCC2 UBC(457-532) Ub-63-RPS27A(1-76) GTF2H4 MNAT1 UBC(153-228) UBA52(1-76) POLD3 UBC(609-684) RPA1 damaged DNA substrate:nascent mRNA hybrid UVSSA damaged DNA substrate:nascent mRNA hybrid COPS7A RBX1 GTF2H1 POLR2F POLR2E UBA52(1-76) incised DNA without lesion:trimmed nascent mRNA TFIIHERCC1:ERCC4ERCC8 GTF2H5 UBB(77-152) INO80E GTF2H5 RFC5 UBC(533-608) UBB(1-76) ERCC3 POLR2I GTF2H2 POLE2 UBB(77-152) PAR-PARP1 POLR2L CUL4A POLR2L GTF2H2 RNF111CAKEP300 UBB(153-228) PiCOPS8 CCNH ERCC3 ERCC4 CUL4B PAR-DDB2 RPA3 MNAT1 DDB2 UBC(229-304) UBC(305-380) Open bubble damaged DNA template:trimmed nascent mRNA ERCC8 POLK UBC(609-684) UBC(609-684) UBC(305-380) XPA PAR-DDB2 DDB2 POLR2I RAD23A POLE2 POLR2B RFC2 CCNH XPA POLR2B CETN2 RFC5 MNAT1 UBB(77-152) GTF2H1 GTF2H4 UBC(533-608) RAD23A USP7 POLR2C UBC(1-76) POLE3 ERCC8 GTF2H2 HMGN1 PAR-PARP2 Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH:PAR-PARP1,PAR-PARP2GTF2H3 UBC(457-532) UBB(77-152) ZNF830 Ub,p-S2,S5-POLR2A PAR-PARP1 CUL4B DDB1 MNAT1 YY1 INO80B UBB(77-152) GTF2H5 UBA52(1-76) UBC(381-456) SUMO1-C93-UBE2I POLR2K POLR2C UBC(305-380) XPC:RAD23:CETN2USP7 GTF2H4 CCNH PAR-DDB2 AQR POLR2K dNTPUBC(381-456) RAD23B POLR2D MonoUb-K164-PCNA MNAT1 CUL4A GTF2H4 Ub,SUMO-XPC RAD23B RPA heterotrimerTCEA1 UBC(77-152) GTF2H3 UBB(77-152) CUL4A UBC(457-532) UBC(609-684) UBC(1-76) XPA UBC(609-684) ISY1 ERCC6 UBC(153-228) RFC1 POLR2K CHD1L XAB2 Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:UV-DDBUb-367-UBC(305-380) DDB1 POLE GTF2H2 RFC3 POLR2G POLD4 ACTL6A ERCC8 POLD,POLE,POLKPOLR2C UBA52(1-76) CDK7 POLE4 ERCC2 UBC(457-532) POLR2J MNAT1 RNAPolymeraseIIholoenzymecomplex(hyperphosphorylated)K63polyUb:C87-UBE2N:UBE2V2GTF2H1 RPS27A(1-76) CUL4A POLR2J UBB(153-228) ERCC3 CETN2 RFC4 POLR2I HMGN1 UBA52(1-76) POLR2I ISY1 UBB(153-228) SSB-dsDNA:trimmed nascent mRNA UBA52(1-76) ERCC4 DDB1 Ub-XPC POLR2B 5'-incised damaged DNA:trimmed nascent mRNA CDK7 XAB2 UBC(305-380) UVSSA ERCC3 393929112934292929293929292029292929292929522929292929292920, 222920, 2229202929443929292929202929292929292920, 22292919, 69, 8660292929392929292929292929962929293429292929292919, 53, 69, 8629


Description

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) was first described in the model organism E. coli in the early 1960s as a process whereby bulky base damage is enzymatically removed from DNA, facilitating the recovery of DNA synthesis and cell survival. Deficient NER processes have been identified from the cells of cancer-prone patients with different variants of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), trichothiodystrophy (TTD), and Cockayne's syndrome. The XP cells exhibit an ultraviolet radiation hypersensitivity that leads to a hypermutability response to UV, offering a direct connection between deficient NER, increased mutation rate, and cancer. While the NER pathway in prokaryotes is unique, the pathway utilized in yeast and higher eukaryotes is highly conserved.
NER is involved in the repair of bulky adducts in DNA, such as UV-induced photo lesions (both 6-4 photoproducts (6-4 PPDs) and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs)), as well as chemical adducts formed from exposure to aflatoxin, benzopyrene and other genotoxic agents. Specific proteins have been identified that participate in base damage recognition, cleavage of the damaged strand on both sides of the lesion, and excision of the oligonucleotide bearing the lesion. Reparative DNA synthesis and ligation restore the strand to its original state.
NER consists of two related pathways called global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER) and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER). The pathways differ in the way in which DNA damage is initially recognized, but the majority of the participating molecules are shared between these two branches of NER. GG-NER is transcription-independent, removing lesions from non-coding DNA strands, as well as coding DNA strands that are not being actively transcribed. TC-NER repairs damage in transcribed strands of active genes.
Several of the proteins involved in NER are key components of the basal transcription complex TFIIH. An ubiquitin ligase complex composed of DDB1, CUL4A or CUL4B and RBX1 participates in both GG-NER and TC-NER, implying an important role of ubiquitination in NER regulation. The establishment of mutant mouse models for NER genes and other DNA repair-related genes has been useful in demonstrating the associations between NER defects and cancer.
For past and recent reviews of nucleotide excision repair, please refer to Lindahl and Wood 1998, Friedberg et al. 2002, Christmann et al. 2003, Hanawalt and Spivak 2008, Marteijn et al. 2014). View original pathway at:Reactome.

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Reactome-Converter 
Pathway is converted from Reactome ID: 5696398
Reactome-version 
Reactome version: 66
Reactome Author 
Reactome Author: Hoeijmakers, Jan H J

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Bibliography

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  75. Perez-Oliva AB, Lachaud C, Szyniarowski P, Muñoz I, Macartney T, Hickson I, Rouse J, Alessi DR.; ''USP45 deubiquitylase controls ERCC1-XPF endonuclease-mediated DNA damage responses.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  76. Kamitani T, Kito K, Nguyen HP, Fukuda-Kamitani T, Yeh ET.; ''Characterization of a second member of the sentrin family of ubiquitin-like proteins.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  77. Nakazawa Y, Sasaki K, Mitsutake N, Matsuse M, Shimada M, Nardo T, Takahashi Y, Ohyama K, Ito K, Mishima H, Nomura M, Kinoshita A, Ono S, Takenaka K, Masuyama R, Kudo T, Slor H, Utani A, Tateishi S, Yamashita S, Stefanini M, Lehmann AR, Yoshiura K, Ogi T.; ''Mutations in UVSSA cause UV-sensitive syndrome and impair RNA polymerase IIo processing in transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  78. Wittschieben BØ, Iwai S, Wood RD.; ''DDB1-DDB2 (xeroderma pigmentosum group E) protein complex recognizes a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer, mismatches, apurinic/apyrimidinic sites, and compound lesions in DNA.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  79. Wakasugi M, Kasashima H, Fukase Y, Imura M, Imai R, Yamada S, Cleaver JE, Matsunaga T.; ''Physical and functional interaction between DDB and XPA in nucleotide excision repair.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  80. He Z, Henricksen LA, Wold MS, Ingles CJ.; ''RPA involvement in the damage-recognition and incision steps of nucleotide excision repair.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  81. Volker M, Moné MJ, Karmakar P, van Hoffen A, Schul W, Vermeulen W, Hoeijmakers JH, van Driel R, van Zeeland AA, Mullenders LH.; ''Sequential assembly of the nucleotide excision repair factors in vivo.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  82. Kapetanaki MG, Guerrero-Santoro J, Bisi DC, Hsieh CL, Rapić-Otrin V, Levine AS.; ''The DDB1-CUL4ADDB2 ubiquitin ligase is deficient in xeroderma pigmentosum group E and targets histone H2A at UV-damaged DNA sites.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  83. Hofmann RM, Pickart CM.; ''Noncanonical MMS2-encoded ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme functions in assembly of novel polyubiquitin chains for DNA repair.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  84. Sarkar S, Kiely R, McHugh PJ.; ''The Ino80 chromatin-remodeling complex restores chromatin structure during UV DNA damage repair.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  85. Mocquet V, Lainé JP, Riedl T, Yajin Z, Lee MY, Egly JM.; ''Sequential recruitment of the repair factors during NER: the role of XPG in initiating the resynthesis step.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  86. Mathieu N, Kaczmarek N, Rüthemann P, Luch A, Naegeli H.; ''DNA quality control by a lesion sensor pocket of the xeroderma pigmentosum group D helicase subunit of TFIIH.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  87. Giglia-Mari G, Giglia-Mari G, Coin F, Ranish JA, Hoogstraten D, Theil A, Wijgers N, Jaspers NG, Raams A, Argentini M, van der Spek PJ, Botta E, Stefanini M, Egly JM, Aebersold R, Hoeijmakers JH, Vermeulen W.; ''A new, tenth subunit of TFIIH is responsible for the DNA repair syndrome trichothiodystrophy group A.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  88. Fischer ES, Scrima A, Böhm K, Matsumoto S, Lingaraju GM, Faty M, Yasuda T, Cavadini S, Wakasugi M, Hanaoka F, Iwai S, Gut H, Sugasawa K, Thomä NH.; ''The molecular basis of CRL4DDB2/CSA ubiquitin ligase architecture, targeting, and activation.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  89. Staresincic L, Fagbemi AF, Enzlin JH, Gourdin AM, Wijgers N, Dunand-Sauthier I, Giglia-Mari G, Giglia-Mari G, Clarkson SG, Vermeulen W, Schärer OD.; ''Coordination of dual incision and repair synthesis in human nucleotide excision repair.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  90. Camenisch U, Träutlein D, Clement FC, Fei J, Leitenstorfer A, Ferrando-May E, Naegeli H.; ''Two-stage dynamic DNA quality check by xeroderma pigmentosum group C protein.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  91. de Laat WL, Appeldoorn E, Sugasawa K, Weterings E, Jaspers NG, Hoeijmakers JH.; ''DNA-binding polarity of human replication protein A positions nucleases in nucleotide excision repair.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  92. Takedachi A, Saijo M, Tanaka K.; ''DDB2 complex-mediated ubiquitylation around DNA damage is oppositely regulated by XPC and Ku and contributes to the recruitment of XPA.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  93. Fitch ME, Nakajima S, Yasui A, Ford JM.; ''In vivo recruitment of XPC to UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers by the DDB2 gene product.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  94. Sugasawa K, Okuda Y, Saijo M, Nishi R, Matsuda N, Chu G, Mori T, Iwai S, Tanaka K, Tanaka K, Hanaoka F.; ''UV-induced ubiquitylation of XPC protein mediated by UV-DDB-ubiquitin ligase complex.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  95. Coin F, Oksenych V, Egly JM.; ''Distinct roles for the XPB/p52 and XPD/p44 subcomplexes of TFIIH in damaged DNA opening during nucleotide excision repair.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  96. Oh KS, Imoto K, Emmert S, Tamura D, DiGiovanna JJ, Kraemer KH.; ''Nucleotide excision repair proteins rapidly accumulate but fail to persist in human XP-E (DDB2 mutant) cells.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  97. Kuraoka I, Ito S, Wada T, Hayashida M, Lee L, Saijo M, Nakatsu Y, Matsumoto M, Matsunaga T, Handa H, Qin J, Nakatani Y, Tanaka K.; ''Isolation of XAB2 complex involved in pre-mRNA splicing, transcription, and transcription-coupled repair.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  98. van Cuijk L, van Belle GJ, van Belle GJ, Turkyilmaz Y, Poulsen SL, Janssens RC, Theil AF, Sabatella M, Lans H, Mailand N, Houtsmuller AB, Vermeulen W, Marteijn JA.; ''SUMO and ubiquitin-dependent XPC exchange drives nucleotide excision repair.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  99. Su HL, Li SS.; ''Molecular features of human ubiquitin-like SUMO genes and their encoded proteins.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  100. Morris DP, Michelotti GA, Schwinn DA.; ''Evidence that phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal repeats is similar in yeast and humans.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  101. Lindahl T, Wood RD.; ''Quality control by DNA repair.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  102. Araújo SJ, Wood RD.; ''Protein complexes in nucleotide excision repair.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

View all...
CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
115027view16:56, 25 January 2021ReactomeTeamReactome version 75
113472view11:54, 2 November 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 74
112671view16:06, 9 October 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 73
101588view11:45, 1 November 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 66
101124view21:29, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 65
100652view20:03, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 64
100202view16:48, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 63
99753view15:14, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62 (2nd attempt)
93777view13:35, 16 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
93305view11:19, 9 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
88077view09:04, 26 July 2016RyanmillerOntology Term : 'DNA repair pathway' added !
88076view09:02, 26 July 2016RyanmillerOntology Term : 'regulatory pathway' added !
86389view09:16, 11 July 2016ReactomeTeamreactome version 56
83072view09:53, 18 November 2015ReactomeTeamVersion54
81391view12:55, 21 August 2015ReactomeTeamVersion53
76859view08:13, 17 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
76564view11:54, 16 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
75897view09:55, 11 June 2014ReactomeTeamRe-fixing comment source
75597view10:44, 10 June 2014ReactomeTeamReactome 48 Update
74952view13:47, 8 May 2014AnweshaFixing comment source for displaying WikiPathways description
74596view08:38, 30 April 2014ReactomeTeamReactome46
42219view00:30, 8 March 2011MaintBotModified categories
42218view00:23, 8 March 2011MaintBot
42217view00:22, 8 March 2011MaintBotNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
(PCNA:POLD,POLE), (MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFC:Incised DNA without lesionComplexR-HSA-5690478 (Reactome)
(PCNA:POLD,POLE), (MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFC:SSB-dsDNAComplexR-HSA-5690470 (Reactome)
(PCNA:POLD,POLE), (MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFCComplexR-HSA-6790530 (Reactome)
5'-incised damaged DNA:trimmed nascent mRNA R-ALL-6782202 (Reactome)
ACTB(1-375) ProteinP60709 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ACTL6A ProteinO96019 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ACTR5 ProteinQ9H9F9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ACTR8 ProteinQ9H981 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADPMetaboliteCHEBI:16761 (ChEBI)
AQR ProteinO60306 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ATPMetaboliteCHEBI:15422 (ChEBI)
CAKComplexR-HSA-69221 (Reactome)
CCNH ProteinP51946 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CDK7 ProteinP50613 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CETN2 ProteinP41208 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CETN2ProteinP41208 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CHD1L ProteinQ86WJ1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CHD1LProteinQ86WJ1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COP9 signalosomeComplexR-HSA-5697024 (Reactome)
COPS2 ProteinP61201 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COPS3 ProteinQ9UNS2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COPS4 ProteinQ9BT78 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COPS5 ProteinQ92905 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COPS6 ProteinQ7L5N1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COPS7A ProteinQ9UBW8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COPS7B ProteinQ9H9Q2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
COPS8 ProteinQ99627 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CUL4A ProteinQ13619 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CUL4B ProteinQ13620 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DDB1 ProteinQ16531 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DDB2 ProteinQ92466 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Damaged

dsDNA with open transcription

bubble:Hyperphosphorylated RNA Pol II:TFIIH
ComplexR-HSA-6781821 (Reactome)
Damaged dsDNA with open transcription bubble R-ALL-6781820 (Reactome)
Distorted dsDNA R-ALL-5688114 (Reactome)
Distorted dsDNAR-ALL-5688114 (Reactome)
ELLProteinP55199 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EP300 ProteinQ09472 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EP300ProteinQ09472 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ERCC1 ProteinP07992 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ERCC1:ERCC4ComplexR-HSA-109943 (Reactome)
ERCC1ProteinP07992 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ERCC2 ProteinP18074 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ERCC3 ProteinP19447 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ERCC4 ProteinQ92889 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ERCC4ProteinQ92889 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ERCC5 ProteinP28715 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ERCC5ProteinP28715 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ERCC6 ProteinQ03468 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ERCC6ProteinQ03468 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ERCC8 ProteinQ13216 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ERCC8:DDB1:CUL4:RBX1:COP9 SignalosomeComplexR-HSA-6781842 (Reactome)
ERCC8:DDB1:CUL4:RBX1ComplexR-HSA-6781841 (Reactome)
GG-NER

incision complex:5'-incised damaged

DNA:(PCNA:POLD,POLE),(MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFC
ComplexR-HSA-5690214 (Reactome)
GG-NER incision

complex:5'-incised

damaged DNA
ComplexR-HSA-5691059 (Reactome)
GG-NER incision

complex:Open bubble

dsDNA
ComplexR-HSA-5691046 (Reactome)
GG-NER pre-incision

complex:Open

bubble-dsDNA
ComplexR-HSA-5691043 (Reactome)
GPS1 ProteinQ13098 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GTF2H1 ProteinP32780 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GTF2H2 ProteinQ13888 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GTF2H3 ProteinQ13889 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GTF2H4 ProteinQ92759 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GTF2H5 ProteinQ6ZYL4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
H2OMetaboliteCHEBI:15377 (ChEBI)
HMGN1 ProteinP05114 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HMGN1ProteinP05114 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Hyperphosphorylated

RNA Pol II:Damaged DNA template:nascent mRNA

hybrid:TFIIH:ERCC6:ERCC8:DDB1:CUL4:RBX1
ComplexR-HSA-6781839 (Reactome)
Hyperphosphorylated

RNA Pol II:Damaged DNA template:nascent mRNA

hybrid:TFIIH:ERCC6
ComplexR-HSA-6781837 (Reactome)
Hyperphosphorylated

RNA Pol II:Damaged DNA template:nascent

mRNA hybrid:TFIIH
ComplexR-HSA-6781822 (Reactome)
INO80 ProteinQ9ULG1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
INO80 complexComplexR-HSA-5689568 (Reactome)
INO80B ProteinQ9C086 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
INO80C ProteinQ6PI98 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
INO80D ProteinQ53TQ3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
INO80E ProteinQ8NBZ0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ISY1 ProteinQ9ULR0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
K63polyUb-C87-UBE2N ProteinP61088 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
K63polyUb:C87-UBE2N:UBE2V2ComplexR-HSA-6790510 (Reactome)
LIG1 ProteinP18858 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LIG1,LIG3:XRCC1ComplexR-HSA-5690475 (Reactome)
LIG3 ProteinP49916 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MCRS1 ProteinQ96EZ8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MNAT1 ProteinP51948 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MonoUb-K164-PCNA ProteinP12004 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NAD+MetaboliteCHEBI:15846 (ChEBI)
NAMMetaboliteCHEBI:17154 (ChEBI)
NFRKB ProteinQ6P4R8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Open bubble-dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH Core:XPA:PAR-PARP1, PAR-PARP2:CHD1LComplexR-HSA-6790517 (Reactome)
Open bubble damaged DNA template:trimmed nascent mRNA R-ALL-6782110 (Reactome)
PAR-DDB2 ProteinQ92466 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PAR-PARP1 ProteinP09874 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PAR-PARP1,PAR-PARP2 dimersComplexR-HSA-5651709 (Reactome)
PAR-PARP2 ProteinQ9UGN5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PAR-UV-DDBComplexR-HSA-5696649 (Reactome)
PARP1 ProteinP09874 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PARP1,PARP2 dimersComplexR-HSA-5649884 (Reactome)
PARP2 ProteinQ9UGN5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PCNA homotrimer,MonoUb:K164-PCNA homotrimerComplexR-HSA-6790532 (Reactome)
PCNA ProteinP12004 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PIAS1 ProteinO75925 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PIAS1,3ComplexR-HSA-6790455 (Reactome)
PIAS3 ProteinQ9Y6X2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POLD,POLE R-HSA-5651800 (Reactome)
POLD,POLE,POLKComplexR-HSA-6790535 (Reactome)
POLD1 ProteinP28340 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POLD2 ProteinP49005 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POLD3 ProteinQ15054 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POLD4 ProteinQ9HCU8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POLE ProteinQ07864 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POLE2 ProteinP56282 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POLE3 ProteinQ9NRF9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POLE4 ProteinQ9NR33 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POLK ProteinQ9UBT6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POLR2A ProteinP24928 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POLR2B ProteinP30876 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POLR2C ProteinP19387 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POLR2D ProteinO15514 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POLR2E ProteinP19388 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POLR2F ProteinP61218 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POLR2G ProteinP62487 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POLR2H ProteinP52434 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POLR2I ProteinP36954 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POLR2J ProteinP52435 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POLR2K ProteinP53803 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
POLR2L ProteinP62875 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PPIE ProteinQ9UNP9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PPiMetaboliteCHEBI:29888 (ChEBI)
PRPF19 ProteinQ9UMS4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PiMetaboliteCHEBI:18367 (ChEBI)
RAD23A ProteinP54725 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RAD23B ProteinP54727 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RAD23ComplexR-HSA-5688130 (Reactome)
RBX1 ProteinP62877 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RFC HeteropentamerComplexR-HSA-68436 (Reactome)
RFC1 ProteinP35251 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RFC2 ProteinP35250 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RFC3 ProteinP40938 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RFC4 ProteinP35249 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RFC5 ProteinP40937 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RNA

Polymerase II holoenzyme complex

(hyperphosphorylated)
ComplexR-HSA-109909 (Reactome)
RNA Polymerase II

holoenzyme complex

(unphosphorylated)
ComplexR-HSA-113401 (Reactome)
RNF111ProteinQ6ZNA4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RPA heterotrimerComplexR-HSA-68462 (Reactome)
RPA1 ProteinP27694 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RPA2 ProteinP15927 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RPA3 ProteinP35244 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RPS27A(1-76) ProteinP62979 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RUVBL1 ProteinQ9Y265 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SSB-dsDNA R-HSA-110340 (Reactome)
SSB-dsDNA:trimmed nascent mRNA R-ALL-6782212 (Reactome)
SUMO1 ProteinP63165 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SUMO1,2,3:UBE2IComplexR-HSA-6790471 (Reactome)
SUMO1-C93-UBE2I ProteinP63279 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SUMO2 ProteinP61956 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SUMO2-C93-UBE2I ProteinP63279 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SUMO3 ProteinP55854 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SUMO3-C93-UBE2I ProteinP63279 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TC-NER

incision complex: 5'-incised damaged DNA:trimmed nascent

mRNA:(PCNA:POLD,POLE), (MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFC
ComplexR-HSA-6782219 (Reactome)
TC-NER

post-incision

complex:SSB-dsDNA:trimmed nascent mRNA: (PCNA:POLD,POLE), (MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFC
ComplexR-HSA-6782220 (Reactome)
TC-NER

post-incision complex:incised DNA without lesion:trimmed nascent

mRNA:PCNA:(PCNA:POLD,POLE),(MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFC
ComplexR-HSA-6782222 (Reactome)
TC-NER

pre-incision complex:Open bubble damaged DNA

template:RPA:ERCC5:trimmed nascent mRNA
ComplexR-HSA-6782134 (Reactome)
TC-NER incision

complex:5'-incised damaged DNA:trimmed

nascent mRNA
ComplexR-HSA-6782205 (Reactome)
TC-NER incision complexComplexR-HSA-6782142 (Reactome)
TC-NER post-incision

complex:dsDNA with transcription

bubble
ComplexR-HSA-6782230 (Reactome)
TC-NER pre-incision

complex:Open bubble damaged DNA template:trimmed

nascent mRNA
ComplexR-HSA-6782111 (Reactome)
TC-NER pre-incision complexComplexR-HSA-6782066 (Reactome)
TCEA1 ProteinP23193 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TCEA1ProteinP23193 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TFIIH CoreComplexR-HSA-5689624 (Reactome)
TFIIHComplexR-HSA-109634 (Reactome)
TFPT ProteinP0C1Z6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBA52(1-76) ProteinP62987 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBB(1-76) ProteinP0CG47 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBB(153-228) ProteinP0CG47 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBB(77-152) ProteinP0CG47 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBC(1-76) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBC(153-228) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBC(229-304) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBC(305-380) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBC(381-456) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBC(457-532) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBC(533-608) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBC(609-684) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBC(77-152) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBE2I-G92-SUMO3 ProteinP55854 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBE2I-G93-SUMO2 ProteinP61956 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBE2I-G97-SUMO1 ProteinP63165 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBE2IProteinP63279 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBE2N ProteinP61088 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBE2N:UBE2V2ComplexR-HSA-5682542 (Reactome)
UBE2V2 ProteinQ15819 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
USP45ProteinQ70EL2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
USP7 ProteinQ93009 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UV-DDB:COP9 SignalosomeComplexR-HSA-5697031 (Reactome)
UVSSA ProteinQ2YD98 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UVSSA:USP7ComplexR-HSA-6781845 (Reactome)
Ub,SUMO,K63polyUb-XPC ProteinQ01831 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ub,SUMO,K63polyUb:XPC:RAD23:CETN2ComplexR-HSA-6790519 (Reactome)
Ub,SUMO-XPC ProteinQ01831 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ub,SUMO:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Open bubble-dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH Core:XPA:PAR-PARP1, PAR-PARP2:CHD1LComplexR-HSA-6790468 (Reactome)
Ub,p-S2,S5-POLR2A ProteinP24928 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ub-139-UBB(77-152) ProteinP0CG47 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ub-139-UBC(77-152) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ub-215-UBB(153-228) ProteinP0CG47 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ub-215-UBC(153-228) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ub-291-UBC(229-304) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ub-367-UBC(305-380) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ub-443-UBC(381-456) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ub-519-UBC(457-532) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ub-595-UBC(533-608) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ub-63-RPS27A(1-76) ProteinP62979 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ub-63-UBA52(1-76) ProteinP62987 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ub-63-UBB(1-76) ProteinP0CG47 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ub-63-UBC(1-76) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ub-671-UBC(609-684) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ub-ERCC1 ProteinP07992 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ub-ERCC6 ProteinQ03468 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ub-XPC ProteinQ01831 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ub:ERCC1ComplexR-HSA-5696466 (Reactome)
Ub:ERCC6ComplexR-HSA-6781849 (Reactome)
Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:PAR-PARP1,PAR-PARP2ComplexR-HSA-5696681 (Reactome)
Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH Core:XPA:PAR-PARP1,PAR-PARP2:CHD1LComplexR-HSA-5696652 (Reactome)
Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH Core:XPA:PAR-PARP1,PAR-PARP2ComplexR-HSA-5689300 (Reactome)
Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH:PAR-PARP1,PAR-PARP2ComplexR-HSA-5689862 (Reactome)
Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:UV-DDB:PARP1,PARP2ComplexR-HSA-5696660 (Reactome)
Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:UV-DDBComplexR-HSA-6782948 (Reactome)
Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Open bubble-dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH Core:XPA:PAR-PARP1,PAR-PARP2:CHD1LComplexR-HSA-5691018 (Reactome)
UbComplexR-HSA-68524 (Reactome)
Ubiquitinated,hyperphosphorylated RNA Pol II:Damaged DNA template:nascent mRNA hybrid:TFIIH:Ub:ERCC6:ERCC8:DDB1:CUL4:RBX1:UVSSA:USP7:XAB2 complex:XPA:TCEA1:HMGN1:EP300ComplexR-HSA-6782063 (Reactome)
Ubiquitinated,hyperphosphorylated RNA Pol II:Damaged DNA template:nascent mRNA hybrid:TFIIH:Ub:ERCC6:ERCC8:DDB1:CUL4:RBX1ComplexR-HSA-6781866 (Reactome)
XAB2 ProteinQ9HCS7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
XAB2 complexComplexR-HSA-6781957 (Reactome)
XPA ProteinP23025 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
XPAProteinP23025 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
XPC ProteinQ01831 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:UV-DDBComplexR-HSA-5691012 (Reactome)
XPC:RAD23:CETN2ComplexR-HSA-5691010 (Reactome)
XPCProteinQ01831 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
XRCC1 ProteinP18887 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
YY1 ProteinP25490 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ZNF830 ProteinQ96NB3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
dNTPMetaboliteCHEBI:16516 (ChEBI)
damaged DNA substrate:nascent mRNA hybrid R-ALL-110291 (Reactome)
damaged DNA with 5' incision R-ALL-5691056 (Reactome)
damaged DNA with open bubble structure R-ALL-109944 (Reactome)
dsDNA with transcription bubble R-ALL-6782229 (Reactome)
dsDNAR-HSA-5649637 (Reactome)
excised DNA fragment with lesionR-ALL-109960 (Reactome)
incised DNA without lesion R-ALL-109961 (Reactome)
incised DNA without lesion:trimmed nascent mRNA R-ALL-6782213 (Reactome)
mRNAR-HSA-6782236 (Reactome)
p-S2,S5-POLR2A ProteinP24928 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) The C-terminal domain (CTD) of POLR2A contains about 52 repeats of the consensus heptad YSPTSPS. Serines-2 and 5 of the heptads are phosphorylated in RNA polymerase II initiating transcription of protein coding genes. The exact repeats that are phosphorylated are not known.
ribonucleoside triphosphateMetaboliteCHEBI:17972 (ChEBI)

Annotated Interactions

View all...
SourceTargetTypeDatabase referenceComment
(PCNA:POLD,POLE), (MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFC:Incised DNA without lesionArrowR-HSA-5690988 (Reactome)
(PCNA:POLD,POLE), (MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFC:Incised DNA without lesionR-HSA-5691001 (Reactome)
(PCNA:POLD,POLE), (MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFC:Incised DNA without lesionmim-catalysisR-HSA-5691001 (Reactome)
(PCNA:POLD,POLE), (MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFC:SSB-dsDNAArrowR-HSA-5691001 (Reactome)
(PCNA:POLD,POLE), (MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFC:SSB-dsDNAR-HSA-5690997 (Reactome)
(PCNA:POLD,POLE), (MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFCArrowR-HSA-5690997 (Reactome)
(PCNA:POLD,POLE), (MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFCArrowR-HSA-6782227 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-5690996 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-6782131 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-5690996 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-6782131 (Reactome)
CAKArrowR-HSA-5689861 (Reactome)
CETN2R-HSA-5691004 (Reactome)
CHD1LArrowR-HSA-5690988 (Reactome)
CHD1LR-HSA-5696670 (Reactome)
COP9 signalosomeArrowR-HSA-5691006 (Reactome)
COP9 signalosomeArrowR-HSA-6781833 (Reactome)
Damaged

dsDNA with open transcription

bubble:Hyperphosphorylated RNA Pol II:TFIIH
ArrowR-HSA-6781818 (Reactome)
Damaged

dsDNA with open transcription

bubble:Hyperphosphorylated RNA Pol II:TFIIH
R-HSA-6781824 (Reactome)
Damaged

dsDNA with open transcription

bubble:Hyperphosphorylated RNA Pol II:TFIIH
mim-catalysisR-HSA-6781824 (Reactome)
Distorted dsDNAR-HSA-5691006 (Reactome)
Distorted dsDNAR-HSA-6781818 (Reactome)
ELLArrowR-HSA-6782234 (Reactome)
EP300ArrowR-HSA-6782234 (Reactome)
EP300R-HSA-6782004 (Reactome)
ERCC1:ERCC4ArrowR-HSA-109955 (Reactome)
ERCC1:ERCC4ArrowR-HSA-5690988 (Reactome)
ERCC1:ERCC4ArrowR-HSA-6782224 (Reactome)
ERCC1:ERCC4R-HSA-5690991 (Reactome)
ERCC1:ERCC4R-HSA-6782141 (Reactome)
ERCC1ArrowR-HSA-5696465 (Reactome)
ERCC1R-HSA-109955 (Reactome)
ERCC4R-HSA-109955 (Reactome)
ERCC5ArrowR-HSA-5690988 (Reactome)
ERCC5ArrowR-HSA-6782224 (Reactome)
ERCC5R-HSA-5689317 (Reactome)
ERCC5R-HSA-6782138 (Reactome)
ERCC6R-HSA-6781840 (Reactome)
ERCC8:DDB1:CUL4:RBX1:COP9 SignalosomeR-HSA-6781833 (Reactome)
ERCC8:DDB1:CUL4:RBX1ArrowR-HSA-6782234 (Reactome)
GG-NER

incision complex:5'-incised damaged

DNA:(PCNA:POLD,POLE),(MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFC
ArrowR-HSA-5690213 (Reactome)
GG-NER

incision complex:5'-incised damaged

DNA:(PCNA:POLD,POLE),(MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFC
R-HSA-5690988 (Reactome)
GG-NER

incision complex:5'-incised damaged

DNA:(PCNA:POLD,POLE),(MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFC
mim-catalysisR-HSA-5690988 (Reactome)
GG-NER incision

complex:5'-incised

damaged DNA
ArrowR-HSA-5690990 (Reactome)
GG-NER incision

complex:5'-incised

damaged DNA
R-HSA-5690213 (Reactome)
GG-NER incision

complex:Open bubble

dsDNA
ArrowR-HSA-5690991 (Reactome)
GG-NER incision

complex:Open bubble

dsDNA
R-HSA-5690990 (Reactome)
GG-NER incision

complex:Open bubble

dsDNA
mim-catalysisR-HSA-5690990 (Reactome)
GG-NER pre-incision

complex:Open

bubble-dsDNA
ArrowR-HSA-5689317 (Reactome)
GG-NER pre-incision

complex:Open

bubble-dsDNA
R-HSA-5690991 (Reactome)
H2OR-HSA-5696465 (Reactome)
H2OR-HSA-6782069 (Reactome)
HMGN1ArrowR-HSA-6782234 (Reactome)
HMGN1R-HSA-6782004 (Reactome)
Hyperphosphorylated

RNA Pol II:Damaged DNA template:nascent mRNA

hybrid:TFIIH:ERCC6:ERCC8:DDB1:CUL4:RBX1
ArrowR-HSA-6781833 (Reactome)
Hyperphosphorylated

RNA Pol II:Damaged DNA template:nascent mRNA

hybrid:TFIIH:ERCC6:ERCC8:DDB1:CUL4:RBX1
R-HSA-6781867 (Reactome)
Hyperphosphorylated

RNA Pol II:Damaged DNA template:nascent mRNA

hybrid:TFIIH:ERCC6:ERCC8:DDB1:CUL4:RBX1
mim-catalysisR-HSA-6781867 (Reactome)
Hyperphosphorylated

RNA Pol II:Damaged DNA template:nascent mRNA

hybrid:TFIIH:ERCC6
ArrowR-HSA-6781840 (Reactome)
Hyperphosphorylated

RNA Pol II:Damaged DNA template:nascent mRNA

hybrid:TFIIH:ERCC6
R-HSA-6781833 (Reactome)
Hyperphosphorylated

RNA Pol II:Damaged DNA template:nascent

mRNA hybrid:TFIIH
ArrowR-HSA-6781824 (Reactome)
Hyperphosphorylated

RNA Pol II:Damaged DNA template:nascent

mRNA hybrid:TFIIH
R-HSA-6781840 (Reactome)
INO80 complexArrowR-HSA-5691006 (Reactome)
K63polyUb:C87-UBE2N:UBE2V2R-HSA-6790487 (Reactome)
LIG1,LIG3:XRCC1mim-catalysisR-HSA-5690997 (Reactome)
LIG1,LIG3:XRCC1mim-catalysisR-HSA-6782227 (Reactome)
NAD+R-HSA-5696655 (Reactome)
NAMArrowR-HSA-5696655 (Reactome)
Open bubble-dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH Core:XPA:PAR-PARP1, PAR-PARP2:CHD1LArrowR-HSA-6790487 (Reactome)
Open bubble-dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH Core:XPA:PAR-PARP1, PAR-PARP2:CHD1LR-HSA-5689317 (Reactome)
PAR-PARP1,PAR-PARP2 dimersArrowR-HSA-5690988 (Reactome)
PAR-UV-DDBArrowR-HSA-5690988 (Reactome)
PARP1,PARP2 dimersR-HSA-5696664 (Reactome)
PCNA homotrimer,MonoUb:K164-PCNA homotrimerR-HSA-5690213 (Reactome)
PCNA homotrimer,MonoUb:K164-PCNA homotrimerR-HSA-6782211 (Reactome)
PIAS1,3mim-catalysisR-HSA-6790454 (Reactome)
POLD,POLE,POLKR-HSA-5690213 (Reactome)
POLD,POLE,POLKR-HSA-6782211 (Reactome)
PPiArrowR-HSA-5691001 (Reactome)
PPiArrowR-HSA-6781824 (Reactome)
PPiArrowR-HSA-6782208 (Reactome)
PiArrowR-HSA-5690996 (Reactome)
PiArrowR-HSA-6782131 (Reactome)
R-HSA-109955 (Reactome) ERCC1 binds ERCC4 (XPF) to form a heterodimeric ERCC1:ERCC4 (ERCC1:XPF) complex with a DNA endonuclease activity, where ERCC4 is the catalytic subunit. Suitable substrates for the ERCC1:ERCC4 endonuclease are single strand DNA (ssDNA) and ssDNA region of a duplex DNA with an open bubble structure (Park et al. 1995).
R-HSA-5689317 (Reactome) Once an open bubble structure is generated in damaged dsDNA through a DNA helicase activity of the TFIIH complex, the RPA heterotrimer composed of RPA1, RPA2 and RPA3, coats the undamaged single strand DNA (ssDNA) (de Laat et al. 1998), thereby protecting it from incision and enabling the correct positioning of the NER endonucleases. The interaction of RPA with XPA facilitates RPA recruitment to the global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER) site (He et al. 1995, Ikegami et al. 1998). A DNA endonuclease ERCC5 (XPG) is recruited to the GG-NER site, 3' to the DNA damage, through its interaction with the TFIIH complex (Dunand-Sauthier et al. 2005, Zotter et al. 2006, Ito et al. 2007) and the RPA heterotrimer (de Laat et al. 1998).
R-HSA-5689861 (Reactome) XPA binds the DNA damage site through interaction with the TFIIH complex subunit GTF2H5 (TTDA) (Ziani et al. 2014), and also interacts with the DDB2 subunit of the UV-DDB complex (Wakasugi et al. 2001, Wakasugi et al. 2009, Takedachi et al. 2010). PARylated PARP1 (or possibly PARP2) (King et al. 2012) facilitates XPA association with chromatin. Binding of XPA is accompanied by the release of the CAK subcomplex from the TFIIH complex (Coin et al. 2008).
R-HSA-5690213 (Reactome) The DNA repair synthesis complex, consisting of PCNA, RFC, RPA and polymerase delta (POLD) or epsilon (POLE) complexes, or DNA translesion synthesis polymerase kappa (POLK) (Ogi et al. 2010), is formed at the nucleotide excision repair (NER) site following the incision of the damaged DNA strand 5' to the lesion by the ERCC1:ERCC4 (ERCC1:XPF) complex. 3' incision by XPG (ERCC5) is not required for the loading of the DNA polymerases and may not be required for the initiation of NER-mediated DNA synthesis (Staresincic et al. 2009). XPG and RPA promote the assembly of the DNA synthesis complex at the NER site (Mocquet et al. 2008).
R-HSA-5690988 (Reactome) In global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER), as well as transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER), the cleavage of the damaged DNA strand 3' to the site of damage is carried out by a DNA endonuclease XPG (ERCC5). While the DNA repair synthesis may be initiated prior to the 3' incision (Staresincic et al. 2009), the components of the incision complex probably dissociate from the NER site shortly after the replicative complex assembly and 3' incision (Overmeer et al. 2011). The exception is the RPA heterotrimer, which is a constituent of the DNA synthesis complex, and also coats the undamaged DNA strand, thereby protecting it from endonucleolytic cleavage.
R-HSA-5690990 (Reactome) In global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER), just like in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER), the cleavage of the damaged strand of DNA 5' to the site of damage occurs at the junction of single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA that is formed when the DNA duplex is unwound. The 5' incision is carried out by the ERCC1:XPF (ERCC1:ERCC4) complex and precedes the 3' incision (Staresincic et al. 2009).
R-HSA-5690991 (Reactome) ERCC1:ERCC4 (ERCC1:XPF) DNA endonuclease complex binds 5' to the DNA damage at global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER) sites to form the incision complex. Binding of ERCC5 (XPG) to the NER site precedes the recruitment of ERCC1:ERCC4 (Riedl et al. 2003). ERCC1 directly interacts with XPA, and this interaction is necessary for the loading of ERCC1:ERCC4 to the open bubble structure in damaged dsDNA and the progression of GG-NER (Tsodikov et al. 2007, Orelli et al. 2010).
R-HSA-5690996 (Reactome) Two DNA helicases XPB (ERCC3) and XPD (ERCC2), which are part of the TFIIH complex, unwind the distorted DNA duplex around the lesion to form an open bubble structure that exposes the damaged site. The helicase activity of the TFIIH complex is stimulated by the presence of XPA and the XPC:RAD23:CETN2 complex (Winkler et al. 2001). The 5'->3' directed helicase activity of ERCC2 (Kuper et al. 2012) is crucial for unwinding of the distorted dsDNA during nucleotide excision repair (NER) (Coin et al. 2007). The 3'->5' directed DNA helicase ERCC3 contributes to dsDNA unwinding during NER through ATP hydrolysis (Coin et al. 2007). In addition to DNA unwinding, ERCC2 and ERCC3 verify the presence of DNA damage (Oksenych et al. 2009, Mathieu et al. 2010, Mathieu et al. 2013). Verification of DNA damage also involves XPA (Camenisch et al. 2006). The binding site of XPC determines which DNA strand is selected by ERCC2 to verify the presence of lesions (Sugasawa et al. 2009).
R-HSA-5690997 (Reactome) The nucleotide excision repair (NER) is completed when the newly synthesized fragment is ligated to the incised DNA strand, thus closing the single stranded nick (SSB). Two DNA ligases, LIG1 and LIG3 (as part of the LIG3:XRCC1 complex) can perform the ligation in global genome NER (GG-NER), as well as in transcription-coupled NER (TC-NER). The choice of NER DNA ligase depends on the DNA polymerase involved in the repair synthesis and on the stage of the cell cycle (Moser et al. 2007).
R-HSA-5691000 (Reactome) Transcription factor II H (TFIIH) complex is recruited to DNA damage sites after the damage is recognized by the XPC:RAD23:CETN2 complex and the UV-DDB complex (DDB1:DDB2) (Volker et al. 2001, Araujo and Wood 1999).

TFIIH consists of ten subunits organized into a ring-like structure (Schultz et al. 2000). The TFIIH core, also forming a ring-like structure, includes a DNA helicase ERCC3 (XPB), GTF2H1 (BTF2-p62), GTF2H2 (BTF2-p44), GTF2H3 (BTF2-p34) and GTF2H4 (BTF2-p52). GTF2H4 directly interacts with ERCC3 and anchors it to the TFIIH complex (Jawhari et al. 2002). Another DNA helicase, ERCC2 (XPD) is anchored to the TFIIH complex by binding to the GTF2H2 subunit (Coin et al. 1998). The CDK-activating kinase (CAK) complex, consisting of CCNH (cyclin H), CDK7 and MNAT1 (MAT1) is included in the TFIIH complex through an interaction with ERCC2 (Reardon et al. 1996, Rossignol et al. 1997). The tenth subunit, GTF2H5 (TTDA, TFB5, BTF2-p5) is important for the stability of the TFIIH complex (Giglia-Mari et al. 2004). The TFIIH complex binds the DNA damage site after XPC:RAD23:CETN2 complex recognizes the damage (Volker et al. 2001, Riedl et al. 2003), and the ERCC3 and GTF2H1 subunits of TFIIH directly interact with XPC (Yokoi et al. 2003).

R-HSA-5691001 (Reactome) In global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER), as well as transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER), the DNA synthesis complex consisting of PCNA, RPA, RFC and polymerase delta (POLD) or epsilon (POLE) complexes performs DNA repair synthesis after the damaged DNA strand is incised 5' to the lesion by the endonuclease complex ERCC1:ERCC4 (ERCC1:XPF) and 3' to the lesion by the endonuclease XPG (ERCC5). Depending on damage-induced PCNA monoubiquitination, DNA polymerase kappa (POLK) is also involved in gap-filling DNA synthesis during nucleotide excision repair (NER) (Balajee et al. 1998, Staresincic et al. 2009, Ogi et al. 2010, Overmeer et al. 2011).
R-HSA-5691004 (Reactome) XPC is mutated in individuals with xeroderma pigmentosum from genetic Complementation Group C (XP-C). It forms a tight complex with RAD23B (HR23B) or, to a lesser extent, RAD23A (HR23A), two human homologs of yeast Rad23 (Masutani et al. 1994, Ng et al. 2003). CETN2 (centrin 2, CEN2) is also part of the XPC complex with RAD23 (Araki et al. 2001, Nishi et al. 2005).
R-HSA-5691006 (Reactome) XPC, in complex with RAD23B or RAD23A and CETN2, employs a two-stage process to recognize a distorted DNA helix. In the first stage, XPC rapidly probes dsDNA, which is promoted by a DNA repulsive action of a negatively charged beta-turn extension of XPC, located in the vicinity of the XPC DNA-binding domain. In the second stage, the DNA binding domain, consisting of two beta hairpins, binds non-hydrogen bonded bases in dsDNA (Camenisch et al. 2009). Rad4, the yeast ortholog of XPC, recognizes lesions that thermodynamically disrupt normal Watson-Crick base pairing. Rad4 inserts a beta-hairpin through the DNA duplex, causing damaged base pairs to flip out of the double helix. Rad4 associates with the undamaged strand, whereas the DNA strand that contains damaged nucleotides becomes distorted (Min and Pavletich 2007).

Binding of the XPC:RAD23:CETN2 complex to distorted DNA is enhanced in the presence of the DDB1:DDB2 complex, also known as the UV-DDB complex. The UV-DDB complex preferentially binds UV-generated lesions, such as pyrimidine-pyrimidone photodimers (6-4 PPDs) and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), but also recognizes DNA with apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites, and 2-3 bp mismatches (Fujiwara et al. 1999, Wittschieben et al. 2005). The DDB2 subunit of the UV-DDB complex is a WD40 repeat beta-propeller protein. The beta-propeller domain of DDB2 binds the damaged DNA strand (Scrima et al. 2008). The UV-DDB complex is part of a larger ubiquitin ligase complex that, besides DDB1 and DDB2, also contains CUL4A or CUL4B and RBX1 (Groisman et al. 2003, Sugasawa et al. 2005). In the case of 6-4 PPDs and CPDs, UV-DDB binding to damaged DNA probably precedes the binding of the XPC:RAD23:CETN2 complex. However, in the case of 6-4 PPDs, the XPC:RAD23:CETN2 complex may also recognize damaged DNA in the absence of the UV-DDB complex (Fitch et al. 2003, Moser et al. 2005, Wang et al. 2004), but the UV-DDB complex may be important for retention of DNA repair proteins at the DNA damage site (Oh et al. 2011).

The INO80 chromatin remodelling complex positively regulates GG-NER. INO80 and ACTR5 (ARP5) subunits of the INO80 complex are enriched at GG-NER sites, probably via interaction with DDB1. Chromatin relaxation by the INO80 complex at DNA damage site may be necessary for XPC recruitment (Jiang et al. 2010). In yeast, the interaction between INO80 and the orthologs of XPC and RAD23 has been reported and it was suggested that this interaction is important for the restoration of chromatin structure after GG-NER completion (Sarkar et al. 2010).

R-HSA-5696465 (Reactome) USP45 ubiquitin protease, mutated in prostate cancer and B-cell lymphoma, deubiquitinates ERCC1. While the mechanism and timing of ERCC1 ubiquitination are not known, deubiquitination of ERCC1 by USP45 enables ERCC1 recruitment to DNA damage sites in nucleotide excision repair (NER) and repair of interstrand cross-links (ICLR) (Perez-Oliva et al. 2015).
R-HSA-5696655 (Reactome) PARP1 and/or PARP2 homo- or heterodimers recruited to global genomic nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER) site poly(ADP)ribosylate (PARylate) DDB2 and also progressively autoPARylate. PARylation promotes retention of DDB2 at DNA damage sites (Pines et al. 2012, Robu et al. 2013).
R-HSA-5696664 (Reactome) PARP1 (or PARP2) is recruited to global genomic nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER) site through interaction with DDB2 and, probably, distorted single strand DNA (Pines et al. 2012, Robu et al. 2013).
R-HSA-5696670 (Reactome) A chromatin remodeling enzyme CHD1L (ALC1) is recruited to DNA damage sites through interaction with PARylated PARP1 (or possibly PARP2) (Ahel et al. 2009) or PARylated DDB2 (Pines et al. 2012). CHD1L catalyzes PARP-stimulated nucleosome sliding and is needed for efficient PARP-dependent DNA repair (Ahel et al. 2009). CHD1L depletion or PARP inhibition impair global genomic nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER) of UV-induced DNA damage (Pines et al. 2012).
R-HSA-6781818 (Reactome) Once the transcription is initiated from a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) promoter, RNA Pol II synthesizes mRNA in the presence of the elongation complex TFIIH until the damaged DNA base(s) is reached (Brueckner et al. 2007).
R-HSA-6781824 (Reactome) An active RNA polymerase II complex (RNA Pol II, POLR2) transcribes a damaged DNA template. Once damaged DNA bases, such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), enter the active site of the polymerase, RNA Pol II misincorporates a ribonucleotide into nascent mRNA, which blocks the translocation step and results in polymerase stalling. In the stalled complex, the lesion is inaccessible, while the RNA Pol II conformation is unchanged (Brueckner et al. 2007).
R-HSA-6781833 (Reactome) Cockayne syndrome protein A (ERCC8, also known as CSA) is recruited to a stalled RNA polymerase II complex (RNA Pol II) at a site of DNA damage in an ERCC6 (CSB) dependent manner (Fousteri et al. 2006). ERCC8 is part of an ubiquitin ligase complex that, in addition to ERCC8, also contains DDB1, CUL4 (CUL4A or CUL4B) and RBX1 (Groisman et al. 2003). The COP9 signalosome complex prevents the ubiquitin ligase activity of the ERCC8:DDB1:CUL4:RBX1 at the early steps after DNA damage induction (Groisman et al. 2003, Fischer et al. 2011).
R-HSA-6781840 (Reactome) Cockayne syndrome protein B (ERCC6, also known as CSB) binds RNA polymerase II complex (RNA Pol II) stalled at a DNA damage site (Fousteri et al. 2006).
R-HSA-6781867 (Reactome) The ubiquitin ligase complex ERCC8:DDB1:CUL4:RBX1 may ubiquitinate ERCC6 (CSB) (Groisman et al. 2006) at the later steps of TC-NER and may also be required in the ubiquitination of the RNA Pol II subunit POLR2A in response to damage (Bregman et al. 1996, Lee et al. 2002). Ubiquitination mediated by ERCC8 (CSA) containing ubiquitin ligase complex plays an important role in progression and termination of transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER), although the mechanistic details are largely unknown.
R-HSA-6782004 (Reactome) In addition to ERCC6 (CSB) and the ERCC8 (CSA) ubiquitin ligase complex, several other proteins and protein complexes are loaded onto stalled RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) at DNA damage sites to form a pre-incision complex that operates in the transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER).
XPA, which also participates in global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER), is necessary for the progression of TC-NER (Furuta et al. 2002). XPA interacts with the GTF2H5 subunit of the TFIIH complex (Ziani et al. 2014). In GG-NER, XPA loading is accompanied by the release of the CAK subcomplex from TFIIH (Coin et al. 2008), but in TC-NER the CAK complex remains bound to the TC-NER site (Mourgues et al. 2013).
XAB2 protein exists in the complex with five other proteins, AQR, PRPF19, ZNF830, ISY1 and PPIE. The XAB2 complex, which is also involved in pre-mRNA splicing, loads onto stalled RNA Pol II site (Kuraoka et al. 2008) through the interaction of XAB2 with RNA Pol II, ERCC6, ERCC8 and XPA (Nakatsu et al. 2000). The AQR (aquarius) subunit of the XAB2 complex is an RNA-DNA helicase that processes R-loops. An R-loop is a structure formed by hybridization of a nascent mRNA with a DNA template. In the absence of AQR, TC-NER machinery processes R-loops into double strand breaks (Sollier et al. 2014).
TCEA1 (TFIIS) is a transcription elongation factor that facilitates partial digestion of the 3' protruding end of the nascent transcript by a stalled RNA Pol II, which is generated during the reverse translocation of RNA Pol II from the damage site, and allows the resumption of RNA synthesis once the DNA damage is removed (Donahue et al. 1994).
HMGN1, a non-histone high mobility group N nucleosome-binding protein, facilitates TC-NER probably by increasing accessibility of damaged DNA to repair machinery. HMGN1 is recruited at RNA Pol II/TC-NER sites in an ERCC8 (CSA)-dependent manner (Birger et al. 2003, Fousteri et al. 2006).
Histone acetyltransferase p300 (EP300) is recruited to stalled RNA Pol II/TC-NER complexes in an ERCC6-dependent manner, and probably acts to facilitate access of repair proteins to damaged DNA via chromatin remodeling (Fousteri et al. 2006).
UVSSA protein forms a complex with ubiquitin protease USP7. It is recruited to TC-NER sites via interaction with ubiquitinated RNA Pol II and ERCC6. The UVSSA:USP7 complex stabilizes ERCC6, preventing its proteasome-mediated degradation prior to TC-NER completion, and may de-ubiquitinate RNA Pol II after TC-NER is completed, to allow resumption of RNA synthesis (Nakazawa et al. 2012, Schwertman et al. 2012, Zhang et al. 2012, Fei and Chen 2012).
R-HSA-6782069 (Reactome) UVSSA stabilizes ERCC6 (CSB) during transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) by targeting ubiquitin protease USP7 to ubiquitinated ERCC6, thus preventing proteasome-mediated degradation of ERCC6. Mutations in UVSSA cause UV-sensitive syndrome (Nakazawa et al. 2012, Schwertman et al. 2012, Zhang et al. 2012, Fei and Chen 2012).
R-HSA-6782131 (Reactome) Two DNA helicases XPB (ERCC3) and XPD (ERCC2), which are part of the TFIIH complex, unwind the distorted DNA duplex around the lesion to form an open bubble structure that exposes the damaged site. The 5'->3 directed helicase activity of ERCC2 (Kuper et al. 2012) together with the ATPase activity of the 3'->5' directed DNA helicase ERCC3 contribute to dsDNA unwinding during nucleotide excision repair (NER) (Coin et al. 2007). In transcription-coupled NER (TC-NER), the ATPase activity of TFIIH complex, related to its helicase activity, is in addition necessary for the incision of the damaged DNA strand. While the endonuclease ERCC5 (XPG) can bind stalled RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) at a transcription bubble, it cannot perform incision in the absence of the TFIIH ATPase activity (Sarker et al. 2005). The helicase activity of the TFIIH complex may allow backtracking of the RNA Pol II, similar to the UvrD helicase involved in TC-NER in E.coli. Pulling RNA Pol II backwards from the DNA damage site would resolve steric hindrance of the RNA Pol II complex with the TC-NER endonucleases (Epshtein et al. 2014). RNA Pol II backtracking is accompanied by a partial digestion of the nascent 3' protruding mRNA via the 3'->5' directed exonuclease activity of RNA Pol II, which is stimulated by TCEA1 (TFIIS) (Donahue et al. 1994). Partial transcript digestion and RNA Pol II backtracking move the transcription bubble away from the open bubble that contains the DNA damage site (reviewed by Hanawalt and Spivak 2008).
R-HSA-6782138 (Reactome) It has been suggested that, similar to the UvrD helicase involved in TC-NER in E.coli, the DNA helicase activity of TFIIH complex may facilitate damage-stalled RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) backtracking (Epshtein et al. 2014). RNA Pol II backtracking, together with the cleavage of the 3' protruding end of nascent mRNA, might promote the movement of the transcription bubble away from the transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) site, while an open bubble is created (Sarker et al. 2005, Hanawalt and Spivak 2008). Once the open bubble is generated, the RPA heterotrimer composed of RPA1, RPA2 and RPA3 coats the undamaged single strand DNA (ssDNA) (de Laat et al. 1998), thereby protecting it from endonucleases. The interaction of RPA with XPA facilitates RPA recruitment to the nucleotide excision repair (NER) site (He et al. 1995, Ikegami et al. 1998). A DNA endonuclease ERCC5 (XPG) is recruited to the TC-NER site through its interaction with the stalled RNA Pol II (Sarker et al. 2005), the TFIIH complex (Dunand-Sauthier et al. 2005, Zotter et al. 2006, Ito et al. 2007) and the RPA heterotrimer (de Laat et al. 1998).
R-HSA-6782141 (Reactome) ERCC1:ERCC4 (ERCC1:XPF) DNA endonuclease complex binds to the pre-incision complex at the transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) site to form the incision complex. Binding of ERCC5 (XPG) to the NER site precedes the recruitment of ERCC1:ERCC4 (Riedl et al. 2003). ERCC1 directly interacts with the XPA, and this interaction is necessary for the loading of ERCC1:ERCC4 to the open bubble structure in damaged dsDNA and the progression of TC-NER (Tsodikov et al. 2007, Orelli et al. 2010).
R-HSA-6782204 (Reactome) In transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER), just like in global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER), the cleavage of the damaged strand of DNA 5' to the site of damage occurs at the junction of single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA that is formed when the DNA duplex is unwound. The 5' incision is carried out by ERCC1:XPF (ERCC1:ERCC4) complex and precedes the 3' incision by ERCC5 (XPG) (Staresincic et al. 2009).
R-HSA-6782208 (Reactome) In transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER), as well as in global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER), the DNA synthesis complex (NER post-incision complex) consisting of PCNA, RPA, RFC and polymerase delta (POLD) or epsilon (POLE) complexes performs DNA repair synthesis after the damaged DNA strand is incised 5' to the lesion by the endonuclease complex ERCC1:ERCC4 (ERCC1:XPF) and 3' to the lesion by the endonuclease XPG (ERCC5). Depending on damage-induced PCNA monoubiquitination, DNA polymerase kappa (POLK) may also be involved in gap-filling DNA synthesis during nucleotide excision repair (NER) (Balajee et al. 1998, Staresincic et al. 2009, Ogi et al. 2010, Overmeer et al. 2011).
R-HSA-6782211 (Reactome) The DNA repair synthesis complex, consisting of PCNA, RFC, RPA and polymerase delta (POLD) or epsilon (POLE) complexes, or polymerase kappa (POLK), is formed at the transcription coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) site, as well as the global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER) site, following the incision of the damaged DNA strand 5' to the lesion by the ERCC1:ERCC4 (ERCC1:XPF) complex. 3' incision by XPG (ERCC5) is not required for the loading of the DNA polymerases and may not be required for the initiation of NER-mediated DNA synthesis (Staresincic et al. 2009). XPG and RPA promote the assembly of the DNA synthesis complex at the NER site (Mocquet et al. 2008).
R-HSA-6782224 (Reactome) In transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER), as well as in global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER), the cleavage of the damaged DNA strand 3' to the site of damage is carried out by a DNA endonuclease XPG (ERCC5). While the NER-mediated DNA synthesis may be initiated prior to the 3' incision (Staresincic et al. 2009), the components of the incision complex probably dissociate from the NER site shortly after the DNA synthesis complex assembly and 3' incision (Overmeer et al. 2011). The exception is the RPA heterotrimer, which is a constituent of the NER post-incision complex, and also coats the undamaged DNA strand, thereby protecting it from endonucleolytic cleavage. RNA polymerase II-associated factors also remain bound to the TC-NER site.
R-HSA-6782227 (Reactome) The nucleotide excision repair (NER) is completed when the newly synthesized fragment is ligated to the incised DNA strand, thus sealing the single stranded nick (SSB). Two DNA ligases, LIG1 and LIG3 (as a part of LIG3:XRCC1 complex) can perform the ligation in transcription-coupled NER (TC-NER), as well as in global genome NER (GG-NER). The choice of NER DNA ligase depends on the DNA polymerase involved in repair synthesis and probably the stage of the cell cycle (Moser et al. 2007).
R-HSA-6782234 (Reactome) After DNA repair synthesis is completed at transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) sites, transcription resumes. A number of factors have been implicated in this process. ERCC6 (CSB) contains an ubiquitin-binding domain that is indispensable for its function in TC-NER and the restoration of damage-inhibited RNA synthesis (Anindya et al. 2010). The ubiquitin ligase activity of the ERCC8:DDB1:CUL4:RBX1 complex plays an important role in termination of TC-NER, possibly by targeting ERCC6 or its ubiquitinated partner for degradation and promoting dissociation of repair factors from the RNA polymerase II complex (Groisman et al. 2006, Vermeulen and Fousteri 2013). The ubiquitin protease complex composed of UVSSA and USP7 is also implicated in the recovery of RNA synthesis (RRS) (Nakazawa et al. 2012, Scwertman et al. 2012, Zhang et al. 2012, Fei and Chen 2012). ELL protein, recruited to the TFIIH complex, possibly as a component of the little elongation complex, is needed for RRS (Mourgues et al. 2013). Furthermore, histone chaperone FACT promotes accelerated histone exchange at TC-NER sites, allowing efficient progression of TC-NER and restoration of RNA synthesis after the repair of transcription blocking damages is completed (Dinant et al. 2013).
R-HSA-6782943 (Reactome) The role of UV-DDB-mediated ubiquitination in global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER) has not been fully elucidated.

In the absence of DNA damage, the ubiquitin ligase activity of UV-DDB complex is inhibited by association with the COP9 signalosome (CSN complex), which dissociates from the UV-DDB complex upon binding to damaged DNA (Groisman et al. 2003, Fischer et al. 2011). Ubiquitination of XPC by UV-DDB promotes XPC retention at GG-NER sites, while progressive autoubiquitination of UV-DDB promotes the dissociation of UV-DDB from the DNA and may act as an intracellular signal (Sugasawa et al. 2005). The UV-DDB complex also ubiquitinates histones H2A, H3 and H4, which may trigger chromatin remodeling at DNA damage site and regulate the accessibility of damaged DNA to repair factors (Kapetanaki et al. 2006, Wang et al. 2006).

R-HSA-6790454 (Reactome) XPC undergoes SUMOylation following UV irradiation on several consensus SUMOylation sites (van Cuijk et al. 2015). SUMOylation of XPC probably succeeds the UV-DDB mediated ubiquitination of XPC, as the presence of both DDB2 and XPA is required for SUMOylation (Wang et al. 2005), but it has also been reported that SUMOylation of XPC was DDB2-independent (Akita et al. 2015). It is unclear whether XPC is modified by SUMO1 (Wang et al. 2005, Akita et al. 2015) or poly-SUMO2/3 (Poulsen et al. 2013). SUMO conjugases PIAS1 and PIAS3 both interact with XPC and may catalyze XPC SUMOylation (Akita et al. 2015).
R-HSA-6790487 (Reactome) SUMOylated XPC is recognized by the SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase RNF111 (Arcadia) that, together with the E2 ubiquitin conjugating complex of UBE2N (UBC13) and UBE2V2 (MMS2), generates K63-linked polyubiquitin chains on XPC (Poulsen et al. 2013) to efficiently release XPC from UV lesions (van Cuijk et al. 2015). The release of K63-polyubiquitinated XPC occurs from GG-NER pre-incision complexes that contain TFIIH and XPA and promotes optimal access/binding of ERCC5 (XPG) endonuclease to the pre-incision complex (van Cuijk et al. 2015). Successful binding of ERCC5 endonuclease 3' to the damage facilitates binding of the ERCC1:ERCC4 (ERCC1:XPF) endonuclease and progression of the NER reaction.
RAD23R-HSA-5691004 (Reactome)
RFC HeteropentamerR-HSA-5690213 (Reactome)
RFC HeteropentamerR-HSA-6782211 (Reactome)
RNA

Polymerase II holoenzyme complex

(hyperphosphorylated)
ArrowR-HSA-6782234 (Reactome)
RNA Polymerase II

holoenzyme complex

(unphosphorylated)
R-HSA-6781818 (Reactome)
RNF111mim-catalysisR-HSA-6790487 (Reactome)
RPA heterotrimerR-HSA-5689317 (Reactome)
RPA heterotrimerR-HSA-6782138 (Reactome)
SUMO1,2,3:UBE2IR-HSA-6790454 (Reactome)
TC-NER

incision complex: 5'-incised damaged DNA:trimmed nascent

mRNA:(PCNA:POLD,POLE), (MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFC
ArrowR-HSA-6782211 (Reactome)
TC-NER

incision complex: 5'-incised damaged DNA:trimmed nascent

mRNA:(PCNA:POLD,POLE), (MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFC
R-HSA-6782224 (Reactome)
TC-NER

incision complex: 5'-incised damaged DNA:trimmed nascent

mRNA:(PCNA:POLD,POLE), (MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFC
mim-catalysisR-HSA-6782224 (Reactome)
TC-NER

post-incision

complex:SSB-dsDNA:trimmed nascent mRNA: (PCNA:POLD,POLE), (MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFC
ArrowR-HSA-6782208 (Reactome)
TC-NER

post-incision

complex:SSB-dsDNA:trimmed nascent mRNA: (PCNA:POLD,POLE), (MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFC
R-HSA-6782227 (Reactome)
TC-NER

post-incision complex:incised DNA without lesion:trimmed nascent

mRNA:PCNA:(PCNA:POLD,POLE),(MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFC
ArrowR-HSA-6782224 (Reactome)
TC-NER

post-incision complex:incised DNA without lesion:trimmed nascent

mRNA:PCNA:(PCNA:POLD,POLE),(MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFC
R-HSA-6782208 (Reactome)
TC-NER

post-incision complex:incised DNA without lesion:trimmed nascent

mRNA:PCNA:(PCNA:POLD,POLE),(MonoUb:K164-PCNA:POLK):RPA:RFC
mim-catalysisR-HSA-6782208 (Reactome)
TC-NER

pre-incision complex:Open bubble damaged DNA

template:RPA:ERCC5:trimmed nascent mRNA
ArrowR-HSA-6782138 (Reactome)
TC-NER

pre-incision complex:Open bubble damaged DNA

template:RPA:ERCC5:trimmed nascent mRNA
R-HSA-6782141 (Reactome)
TC-NER incision

complex:5'-incised damaged DNA:trimmed

nascent mRNA
ArrowR-HSA-6782204 (Reactome)
TC-NER incision

complex:5'-incised damaged DNA:trimmed

nascent mRNA
R-HSA-6782211 (Reactome)
TC-NER incision complexArrowR-HSA-6782141 (Reactome)
TC-NER incision complexR-HSA-6782204 (Reactome)
TC-NER incision complexmim-catalysisR-HSA-6782204 (Reactome)
TC-NER post-incision

complex:dsDNA with transcription

bubble
ArrowR-HSA-6782227 (Reactome)
TC-NER post-incision

complex:dsDNA with transcription

bubble
R-HSA-6782234 (Reactome)
TC-NER pre-incision

complex:Open bubble damaged DNA template:trimmed

nascent mRNA
ArrowR-HSA-6782131 (Reactome)
TC-NER pre-incision

complex:Open bubble damaged DNA template:trimmed

nascent mRNA
R-HSA-6782138 (Reactome)
TC-NER pre-incision complexArrowR-HSA-6782069 (Reactome)
TC-NER pre-incision complexR-HSA-6782131 (Reactome)
TC-NER pre-incision complexmim-catalysisR-HSA-6782131 (Reactome)
TCEA1ArrowR-HSA-6782234 (Reactome)
TCEA1R-HSA-6782004 (Reactome)
TFIIH CoreArrowR-HSA-5690988 (Reactome)
TFIIHArrowR-HSA-6782234 (Reactome)
TFIIHR-HSA-5691000 (Reactome)
TFIIHR-HSA-6781818 (Reactome)
UBE2IArrowR-HSA-6790454 (Reactome)
UBE2N:UBE2V2ArrowR-HSA-6790487 (Reactome)
USP45mim-catalysisR-HSA-5696465 (Reactome)
UV-DDB:COP9 SignalosomeR-HSA-5691006 (Reactome)
UVSSA:USP7ArrowR-HSA-6782234 (Reactome)
UVSSA:USP7R-HSA-6782004 (Reactome)
Ub,SUMO,K63polyUb:XPC:RAD23:CETN2ArrowR-HSA-6790487 (Reactome)
Ub,SUMO:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Open bubble-dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH Core:XPA:PAR-PARP1, PAR-PARP2:CHD1LArrowR-HSA-6790454 (Reactome)
Ub,SUMO:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Open bubble-dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH Core:XPA:PAR-PARP1, PAR-PARP2:CHD1LR-HSA-6790487 (Reactome)
Ub:ERCC1R-HSA-5696465 (Reactome)
Ub:ERCC6ArrowR-HSA-6782234 (Reactome)
Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:PAR-PARP1,PAR-PARP2ArrowR-HSA-5696655 (Reactome)
Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:PAR-PARP1,PAR-PARP2R-HSA-5691000 (Reactome)
Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH Core:XPA:PAR-PARP1,PAR-PARP2:CHD1LArrowR-HSA-5696670 (Reactome)
Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH Core:XPA:PAR-PARP1,PAR-PARP2:CHD1LR-HSA-5690996 (Reactome)
Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH Core:XPA:PAR-PARP1,PAR-PARP2:CHD1Lmim-catalysisR-HSA-5690996 (Reactome)
Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH Core:XPA:PAR-PARP1,PAR-PARP2ArrowR-HSA-5689861 (Reactome)
Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH Core:XPA:PAR-PARP1,PAR-PARP2R-HSA-5696670 (Reactome)
Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH:PAR-PARP1,PAR-PARP2ArrowR-HSA-5691000 (Reactome)
Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH:PAR-PARP1,PAR-PARP2R-HSA-5689861 (Reactome)
Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:UV-DDB:PARP1,PARP2ArrowR-HSA-5696664 (Reactome)
Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:UV-DDB:PARP1,PARP2R-HSA-5696655 (Reactome)
Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:UV-DDBArrowR-HSA-6782943 (Reactome)
Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:UV-DDBR-HSA-5696664 (Reactome)
Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Open bubble-dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH Core:XPA:PAR-PARP1,PAR-PARP2:CHD1LArrowR-HSA-5690996 (Reactome)
Ub:XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Open bubble-dsDNA:PAR-UV-DDB:TFIIH Core:XPA:PAR-PARP1,PAR-PARP2:CHD1LR-HSA-6790454 (Reactome)
UbArrowR-HSA-5696465 (Reactome)
UbArrowR-HSA-6782069 (Reactome)
UbR-HSA-6781867 (Reactome)
UbR-HSA-6782943 (Reactome)
Ubiquitinated,hyperphosphorylated RNA Pol II:Damaged DNA template:nascent mRNA hybrid:TFIIH:Ub:ERCC6:ERCC8:DDB1:CUL4:RBX1:UVSSA:USP7:XAB2 complex:XPA:TCEA1:HMGN1:EP300ArrowR-HSA-6782004 (Reactome)
Ubiquitinated,hyperphosphorylated RNA Pol II:Damaged DNA template:nascent mRNA hybrid:TFIIH:Ub:ERCC6:ERCC8:DDB1:CUL4:RBX1:UVSSA:USP7:XAB2 complex:XPA:TCEA1:HMGN1:EP300R-HSA-6782069 (Reactome)
Ubiquitinated,hyperphosphorylated RNA Pol II:Damaged DNA template:nascent mRNA hybrid:TFIIH:Ub:ERCC6:ERCC8:DDB1:CUL4:RBX1:UVSSA:USP7:XAB2 complex:XPA:TCEA1:HMGN1:EP300mim-catalysisR-HSA-6782069 (Reactome)
Ubiquitinated,hyperphosphorylated RNA Pol II:Damaged DNA template:nascent mRNA hybrid:TFIIH:Ub:ERCC6:ERCC8:DDB1:CUL4:RBX1ArrowR-HSA-6781867 (Reactome)
Ubiquitinated,hyperphosphorylated RNA Pol II:Damaged DNA template:nascent mRNA hybrid:TFIIH:Ub:ERCC6:ERCC8:DDB1:CUL4:RBX1R-HSA-6782004 (Reactome)
XAB2 complexArrowR-HSA-6782234 (Reactome)
XAB2 complexR-HSA-6782004 (Reactome)
XPAArrowR-HSA-5690988 (Reactome)
XPAArrowR-HSA-6782224 (Reactome)
XPAR-HSA-5689861 (Reactome)
XPAR-HSA-6782004 (Reactome)
XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:UV-DDBArrowR-HSA-5691006 (Reactome)
XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:UV-DDBR-HSA-6782943 (Reactome)
XPC:RAD23:CETN2:Distorted dsDNA:UV-DDBmim-catalysisR-HSA-6782943 (Reactome)
XPC:RAD23:CETN2ArrowR-HSA-5691004 (Reactome)
XPC:RAD23:CETN2R-HSA-5691006 (Reactome)
XPCR-HSA-5691004 (Reactome)
dNTPR-HSA-5691001 (Reactome)
dNTPR-HSA-6782208 (Reactome)
dsDNAArrowR-HSA-5690997 (Reactome)
dsDNAArrowR-HSA-6782234 (Reactome)
excised DNA fragment with lesionArrowR-HSA-5690988 (Reactome)
mRNAArrowR-HSA-6782234 (Reactome)
ribonucleoside triphosphateR-HSA-6781824 (Reactome)
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