TGF-beta receptor signaling in skeletal dysplasias (Homo sapiens)

Added diseases linked with a dotted arrow to GeneProduct nodes, dotted arrow indicates what diseases are caused by mutation in the respective genes.

The exact role of ADAMTS10 and ADAMTSL2 is currently unknown, they are known to interact wiht FBN1.

The Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway is involved in many cellular processes in both the adult organism and the developing embryo including cell growth, cell differentiation, apoptosis, cellular homeostasis and other cellular functions. In spite of the wide range of cellular processes that the TGFβ signaling pathway regulates, the process is relatively simple. TGFβ superfamily ligands bind to a type II receptor, which recruits and phosphorylates a type I receptor. The type I receptor then phosphorylates receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMADs) which can now bind the coSMAD SMAD4. R-SMAD/coSMAD complexes accumulate in the nucleus where they act as transcription factors and participate in the regulation of target gene expression. (source: WikiPedia).