Thyroxine (thyroid hormone) production (Homo sapiens)

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1HypothalamusThyroglobulinTriiodothyronine (T3)131 Iodide127 IodideTRHL-TyrosineThyroidperoxidaseTSHThyroxine (T4)TSHRAnterior pituitaryThyroid


Description

Thyroxine hormone is produced in the thyroid gland from tyrosine and iodine. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is produced by the hypothalamus. It stimulates the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the anterior pituitary gland, which affects the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR). Iodine is captured by a hydrogen peroxide trap procuced by thyroid peroxidase and added to the 3' and 5' postitions of tyrosine. This can either be free tyrosine or a tyrosine residue in thyroglobuline. After the multiple iodination steps this produces T3 and T4.

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Ontology Terms

 

Bibliography

  1. Citterio CE, Targovnik HM, Arvan P; ''The role of thyroglobulin in thyroid hormonogenesis.''; Nat Rev Endocrinol, 2019 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  2. Van Herle, A.J ., G. Vassart, J.E . Dumont; ''Control of thyroglobulin synthesis and secretion''; N. Engl. J. Med. 301:239, 1979 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  3. Ron E, Lubin JH, Shore RE, Mabuchi K, Modan B, Pottern LM, Schneider AB, Tucker MA, Boice JD Jr; ''Thyroid cancer after exposure to external radiation: a pooled analysis of seven studies.''; Radiat Res, 1995 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

View all...
CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
128723view02:17, 21 February 2024EweitzStandardize font family, refine ordering
122822view16:35, 21 May 2022EgonwReplaced a secondary with a primary ChEBI identifier.
122778view13:21, 15 May 2022CMalyarFixed connection of the arrows
122777view12:11, 15 May 2022CMalyarChanged the interaction type between iodide and TPO
122743view19:43, 7 May 2022CMalyarModified visual structure, added new identifiers and references.
122704view09:43, 4 May 2022EgonwFixed metabolite identifiers (removed bad spaces)
122692view09:31, 3 May 2022CMalyar
122691view20:29, 2 May 2022CMalyar
122676view12:35, 1 May 2022CMalyar
117185view10:20, 18 May 2021EweitzModified title
106141view12:03, 16 August 2019MaintBotHMDB identifier normalization
96314view09:04, 8 March 2018Mkutmonremoved outdated pathway attributes
96012view14:53, 15 February 2018EgonwI need to dive into the exact mechanism... making it an plain arrow for now.
85189view15:40, 23 April 2016EgonwReplaced a mim-conversion with Arrow.
85188view15:38, 23 April 2016EgonwRemoved a "Label" label.
70955view21:25, 17 September 2013MaintBotadded xref for TG
70671view15:56, 24 August 2013EgonwAdded Pubchem-compound CIDs for the two 137I ions.
70030view01:57, 12 July 2013AlexanderPicoModified title
68909view17:30, 8 July 2013MaintBotUpdated to 2013 gpml schema
54373view15:18, 28 November 2012Mkutmonadded some labels and ioniation error
54372view15:10, 28 November 2012EveloModified description
54371view15:07, 28 November 2012EveloModified description
54364view14:51, 28 November 2012Mkutmonupdated MIM interactions
44968view13:21, 6 October 2011Mkutmonconnected lines
44471view20:38, 14 September 2011MaintBotAdded category
42772view17:05, 29 April 2011LribeiroPeriodical save, work in progress
42771view16:40, 29 April 2011LribeiroModified description
42770view15:39, 29 April 2011LribeiroModified description
42756view18:43, 28 April 2011LribeiroPeriodical save, work in progress
42755view18:32, 28 April 2011LribeiroPeriodical save, work in progress
42754view18:22, 28 April 2011LribeiroPeriodical save, work in progress
42742view19:56, 26 April 2011LribeiroPeriodical save, work in progress
42741view19:46, 26 April 2011LribeiroPeriodical save, work in progress
42740view19:36, 26 April 2011LribeiroPeriodical save, work in progress
42413view09:03, 23 March 2011EveloConnected some hormone interaction
42299view20:50, 14 March 2011EveloPeriodical save, work in progress
42298view20:04, 14 March 2011EveloAdded iodide symporter
42297view19:54, 14 March 2011EveloPeriodical save, work in progress
42296view19:24, 14 March 2011EveloOntology Term : 'thyroid hormone signaling pathway' added !
42295view19:22, 14 March 2011EveloOntology Term : 'thyroid gland disease' added !
42287view13:15, 14 March 2011EveloAdded organs
42286view12:43, 14 March 2011MkutmonCorrection of the name
42281view22:04, 13 March 2011EveloModified description
42280view22:00, 13 March 2011EveloSpecify description
42279view21:54, 13 March 2011EveloAdded TPO
42278view21:44, 13 March 2011EveloAdded Thyroglobulin
42277view21:26, 13 March 2011EveloModified description
42276view21:17, 13 March 2011EveloModified description
42275view21:11, 13 March 2011EveloSpecify description
42274view21:01, 13 March 2011EveloPeriodical save, work in progress

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
127 IodideMetaboliteHMDB12238 (HMDB)
131 IodideMetabolite
L-TyrosineMetaboliteHMDB00158 (HMDB)
TRHGeneProduct7200 (Entrez Gene)
TSHGeneProduct1081 (Entrez Gene)
TSHRGeneProduct7253 (Entrez Gene)
ThyroglobulinGeneProduct7038 (Entrez Gene)
ThyroidperoxidaseGeneProduct7173 (Entrez Gene)
Thyroxine (T4)MetaboliteHMDB00248 (HMDB)
Triiodothyronine (T3)Metabolite5707 (Chemspider)

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions

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