NAD salvage pathway I (Escherichia coli)

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1-19pncANiacinamidepncBNADnucleosidaseAdenosinediphosphateribosenudCpncCNicotinamide ribotidenadEnadDNMN nucleosidaseD-Ribose5-phosphateNicotinic acidNADNicotinic acidmononucleotideNicotinic acidadeninedinucleotideHydrogen IonAdenosinemonophosphateAmmoniaWaterL-GlutamineL-Glutamic acidAdenosinetriphosphatePyrophosphatePhosphoribosylpyrophosphateHydrogen IonAdenosinetriphosphatePyrophosphatePyrophosphateHydrogen IonHydrogen IonWaterWaterWaterHydrogen IonHydrogen IonAdenosinemonophosphateHydrogen IonAmmoniaHydrogen IonWaterNiacinamideHydrogen IonWater


Description

NAD molecules have a short half-life (90 minute), so even though they are not consumed during oxidation reactions, they are degraded by certain enzymes. When they are degraded, the pyrimidine moiety of the molecule can be recovered through NAD salvaging cycles. This pathway is responsible for two things: the recycling of Nicotinamide ribotide and Nicotinamide and the absorption of of exogenous NAD+.

Comments

 
source: http://biocyc.org/ECOLI/NEW-IMAGE?type=PATHWAY&object=PYRIDNUCSAL-PWY&detail-level=2

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Ontology Terms

 

Bibliography

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  1. Bork P, Koonin EV; ''A P-loop-like motif in a widespread ATP pyrophosphatase domain: implications for the evolution of sequence motifs and enzyme activity.''; Proteins, 1994 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  2. Baecker PA, Yung SG, Rodriguez M, Austin E, Andreoli AJ; ''Periplasmic localization of nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase in Escherichia coli.''; J Bacteriol, 1978 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  3. Gerdes SY, Scholle MD, D'Souza M, Bernal A, Baev MV, Farrell M, Kurnasov OV, Daugherty MD, Mseeh F, Polanuyer BM, Campbell JW, Anantha S, Shatalin KY, Chowdhury SA, Fonstein MY, Osterman AL; ''From genetic footprinting to antimicrobial drug targets: examples in cofactor biosynthetic pathways.''; J Bacteriol, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  4. Ozment C, Barchue J, DeLucas LJ, Chattopadhyay D; ''Structural study of Escherichia coli NAD synthetase: overexpression, purification, crystallization, and preliminary crystallographic analysis.''; J Struct Biol, 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  5. Andreoli AJ, Okita TW, Bloom R, Grover TA; ''''; , PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  6. Jauch R, Humm A, Huber R, Wahl MC; ''Structures of Escherichia coli NAD synthetase with substrates and products reveal mechanistic rearrangements.''; J Biol Chem, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  7. Foster JW, Baskowsky-Foster AM; ''Pyridine nucleotide cycle of Salmonella typhimurium: in vivo recycling of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.''; J Bacteriol, 1980 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  8. De Lay N, Gottesman S; ''The Crp-activated small noncoding regulatory RNA CyaR (RyeE) links nutritional status to group behavior.''; J Bacteriol, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  9. Galeazzi L, Bocci P, Amici A, Brunetti L, Ruggieri S, Romine M, Reed S, Osterman AL, Rodionov DA, Sorci L, Raffaelli N; ''Identification of nicotinamide mononucleotide deamidase of the bacterial pyridine nucleotide cycle reveals a novel broadly conserved amidohydrolase family.''; J Biol Chem, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  10. Mehl RA, Kinsland C, Begley TP; ''Identification of the Escherichia coli nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase gene.''; J Bacteriol, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  11. Hillyard D, Rechsteiner M, Manlapaz-Ramos P, Imperial JS, Cruz LJ, Olivera BM; ''The pyridine nucleotide cycle. Studies in Escherichia coli and the human cell line D98/AH2.''; J Biol Chem, 1981 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  12. Isaksson LA, Takata R; ''The temperature sensitive mutant 72c. I. Pleiotropic growth behaviour and changed response to some antibiotics and mutations in the transcription or translation apparatus.''; Mol Gen Genet, 1978 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  13. Park UE, Roth JR, Olivera BM; ''Salmonella typhimurium mutants lacking NAD pyrophosphatase.''; J Bacteriol, 1988 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  14. Dahmen W, Webb B, Preiss J; ''The deamido-diphosphopyridine nucleotide and diphosphopyridine nucleotide pyrophosphorylases of Escherichia coli and yeast.''; Arch Biochem Biophys, 1967 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  15. Khil PP, Camerini-Otero RD; ''Over 1000 genes are involved in the DNA damage response of Escherichia coli.''; Mol Microbiol, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  16. Allibert P, Willison JC, Vignais PM; ''Complementation of nitrogen-regulatory (ntr-like) mutations in Rhodobacter capsulatus by an Escherichia coli gene: cloning and sequencing of the gene and characterization of the gene product.''; J Bacteriol, 1987 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  17. IMSANDE J; ''Pathway of diphosphopyridine nucleotide biosynthesis in Escherichia coli.''; J Biol Chem, 1961 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  18. Pardee AB, Benz EJ Jr, St Peter DA, Krieger JN, Meuth M, Trieshmann HW Jr; ''Hyperproduction and purification of nicotinamide deamidase, a microconstitutive enzyme of Escherichia coli.''; J Biol Chem, 1971 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  19. Foster JW, Kinney DM, Moat AG; ''Pyridine nucleotide cycle of Salmonella typhimurium: isolation and characterization of pncA, pncB, and pncC mutants and utilization of exogenous nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.''; J Bacteriol, 1979 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

View all...
CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
106099view12:00, 16 August 2019MaintBotHMDB identifier normalization
71962view23:35, 23 October 2013MaintBotAutomated update of data sources
62865view10:30, 3 May 2013CizarModified description
62262view22:15, 26 April 2013AlexanderPicoModified description
62261view22:15, 26 April 2013AlexanderPicoOntology Term : 'pyridine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway' added !
62260view21:58, 26 April 2013AlexanderPicoOntology Term : 'NAD biosynthetic pathway' added !
62259view21:58, 26 April 2013AlexanderPicoOntology Term : 'purine salvage pathway' added !
62258view21:58, 26 April 2013AlexanderPicoOntology Term : 'PW:0000863' removed !
62251view21:50, 26 April 2013AlexanderPicoModified categories
62250view21:50, 26 April 2013AlexanderPicoOntology Term : 'pyrimidine salvage pathway' added !
62003view09:16, 23 April 2013CizarSpecify description
62002view09:15, 23 April 2013CizarCorrected and added some annotations
61952view07:36, 22 April 2013Cizargrouped metabolites and aligned them
61803view10:47, 19 April 2013CizarModified description
61802view10:31, 19 April 2013Cizaraddded references
61795view09:51, 19 April 2013CizarNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
Adenosine

diphosphate

ribose		MetaboliteHMDB01178 (HMDB)
Adenosine monophosphateMetaboliteHMDB00045 (HMDB)
Adenosine triphosphateMetaboliteHMDB00538 (HMDB)
AmmoniaMetaboliteHMDB00051 (HMDB)
D-Ribose 5-phosphateMetaboliteHMDB01548 (HMDB)
Hydrogen IonMetaboliteHMDB59597 (HMDB)
L-Glutamic acidMetaboliteHMDB00148 (HMDB)
L-GlutamineMetaboliteHMDB00641 (HMDB)
NAD nucleosidaseGeneProduct
NADMetaboliteHMDB00902 (HMDB)
NMN nucleosidaseGeneProduct
NiacinamideMetaboliteHMDB01406 (HMDB)
Nicotinamide ribotideMetaboliteHMDB00229 (HMDB)
Nicotinic acid

adenine

dinucleotide		MetaboliteHMDB01179 (HMDB)
Nicotinic acid mononucleotideMetaboliteHMDB01132 (HMDB)
Nicotinic acidMetaboliteHMDB01488 (HMDB)
Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphateMetaboliteHMDB00280 (HMDB)
PyrophosphateMetaboliteHMDB00250 (HMDB)
WaterMetaboliteHMDB02111 (HMDB)
nadDGeneProductEBESCG00000001808 (Ensembl)
nadEGeneProductEBESCG00000001347 (Ensembl)
nudCGeneProductEBESCG00000003522 (Ensembl)
pncAGeneProductEBESCG00000002953 (Ensembl)
pncBGeneProductEBESCG00000000193 (Ensembl)
pncCGeneProduct

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions
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