Meiotic synapsis (Homo sapiens)

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3, 822, 9104, 71, 25, 6Extended And Processed Telomere End Folded Into Higher Order Structure Unsynapsed Chromatin Nucleosome containing Histone gamma-H2A.x Nucleosome containing Histone H2A.x Meiotic Cohesin Complex Meiotic Cohesin Complex Axial/Lateral Element of Synaptonemal Complex Nucleosome Nucleosome Synaptonemal Complex Axial/Lateral Element of Synaptonemal Complex Axial/Lateral Element of Synaptonemal Complex Unsynapsed Chromatin Nucleosome containing Histone H2A.x Shelterin complex Shelterin complex Meiotic Cohesin Complex Central Element of Synaptonemal Complex Telomere Attachment Plate SynaptonemalBRCA1ATR Complex Extended And Processed Telomere End Folded Into Higher Order Structure Unsynapsed Chromatin Meiotic Cohesin Complex Nucleosome containing Histone H2A.x Meiotic Cohesin Complex Meiotic Cohesin Complex Axial/Lateral Element of Synaptonemal Complex Unsynapsed Chromatin containing gamma-H2A.x Meiotic Cohesin Complex Extended And Processed Telomere End and Associated DNA Binding and Packaging Protein Complex Folded Into Higher Order Structure Axial/Lateral Element of Synaptonemal Complex nucleoplasmTransverse Filament of Synaptonemal Complex SynaptonemalBRCA1 Complex Meiotic Cohesin Complex Axial/Lateral Element of Synaptonemal Complex SynaptonemalBRCA1 Complex Extended And Processed Telomere End and Associated DNA Binding and Packaging Protein Complex Folded Into Higher Order Structure Axial/Lateral Element of Synaptonemal Complex nuclear envelopeTERF2 SMC1A ATPSMC1B RAD21 TINF2 SYCE2 TERF1 SMC1B SMC3 STAG2 SYCP3 SYCP3 ACD SYCP2 REC8 RAD21 STAG2 STAG2 DIDO1-1STAG1 BRCA1 STAG3 SMC3 STAG3 SMC1A STAG1 Axial/Lateral Element of Synaptonemal ComplexSYCP3 SMC1B TINF2 RAD21 Unsynapsed Chromatin containing gamma-H2A.xUnsynapsed ChromatinBRCA1 RAD21 SMC1A TEX12 SMC3 UBE2I TERF2 RAD21 SYCE1SYCP1SYNE2 Extended And Processed Telomere End and Associated DNA Binding and Packaging Protein Complex Folded Into Higher Order StructureTEX12H2AFX STAG3 BRCA1UBE2ISMC3 HIST3H3 SMC3 STAG2 ACD HIST1H4A HIST3H3 STAG2 SYNE1SUN2HIST3H3 HIST1H4A SYCP2 REC8 POT1 STAG3 SYCP2 TERF2IPREC8 LMNA-2TERF2IPREC8 SMC1B LMNA-2 SYCP3 STAG3 HIST1H4A RAD21 LMNB1DIDO1-1 SYCP2 Synaptonemal ComplexATR SYCP3 SMC1A SMC1A STAG1 REC8 REC8 FKBP6 FKBP6SMC3 SUN1 SMC1B HIST3H3 REC8 SynaptonemalBRCA1ATR ComplexSYCP3SYCP2 SMC1A STAG1 REC8 SYCP3 STAG3 HSPA2 SMC3 H2AFX RAD21 HIST3H3 SMC1B SMC1A STAG1 HIST1H4A STAG3 SYCP2 STAG2 SYCP3 ADPTelomere Attachment PlateSYCE1 SYCP2 SYCP2STAG1 SynaptonemalBRCA1 ComplexSTAG1 SYCE2STAG1 STAG2 POT1 STAG2 HIST1H4A LMNB1SMC1A SYNE1 SYNE2SUN1HIST1H4A TERF1 H2AFX SMC3 SUN2 SYCP1 STAG3 SMC1B HSPA2p-S139-H2AFX HIST3H3 SMC1B RAD21 ATRMeiotic Cohesin Complex22


Description

Meiotic synapsis is the stable physical pairing of homologous chromosomes that begins in leptonema of prophase I and lasts until anaphase of prophase I. First, short segments of axial elements form along chromosomes. Telomeres then cluster at a region of the inner nuclear membrane and axial elements extend and fuse along the length of the chromosomes. Subsequent to the initiation of recombination transverse filaments of SYCP1 link axial/lateral elements to a central element containing SYCE1 and SYCE2, thus forming the synaptonemal complex (reviewed in Yang and Wang 2009).
Unsynapsed regions are silenced during pachynema by recruitment of BRCA1 and ATR, which phosphorylates histone H2AX (reviewed in Inagaki et al. 2010). Original Pathway at Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#DB=gk_current&FOCUS_SPECIES_ID=48887&FOCUS_PATHWAY_ID=1221632

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Bibliography

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  1. Inagaki A, Schoenmakers S, Baarends WM.; ''DNA double strand break repair, chromosome synapsis and transcriptional silencing in meiosis.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  2. Scully R, Chen J, Plug A, Xiao Y, Weaver D, Feunteun J, Ashley T, Livingston DM.; ''Association of BRCA1 with Rad51 in mitotic and meiotic cells.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  3. Prieto I, Tease C, Pezzi N, Buesa JM, Ortega S, Kremer L, Martínez A, Martínez-A C, Hultén MA, Barbero JL.; ''Cohesin component dynamics during meiotic prophase I in mammalian oocytes.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  4. Yang F, Wang PJ.; ''The Mammalian synaptonemal complex: a scaffold and beyond.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  5. Garcia-Cruz R, Roig I, Robles P, Scherthan H, Garcia Caldés M.; ''ATR, BRCA1 and gammaH2AX localize to unsynapsed chromosomes at the pachytene stage in human oocytes.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  6. Garcia-Cruz R, Brieño MA, Roig I, Grossmann M, Velilla E, Pujol A, Cabero L, Pessarrodona A, Barbero JL, Garcia Caldés M.; ''Dynamics of cohesin proteins REC8, STAG3, SMC1 beta and SMC3 are consistent with a role in sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis in human oocytes.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  7. Ward IM, Chen J.; ''Histone H2AX is phosphorylated in an ATR-dependent manner in response to replicational stress.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  8. Tarsounas M, Pearlman RE, Gasser PJ, Park MS, Moens PB.; ''Protein-protein interactions in the synaptonemal complex.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  9. Scherthan H, Weich S, Schwegler H, Heyting C, Härle M, Cremer T.; ''Centromere and telomere movements during early meiotic prophase of mouse and man are associated with the onset of chromosome pairing.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  10. Roig I, Liebe B, Egozcue J, Cabero L, Garcia M, Scherthan H.; ''Female-specific features of recombinational double-stranded DNA repair in relation to synapsis and telomere dynamics in human oocytes.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

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CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
114710view16:19, 25 January 2021ReactomeTeamReactome version 75
113155view11:22, 2 November 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 74
112383view15:31, 9 October 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 73
101286view11:17, 1 November 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 66
100823view20:48, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 65
100364view19:23, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 64
99910view16:06, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 63
99466view14:39, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62 (2nd attempt)
99121view12:40, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62
93808view13:37, 16 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
93350view11:21, 9 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
87987view13:23, 25 July 2016RyanmillerOntology Term : 'cell cycle pathway, meiotic' added !
87882view12:20, 25 July 2016RyanmillerOntology Term : 'regulatory pathway' added !
86434view09:18, 11 July 2016ReactomeTeamreactome version 56
83156view10:11, 18 November 2015ReactomeTeamVersion54
81763view10:09, 26 August 2015ReactomeTeamVersion53
76957view08:23, 17 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
76662view12:03, 16 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
75991view10:05, 11 June 2014ReactomeTeamRe-fixing comment source
75694view11:03, 10 June 2014ReactomeTeamReactome 48 Update
75050view13:56, 8 May 2014AnweshaFixing comment source for displaying WikiPathways description
74694view08:46, 30 April 2014ReactomeTeamNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

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NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
ACD ProteinQ96AP0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADPMetaboliteCHEBI:16761 (ChEBI)
ATPMetaboliteCHEBI:15422 (ChEBI)
ATR ProteinQ13535 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ATRProteinQ13535 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Axial/Lateral Element of Synaptonemal ComplexComplexREACT_76597 (Reactome)
BRCA1 ProteinP38398 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
BRCA1ProteinP38398 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DIDO1-1 ProteinQ9BTC0-1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DIDO1-1ProteinQ9BTC0-1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Extended And Processed Telomere End and Associated DNA Binding and Packaging Protein Complex Folded Into Higher Order StructureComplexREACT_8525 (Reactome)
FKBP6 ProteinO75344 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FKBP6ProteinO75344 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
H2AFX ProteinP16104 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HIST1H4A ProteinP62805 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HIST3H3 ProteinQ16695 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HSPA2 ProteinP54652 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HSPA2ProteinP54652 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LMNA-2 ProteinP02545-2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LMNA-2ProteinP02545-2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LMNB1ProteinP20700 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Meiotic Cohesin ComplexComplexREACT_76256 (Reactome)
POT1 ProteinQ9NUX5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RAD21 ProteinO60216 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
REC8 ProteinO95072 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SMC1A ProteinQ14683 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SMC1B ProteinQ8NDV3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SMC3 ProteinQ9UQE7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
STAG1 ProteinQ8WVM7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
STAG2 ProteinQ8N3U4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
STAG3 ProteinQ9UJ98 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SUN1 ProteinO94901 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SUN1ProteinO94901 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SUN2 ProteinQ9UH99 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SUN2ProteinQ9UH99 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCE1 ProteinQ8N0S2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCE1ProteinQ8N0S2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCE2 ProteinQ6PIF2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCE2ProteinQ6PIF2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCP1 ProteinQ15431 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCP1ProteinQ15431 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCP2 ProteinQ9BX26 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCP2ProteinQ9BX26 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCP3 ProteinQ8IZU3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCP3ProteinQ8IZU3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYNE1 ProteinQ8NF91 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYNE1ProteinQ8NF91 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYNE2 ProteinQ8WXH0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYNE2ProteinQ8WXH0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Synaptonemal

BRCA1

ATR Complex		ComplexREACT_75938 (Reactome)
Synaptonemal BRCA1 ComplexComplexREACT_76427 (Reactome) BRCA1 localizes to axial elements of the synaptonemal complex in unsynapsed regions of chromosomes. The localization requires SYCP1 of the synaptonemal complex.
Synaptonemal ComplexComplexREACT_76002 (Reactome)
TERF1 ProteinP54274 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TERF2 ProteinQ15554 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TERF2IPProteinQ9NYB0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TEX12 ProteinQ9BXU0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TEX12ProteinQ9BXU0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TINF2 ProteinQ9BSI4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Telomere Attachment PlateComplexREACT_76658 (Reactome)
UBE2I ProteinP63279 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBE2IProteinP63279 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Unsynapsed Chromatin containing gamma-H2A.xComplexREACT_75943 (Reactome)
Unsynapsed ChromatinComplexREACT_76872 (Reactome)
p-S139-H2AFX ProteinP16104 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)

Annotated Interactions

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SourceTargetTypeDatabase referenceComment
ADPArrowREACT_75904 (Reactome)
ATPREACT_75904 (Reactome)
ATRREACT_75923 (Reactome)
Axial/Lateral Element of Synaptonemal ComplexREACT_75817 (Reactome)
Axial/Lateral Element of Synaptonemal ComplexREACT_75849 (Reactome)
BRCA1REACT_75884 (Reactome)
DIDO1-1REACT_75849 (Reactome)
Extended And Processed Telomere End and Associated DNA Binding and Packaging Protein Complex Folded Into Higher Order StructureREACT_75817 (Reactome)
FKBP6REACT_75849 (Reactome)
HSPA2REACT_75849 (Reactome)
LMNA-2REACT_75817 (Reactome)
LMNB1REACT_75817 (Reactome)
Meiotic Cohesin ComplexREACT_75874 (Reactome)
REACT_75817 (Reactome) As sections of the axial elements form, the telomeres migrate to one site on the inner nuclear membrane to form the telomere bouquet (Scherthan et al. 1996). A current model shows the synaptonemal complex interacting with SUN1 and SUN2, which span the inner membrane and bind Nesprin-1 and Nesprin-2, which span the outer membrane and bind cytoplasmic actin. Lamin-B1 and Lamin-C2 are located adjacent to the attachment plate on the inner membrane.
REACT_75849 (Reactome) Initiation of recombination precedes and is required for synapsis (Roig et al. 2004). The synaptonemal complex forms when transverse filaments of SYCP1 link axial/lateral elements of sister chromatids to a central element comprising SYCE1, SYCE2, and other proteins (Tarsounas et al. 1997). The order of assembly is unknown.
REACT_75874 (Reactome) Axial elements begin assembling as short linear segments along the long axis of the chromosome in leptotene phase. Eventually the short segments will fuse to form the complete axial element along the entire length of the chromosome. After synapsis the axial elements are also known as lateral elements of the synaptonemal complex. Within axial elements the sister chromatids are bound together by meiotic cohesin (Prieto et al. 2004, Garcia-Cruz et al. 2010). The bound chromatids are anchored to a complex containing SYCP2 and SYCP3 via a direct or indirect interaction with cohesin (Garcia-Cruz et al. 2010).
REACT_75884 (Reactome) Unsynapsed regions of chromosomes are silenced during pachytene phase by a process called Meiotic Silencing of Unsynapsed Chromatin (MSUC) and, in the case of the X and Y chromosomes, Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation (MSCI). Unsynapsed meiotic chromatin recruits BRCA1 (Scully et al. 1997, Garcia-Cruz et al. 2009). In mouse, the recruitment requires SYCP3 of axial elements of the synaptonemal complex, which may remain exposed in unsynapsed regions.
REACT_75904 (Reactome) The ATR kinase phosphorylates histone H2A.X at serine 139 (Ward and Chen 2001, Garcia-Cruz et al. 2009).
REACT_75923 (Reactome) Unsynapsed regions of chromosomes accumulate BRCA1, the kinase ATR, and the phosphorylated histone gammaH2AX. In mouse the recruitment of ATR depends on BRCA1.
SUN1REACT_75817 (Reactome)
SUN2REACT_75817 (Reactome)
SYCE1REACT_75849 (Reactome)
SYCE2REACT_75849 (Reactome)
SYCP1REACT_75849 (Reactome)
SYCP2REACT_75874 (Reactome)
SYCP3REACT_75874 (Reactome)
SYNE1REACT_75817 (Reactome)
SYNE2REACT_75817 (Reactome)
Synaptonemal

BRCA1

ATR Complex		mim-catalysisREACT_75904 (Reactome)
Synaptonemal BRCA1 ComplexREACT_75923 (Reactome)
TEX12REACT_75849 (Reactome)
UBE2IREACT_75849 (Reactome)
Unsynapsed Chromatin containing gamma-H2A.xArrowREACT_75904 (Reactome)
Unsynapsed ChromatinREACT_75884 (Reactome)
Unsynapsed ChromatinREACT_75904 (Reactome)
Retrieved from "https://classic.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP2731"
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