Transmission across Electrical Synapses (Homo sapiens)

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123Hemi-Pannexin 2 Complex Hemi-Pannexin 1 Complex Hemi-Connexin 45 Complex Pannexin 1/Pannexin 2 Gap Junction Complex Connexon36 Connexin 36 Gap Junction Complex Connexon36 Connexin 36/Connexin 45 Gap Junction Complex Hemi-Connexin 62 Complex cytosolConnexin 62 Gap Junction Complex PANX1 PANX2GJD2 Pannexin 1/Pannexin 2 Gap Junction ComplexConnexin 62 Gap Junction ComplexConnexin 36/Connexin 45 Gap Junction ComplexGJD2 K+Connexin 36 Gap Junction ComplexGJA10 GJC1


Description

Electrical transmission across nerve cells is accomplished when the current generated in the upstream neuron spreads to the downstream neuron through a path of low electrical resistance. In neurons this is accomplished at gap junctions. Electrical synapses are found in neuronal tissue where the activity of neurons must be highly synchronized. The neurons responsible for hormone secretion from the mammalian hypothalamus are a class of highly synchronized electric neurons. Gap junctions connecting the presynaptic cell with the postsynaptic cell allow current generated in the presynaptic cell to flow directly into the postsynaptic cell. Transmission speed is dramatically increased in such a system. The junction itself is composed of two hemichannels, one each on the pre- and postsysnaptic cells. These channels are composed of members of the connexin family of proteins. Original Pathway at Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#DB=gk_current&FOCUS_SPECIES_ID=48887&FOCUS_PATHWAY_ID=112307

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Bibliography

  1. Söhl G, Nielsen PA, Eiberger J, Willecke K.; ''Expression profiles of the novel human connexin genes hCx30.2, hCx40.1, and hCx62 differ from their putative mouse orthologues.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  2. Bruzzone R, Hormuzdi SG, Barbe MT, Herb A, Monyer H.; ''Pannexins, a family of gap junction proteins expressed in brain.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  3. Frank M, Eiberger B, Janssen-Bienhold U, de Sevilla Müller LP, Tjarks A, Kim JS, Maschke S, Dobrowolski R, Sasse P, Weiler R, Fleischmann BK, Willecke K.; ''Neuronal connexin-36 can functionally replace connexin-45 in mouse retina but not in the developing heart.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  4. Belluardo N, Trovato-Salinaro A, Mudò G, Hurd YL, Condorelli DF.; ''Structure, chromosomal localization, and brain expression of human Cx36 gene.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  5. Maes M, Decrock E, Cogliati B, Oliveira AG, Marques PE, Dagli ML, Menezes GB, Mennecier G, Leybaert L, Vanhaecke T, Rogiers V, Vinken M.; ''Connexin and pannexin (hemi)channels in the liver.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

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CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
114661view16:13, 25 January 2021ReactomeTeamReactome version 75
113109view11:17, 2 November 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 74
112343view15:26, 9 October 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 73
101243view11:13, 1 November 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 66
100782view20:40, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 65
100324view19:17, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 64
99869view16:00, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 63
99426view14:36, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62 (2nd attempt)
99108view12:39, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62
93799view13:37, 16 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
93336view11:20, 9 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
86423view09:17, 11 July 2016ReactomeTeamreactome version 56
83180view10:17, 18 November 2015ReactomeTeamVersion54
81547view13:05, 21 August 2015ReactomeTeamVersion53
77016view08:31, 17 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
76721view12:08, 16 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
76047view10:10, 11 June 2014ReactomeTeamRe-fixing comment source
75755view11:25, 10 June 2014ReactomeTeamReactome 48 Update
75105view14:05, 8 May 2014AnweshaFixing comment source for displaying WikiPathways description
74752view08:50, 30 April 2014ReactomeTeamReactome46
72006view12:03, 24 October 2013EgonwLayout clean up.
45065view20:04, 6 October 2011KhanspersOntology Term : 'neuron-to-neuron signaling pathway via the electrical synapse' added !
45064view20:04, 6 October 2011KhanspersOntology Term : 'neuron' added !
42149view22:00, 4 March 2011MaintBotAutomatic update
39960view05:58, 21 January 2011MaintBotNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

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NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
Connexin 36 Gap Junction ComplexComplexREACT_17249 (Reactome)
Connexin 36/Connexin 45 Gap Junction ComplexComplexREACT_17318 (Reactome)
Connexin 62 Gap Junction ComplexComplexREACT_17390 (Reactome)
GJA10 ProteinQ969M2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GJC1 ProteinP36383 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GJD2 ProteinQ9UKL4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
K+MetaboliteCHEBI:29103 (ChEBI)
PANX1 ProteinQ96RD7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PANX2ProteinQ96RD6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Pannexin 1/Pannexin 2 Gap Junction ComplexComplexREACT_17586 (Reactome)

Annotated Interactions

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SourceTargetTypeDatabase referenceComment
Connexin 36 Gap Junction Complexmim-catalysisREACT_16981 (Reactome)
Connexin 36/Connexin 45 Gap Junction Complexmim-catalysisREACT_16989 (Reactome)
Connexin 62 Gap Junction Complexmim-catalysisREACT_17030 (Reactome)
Pannexin 1/Pannexin 2 Gap Junction Complexmim-catalysisREACT_16954 (Reactome)
REACT_16954 (Reactome) In this electrical synapse the current generated in the presynaptic cell spreads to the postsynaptic cell through an ion channel composed of two hemi-channels composed of six Pannexin 1 proteins on one hemi-channel and six Pannexin 2 proteins on the second.
REACT_16981 (Reactome) In this electrical synapse the current generated in the presynaptic cell spreads to the postsynaptic cell through an ion channel composed of two hemi-channels composed of six Connexin 36 proteins each.
REACT_16989 (Reactome) In this electrical synapse the current generated in the presynaptic cell spreads to the postsynaptic cell through an ion channel composed of two hemi-channels composed of six Connexin 45 proteins on one hemi-channel and six Connexin 36 proteins on the second.
REACT_17030 (Reactome) In this electrical synapse the current generated in the presynaptic cell spreads to the postsynaptic cell through an ion channel composed of two hemi-channels composed of six Connexin 62 proteins each.
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