Meiotic synapsis (Homo sapiens)

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1, 92, 78, 103, 54, 868Nucleosomecontaining HistoneH2A.x [nucleoplasm]Extended AndProcessed TelomereEnd Folded IntoHigher OrderStructure[nucleoplasm]Meiotic CohesinComplex[nucleoplasm]nucleoplasmnuclear envelopeUnsynapsed Chromatin[nucleoplasm]Nucleosome[nucleoplasm]Meiotic CohesinComplex[nucleoplasm]Transverse Filamentof SynaptonemalComplex[nucleoplasm]Meiotic CohesinComplex[nucleoplasm]Axial/LateralElement ofSynaptonemal Complex[nucleoplasm]Unsynapsed Chromatin[nucleoplasm]Nucleosomecontaining HistoneH2A.x [nucleoplasm]Synaptonemal:BRCA1Complex[nucleoplasm]Central Element ofSynaptonemal Complex[nucleoplasm]Synaptonemal:BRCA1Complex[nucleoplasm]Axial/LateralElement ofSynaptonemal Complex[nucleoplasm]Nucleosome[nucleoplasm]Unsynapsed Chromatincontaininggamma-H2A.x[nucleoplasm]Meiotic CohesinComplex[nucleoplasm]Shelterin complex[nucleoplasm]Axial/LateralElement ofSynaptonemal Complex[nucleoplasm]Nucleosomecontaining HistoneH2A.x [nucleoplasm]Axial/LateralElement ofSynaptonemal Complex[nucleoplasm]Synaptonemal Complex[nucleoplasm]Nucleosomecontaining Histonegamma-H2A.x[nucleoplasm]Extended AndProcessed TelomereEnd and AssociatedDNA Binding andPackaging ProteinComplex Folded IntoHigher OrderStructure[nucleoplasm]Meiotic CohesinComplex[nucleoplasm]Meiotic CohesinComplex[nucleoplasm]Axial/LateralElement ofSynaptonemal Complex[nucleoplasm]Meiotic CohesinComplex[nucleoplasm]Unsynapsed Chromatin[nucleoplasm]Synaptonemal:BRCA1:ATRComplex[nucleoplasm]Extended AndProcessed TelomereEnd Folded IntoHigher OrderStructure[nucleoplasm]Extended AndProcessed TelomereEnd and AssociatedDNA Binding andPackaging ProteinComplex Folded IntoHigher OrderStructure[nucleoplasm]Shelterin complex[nucleoplasm]Axial/LateralElement ofSynaptonemal Complex[nucleoplasm]Axial/LateralElement ofSynaptonemal Complex[nucleoplasm]Telomere AttachmentPlate [nuclearenvelope]Meiotic CohesinComplex[nucleoplasm]SUN2SYNE2 [nuclearenvelope]SMC3 [nucleoplasm]HIST1H4A[nucleoplasm]BRCA1 [nucleoplasm]HSPA2SYCP2 [nucleoplasm]STAG1 [nucleoplasm]SMC3 [nucleoplasm]SYNE2SYCP3Unsynapsed ChromatinSynaptonemal ComplexSYNE1 [nuclearenvelope]RAD21 [nucleoplasm]RAD21 [nucleoplasm]Telomere AttachmentPlateSTAG3 [nucleoplasm]SYCP1ATR [nucleoplasm]HIST3H3[nucleoplasm]HSPA2 [nucleoplasm]STAG2 [nucleoplasm]H2AFX [nucleoplasm]SMC1B [nucleoplasm]SYCP2 [nucleoplasm]ADPSYCP3 [nucleoplasm]UBE2I [nucleoplasm]SYCP1 [nucleoplasm]RAD21 [nucleoplasm]RAD21 [nucleoplasm]SUN2 [nuclearenvelope]SUN1SYCE2 [nucleoplasm]SYCP2 [nucleoplasm]SYCP3 [nucleoplasm]SMC1A [nucleoplasm]SMC1B [nucleoplasm]ACD [nucleoplasm]SMC1B [nucleoplasm]STAG2 [nucleoplasm]SYCP2SMC1B [nucleoplasm]LMNA-2SYCP3 [nucleoplasm]SYCP3 [nucleoplasm]SYCP2 [nucleoplasm]SMC3 [nucleoplasm]TERF2IP(2-399)[nucleoplasm]STAG1 [nucleoplasm]SYCP2 [nucleoplasm]p-S139-H2AFX[nucleoplasm]STAG2 [nucleoplasm]REC8 [nucleoplasm]SMC1A [nucleoplasm]STAG1 [nucleoplasm]SUN1 [nuclearenvelope]STAG1 [nucleoplasm]DIDO1-1[nucleoplasm]Extended AndProcessed TelomereEnd and AssociatedDNA Binding andPackaging ProteinComplex Folded IntoHigher OrderStructureREC8 [nucleoplasm]STAG1 [nucleoplasm]TEX12SYCP3 [nucleoplasm]POT1 [nucleoplasm]REC8 [nucleoplasm]STAG1 [nucleoplasm]ACD [nucleoplasm]STAG3 [nucleoplasm]HIST1H4A[nucleoplasm]TERF2 [nucleoplasm]SYCP2 [nucleoplasm]STAG3 [nucleoplasm]LMNB1(2-586)LMNB1(2-586)[nuclear envelope]TINF2 [nucleoplasm]SMC1B [nucleoplasm]SMC1B [nucleoplasm]TEX12 [nucleoplasm]Unsynapsed Chromatincontaininggamma-H2A.xHIST1H4A[nucleoplasm]RAD21 [nucleoplasm]DIDO1-1SMC1A [nucleoplasm]HIST1H4A[nucleoplasm]HIST1H4A[nucleoplasm]SYCP2 [nucleoplasm]STAG3 [nucleoplasm]SYCE2SMC1A [nucleoplasm]RAD21 [nucleoplasm]ATPBRCA1SMC1A [nucleoplasm]STAG2 [nucleoplasm]UBE2ISMC1B [nucleoplasm]Synaptonemal:BRCA1:ATRComplexTINF2 [nucleoplasm]FKBP6 [nucleoplasm]STAG1 [nucleoplasm]HIST3H3[nucleoplasm]SMC3 [nucleoplasm]STAG3 [nucleoplasm]SYCE1LMNA-2 [nuclearenvelope]HIST1H4A[nucleoplasm]RAD21 [nucleoplasm]TERF2 [nucleoplasm]SMC3 [nucleoplasm]Synaptonemal:BRCA1ComplexSTAG2 [nucleoplasm]STAG1 [nucleoplasm]SMC3 [nucleoplasm]BRCA1 [nucleoplasm]ATRREC8 [nucleoplasm]SYCE1 [nucleoplasm]STAG3 [nucleoplasm]H2AFX [nucleoplasm]RAD21 [nucleoplasm]SMC1B [nucleoplasm]TERF1 [nucleoplasm]REC8 [nucleoplasm]STAG3 [nucleoplasm]STAG3 [nucleoplasm]FKBP6SMC3 [nucleoplasm]HIST3H3[nucleoplasm]REC8 [nucleoplasm]HIST3H3[nucleoplasm]H2AFX [nucleoplasm]STAG2 [nucleoplasm]SMC3 [nucleoplasm]REC8 [nucleoplasm]POT1 [nucleoplasm]HIST3H3[nucleoplasm]TERF2IP(2-399)[nucleoplasm]HIST3H3[nucleoplasm]REC8 [nucleoplasm]SYCP3 [nucleoplasm]STAG2 [nucleoplasm]TERF1 [nucleoplasm]SMC1A [nucleoplasm]Axial/LateralElement ofSynaptonemal ComplexSMC1A [nucleoplasm]STAG2 [nucleoplasm]SYNE1Meiotic CohesinComplexSYCP3 [nucleoplasm]SMC1A [nucleoplasm]88


Description

Meiotic synapsis is the stable physical pairing of homologous chromosomes that begins in leptonema of prophase I and lasts until anaphase of prophase I. First, short segments of axial elements form along chromosomes. Telomeres then cluster at a region of the inner nuclear membrane and axial elements extend and fuse along the length of the chromosomes. Subsequent to the initiation of recombination transverse filaments of SYCP1 link axial/lateral elements to a central element containing SYCE1 and SYCE2, thus forming the synaptonemal complex (reviewed in Yang and Wang 2009).
Unsynapsed regions are silenced during pachynema by recruitment of BRCA1 and ATR, which phosphorylates histone H2AX (reviewed in Inagaki et al. 2010).Original Pathway at Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#DB=gk_current&FOCUS_SPECIES_ID=48887&FOCUS_PATHWAY_ID=1221632

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Bibliography

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  1. Inagaki A, Schoenmakers S, Baarends WM.; ''DNA double strand break repair, chromosome synapsis and transcriptional silencing in meiosis.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  2. Scully R, Chen J, Plug A, Xiao Y, Weaver D, Feunteun J, Ashley T, Livingston DM.; ''Association of BRCA1 with Rad51 in mitotic and meiotic cells.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  3. Prieto I, Tease C, Pezzi N, Buesa JM, Ortega S, Kremer L, Martínez A, Martínez-A C, Hultén MA, Barbero JL.; ''Cohesin component dynamics during meiotic prophase I in mammalian oocytes.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  4. Yang F, Wang PJ.; ''The Mammalian synaptonemal complex: a scaffold and beyond.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  5. Garcia-Cruz R, Roig I, Robles P, Scherthan H, Garcia Caldés M.; ''ATR, BRCA1 and gammaH2AX localize to unsynapsed chromosomes at the pachytene stage in human oocytes.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  6. Garcia-Cruz R, Brieño MA, Roig I, Grossmann M, Velilla E, Pujol A, Cabero L, Pessarrodona A, Barbero JL, Garcia Caldés M.; ''Dynamics of cohesin proteins REC8, STAG3, SMC1 beta and SMC3 are consistent with a role in sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis in human oocytes.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  7. Ward IM, Chen J.; ''Histone H2AX is phosphorylated in an ATR-dependent manner in response to replicational stress.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  8. Tarsounas M, Pearlman RE, Gasser PJ, Park MS, Moens PB.; ''Protein-protein interactions in the synaptonemal complex.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  9. Scherthan H, Weich S, Schwegler H, Heyting C, Härle M, Cremer T.; ''Centromere and telomere movements during early meiotic prophase of mouse and man are associated with the onset of chromosome pairing.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  10. Roig I, Liebe B, Egozcue J, Cabero L, Garcia M, Scherthan H.; ''Female-specific features of recombinational double-stranded DNA repair in relation to synapsis and telomere dynamics in human oocytes.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

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CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
114710view16:19, 25 January 2021ReactomeTeamReactome version 75
113155view11:22, 2 November 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 74
112383view15:31, 9 October 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 73
101286view11:17, 1 November 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 66
100823view20:48, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 65
100364view19:23, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 64
99910view16:06, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 63
99466view14:39, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62 (2nd attempt)
99121view12:40, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62
93808view13:37, 16 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
93350view11:21, 9 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
87987view13:23, 25 July 2016RyanmillerOntology Term : 'cell cycle pathway, meiotic' added !
87882view12:20, 25 July 2016RyanmillerOntology Term : 'regulatory pathway' added !
86434view09:18, 11 July 2016ReactomeTeamreactome version 56
83156view10:11, 18 November 2015ReactomeTeamVersion54
81763view10:09, 26 August 2015ReactomeTeamVersion53
76957view08:23, 17 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
76662view12:03, 16 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
75991view10:05, 11 June 2014ReactomeTeamRe-fixing comment source
75694view11:03, 10 June 2014ReactomeTeamReactome 48 Update
75050view13:56, 8 May 2014AnweshaFixing comment source for displaying WikiPathways description
74694view08:46, 30 April 2014ReactomeTeamNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
ACD [nucleoplasm]ProteinQ96AP0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADPMetaboliteCHEBI:16761 (ChEBI)
ATPMetaboliteCHEBI:15422 (ChEBI)
ATR [nucleoplasm]ProteinQ13535 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ATRProteinQ13535 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Axial/Lateral

Element of

Synaptonemal Complex		ComplexREACT_76597 (Reactome)
BRCA1 [nucleoplasm]ProteinP38398 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
BRCA1ProteinP38398 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DIDO1-1 [nucleoplasm]ProteinQ9BTC0-1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DIDO1-1ProteinQ9BTC0-1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Extended And

Processed Telomere End and Associated DNA Binding and Packaging Protein Complex Folded Into Higher Order

Structure		ComplexREACT_8525 (Reactome)
FKBP6 [nucleoplasm]ProteinO75344 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FKBP6ProteinO75344 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
H2AFX [nucleoplasm]ProteinP16104 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HIST1H4A [nucleoplasm]ProteinP62805 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HIST3H3 [nucleoplasm]ProteinQ16695 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HSPA2 [nucleoplasm]ProteinP54652 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HSPA2ProteinP54652 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LMNA-2 [nuclear envelope]ProteinP02545-2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LMNA-2ProteinP02545-2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LMNB1(2-586) [nuclear envelope]ProteinP20700 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LMNB1(2-586)ProteinP20700 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Meiotic Cohesin ComplexComplexREACT_76256 (Reactome)
POT1 [nucleoplasm]ProteinQ9NUX5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RAD21 [nucleoplasm]ProteinO60216 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
REC8 [nucleoplasm]ProteinO95072 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SMC1A [nucleoplasm]ProteinQ14683 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SMC1B [nucleoplasm]ProteinQ8NDV3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SMC3 [nucleoplasm]ProteinQ9UQE7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
STAG1 [nucleoplasm]ProteinQ8WVM7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
STAG2 [nucleoplasm]ProteinQ8N3U4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
STAG3 [nucleoplasm]ProteinQ9UJ98 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SUN1 [nuclear envelope]ProteinO94901 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SUN1ProteinO94901 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SUN2 [nuclear envelope]ProteinQ9UH99 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SUN2ProteinQ9UH99 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCE1 [nucleoplasm]ProteinQ8N0S2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCE1ProteinQ8N0S2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCE2 [nucleoplasm]ProteinQ6PIF2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCE2ProteinQ6PIF2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCP1 [nucleoplasm]ProteinQ15431 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCP1ProteinQ15431 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCP2 [nucleoplasm]ProteinQ9BX26 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCP2ProteinQ9BX26 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCP3 [nucleoplasm]ProteinQ8IZU3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCP3ProteinQ8IZU3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYNE1 [nuclear envelope]ProteinQ8NF91 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYNE1ProteinQ8NF91 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYNE2 [nuclear envelope]ProteinQ8WXH0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYNE2ProteinQ8WXH0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Synaptonemal ComplexComplexREACT_76002 (Reactome)
Synaptonemal:BRCA1 ComplexComplexREACT_76427 (Reactome) BRCA1 localizes to axial elements of the synaptonemal complex in unsynapsed regions of chromosomes. The localization requires SYCP1 of the synaptonemal complex.
Synaptonemal:BRCA1:ATR ComplexComplexREACT_75938 (Reactome)
TERF1 [nucleoplasm]ProteinP54274 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TERF2 [nucleoplasm]ProteinQ15554 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TERF2IP(2-399) [nucleoplasm]ProteinQ9NYB0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TEX12 [nucleoplasm]ProteinQ9BXU0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TEX12ProteinQ9BXU0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TINF2 [nucleoplasm]ProteinQ9BSI4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Telomere Attachment PlateComplexREACT_76658 (Reactome)
UBE2I [nucleoplasm]ProteinP63279 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBE2IProteinP63279 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Unsynapsed Chromatin

containing

gamma-H2A.x		ComplexREACT_75943 (Reactome)
Unsynapsed ChromatinComplexREACT_76872 (Reactome)
p-S139-H2AFX [nucleoplasm]ProteinP16104 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)

Annotated Interactions

View all...
SourceTargetTypeDatabase referenceComment
ADPArrowREACT_75904 (Reactome)
ATPREACT_75904 (Reactome)
ATRREACT_75923 (Reactome)
Axial/Lateral

Element of

Synaptonemal Complex		ArrowREACT_75874 (Reactome)
Axial/Lateral

Element of

Synaptonemal Complex		REACT_75817 (Reactome)
Axial/Lateral

Element of

Synaptonemal Complex		REACT_75849 (Reactome)
BRCA1REACT_75884 (Reactome)
DIDO1-1REACT_75849 (Reactome)
Extended And

Processed Telomere End and Associated DNA Binding and Packaging Protein Complex Folded Into Higher Order

Structure		REACT_75817 (Reactome)
FKBP6REACT_75849 (Reactome)
HSPA2REACT_75849 (Reactome)
LMNA-2REACT_75817 (Reactome)
LMNB1(2-586)REACT_75817 (Reactome)
Meiotic Cohesin ComplexREACT_75874 (Reactome)
REACT_75817 (Reactome) As sections of the axial elements form, the telomeres migrate to one site on the inner nuclear membrane to form the telomere bouquet (Scherthan et al. 1996). A current model shows the synaptonemal complex interacting with SUN1 and SUN2, which span the inner membrane and bind Nesprin-1 and Nesprin-2, which span the outer membrane and bind cytoplasmic actin. Lamin-B1 and Lamin-C2 are located adjacent to the attachment plate on the inner membrane.
REACT_75849 (Reactome) Initiation of recombination precedes and is required for synapsis (Roig et al. 2004). The synaptonemal complex forms when transverse filaments of SYCP1 link axial/lateral elements of sister chromatids to a central element comprising SYCE1, SYCE2, and other proteins (Tarsounas et al. 1997). The order of assembly is unknown.
REACT_75874 (Reactome) Axial elements begin assembling as short linear segments along the long axis of the chromosome in leptotene phase. Eventually the short segments will fuse to form the complete axial element along the entire length of the chromosome. After synapsis the axial elements are also known as lateral elements of the synaptonemal complex. Within axial elements the sister chromatids are bound together by meiotic cohesin (Prieto et al. 2004, Garcia-Cruz et al. 2010). The bound chromatids are anchored to a complex containing SYCP2 and SYCP3 via a direct or indirect interaction with cohesin (Garcia-Cruz et al. 2010).
REACT_75884 (Reactome) Unsynapsed regions of chromosomes are silenced during pachytene phase by a process called Meiotic Silencing of Unsynapsed Chromatin (MSUC) and, in the case of the X and Y chromosomes, Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation (MSCI). Unsynapsed meiotic chromatin recruits BRCA1 (Scully et al. 1997, Garcia-Cruz et al. 2009). In mouse, the recruitment requires SYCP3 of axial elements of the synaptonemal complex, which may remain exposed in unsynapsed regions.
REACT_75904 (Reactome) The ATR kinase phosphorylates histone H2A.X at serine 139 (Ward and Chen 2001, Garcia-Cruz et al. 2009).
REACT_75923 (Reactome) Unsynapsed regions of chromosomes accumulate BRCA1, the kinase ATR, and the phosphorylated histone gammaH2AX. In mouse the recruitment of ATR depends on BRCA1.
SUN1REACT_75817 (Reactome)
SUN2REACT_75817 (Reactome)
SYCE1REACT_75849 (Reactome)
SYCE2REACT_75849 (Reactome)
SYCP1REACT_75849 (Reactome)
SYCP2REACT_75874 (Reactome)
SYCP3REACT_75874 (Reactome)
SYNE1REACT_75817 (Reactome)
SYNE2REACT_75817 (Reactome)
Synaptonemal ComplexArrowREACT_75849 (Reactome)
Synaptonemal:BRCA1 ComplexArrowREACT_75884 (Reactome)
Synaptonemal:BRCA1 ComplexREACT_75923 (Reactome)
Synaptonemal:BRCA1:ATR ComplexArrowREACT_75923 (Reactome)
Synaptonemal:BRCA1:ATR Complexmim-catalysisREACT_75904 (Reactome)
TEX12REACT_75849 (Reactome)
Telomere Attachment PlateArrowREACT_75817 (Reactome)
UBE2IREACT_75849 (Reactome)
Unsynapsed Chromatin

containing

gamma-H2A.x		ArrowREACT_75904 (Reactome)
Unsynapsed ChromatinREACT_75884 (Reactome)
Unsynapsed ChromatinREACT_75904 (Reactome)
Retrieved from "https://classic.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP2731"
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