Endochondral ossification (Bos taurus)

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1, 2Removal of extracellular matrixand invasion by bone cellsChondrocyte proliferationintegrinsProliferationVascular invastionBMPsFull differentiationMineralisationDyingChondrocyte (pre)hypertrophyCartilageWNT signalingcanonical / non-canonicalBoneChondrocyte deathCathepsinsand Calpains?Removal of cartilage matrixHypertrophyGsOsteoblasticdifferentiationBMP7MMP13ADAMTS1STAT5BSERPINH1HDAC4BMP6IGF2CHST11CDKN1CThyroid hormoneTGFB1CAB39SPP1GHRHMGCS1VEGFASOX9ADAMTS4PLATAKT1FGF2FGFR3GLI3STAT1RUNX2TriiodothyronineCOL10A1PTCH1CALM1SLC38A2SOX6IFT88THRAMEF2CIGF-IIGF1RRUNX2ENPP1ALPLPTHLHDDR2KIF3APLAUFGFR1COL2A1TIMP3ACANFGF18PTH1RNKX3-2RUNX3PTHOxygencAMPCathepsin L2MGPBMPR-IATGFB1Growth hormoneMMP9SOX5Thyroid hormoneTGFB2SCINIHHPTCH1CST3TNAPRUNX2PRKACAADAMTS5FRZBTHRA


Description

Endochondral ossification is the process by which the embryonic cartilaginous model of most bones contributes to longitudinal growth and is gradually replaced by bone. During endochondral ossification, chondrocytes proliferate, undergo hypertrophy and die; the cartilage extracellular matrix they construct is then invaded by blood vessels, osteoclasts, bone marrow cells and osteoblasts, the last of which deposit bone on remnants of cartilage matrix. The sequential changes in chondrocyte behaviour are tightly regulated by both systemic factors and locally secreted factors, which act on receptors to effect intracellular signalling and activation of chondrocyte-selective transcription factors. Systemic factors that regulate the behaviour of chondrocytes in growth cartilage include growth hormone and thyroid hormone, and the local secreted factors include Indian hedgehog, parathyroid hormone-related peptide, fibroblast growth factors and components of the cartilage extracellular matrix. Transcription factors that play critical roles in regulation of chondrocyte gene expression under the control of these extracellular factors include Runx2, Sox9 and MEF2C. The invasion of cartilage matrix by the ossification front is dependent on its resorption by members of the matrix metalloproteinase family, as well as the presence of blood vessels and bone-resorbing osteoclast (Mackie et al.)

Comments

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This pathway was inferred from Homo sapiens pathway WP474(80208) with a 92.0% conversion rate.

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Bibliography

  1. Belluoccio D, Bernardo BC, Rowley L, Bateman JF; ''A microarray approach for comparative expression profiling of the discrete maturation zones of mouse growth plate cartilage.''; Biochim Biophys Acta, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  2. Mackie EJ, Ahmed YA, Tatarczuch L, Chen KS, Mirams M; ''Endochondral ossification: how cartilage is converted into bone in the developing skeleton.''; Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

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CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
117504view11:04, 21 May 2021EweitzModified title
105993view11:52, 16 August 2019MaintBotHMDB identifier normalization
87970view13:17, 25 July 2016SusanOntology Term : 'regulatory pathway' added !
80781view15:25, 30 June 2015Mkutmonhomology conversion
72217view12:55, 27 October 2013EgonwFixed the ChEBI database name.
72177view22:19, 25 October 2013AlexanderPicoAdded missing metabolite identifiers.
71279view03:59, 17 October 2013MaintBotCleaned up buggy complex
63477view17:22, 10 May 2013MaintBotupdating gpml
40540view19:30, 1 March 2011MaintBotRemoved redundant pathway information and comments
33781view00:09, 9 December 2009MaintBotAutomatic update of empty xrefs
32523view12:57, 17 August 2009MaintBotFixed text labels
32209view12:42, 15 August 2009MaintBotFixed text labels
31697view11:48, 14 August 2009MaintBotFixed group labels
31221view19:41, 13 August 2009MaintBotFixed text labels
30634view22:27, 29 July 2009MaintBotNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

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NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
ACANGeneProductENSBTAG00000016158 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:176
ADAMTS1GeneProductENSBTAG00000000706 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:9510
ADAMTS4GeneProductENSBTAG00000013210 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:9507
ADAMTS5GeneProductENSBTAG00000000648 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:11096
AKT1GeneProductENSBTAG00000017636 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:207
ALPLGeneProductENSBTAG00000008951 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:249
BMP6GeneProductENSBTAG00000019234 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:654
BMP7GeneProductENSBTAG00000015362 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:655
BMPR-IAGeneProductENSBTAG00000000231 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:657
CAB39GeneProductENSBTAG00000040055 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:51719
CALM1GeneProductHomologyConvert: Multiple homologues found: En:ENSBTAG00000001575;En:ENSBTAG00000025644;
CDKN1CGeneProductENSBTAG00000031184 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:1028
CHST11GeneProductENSBTAG00000010644 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:50515
COL10A1GeneProductENSBTAG00000003078 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:1300
COL2A1GeneProductENSBTAG00000013155 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:1280
CST3GeneProductENSBTAG00000000598 (Ensembl)
  • Taken as human homologue of mouse Cst10
  • PMID: 13679380
  • HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:1473
Cathepsin L2GeneProductTaken as homologue to mouse Cathepsin L (Ctsl)
DDR2GeneProductENSBTAG00000004885 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:4921
ENPP1GeneProductENSBTAG00000021830 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:5167
FGF18GeneProductENSBTAG00000000128 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:8817
FGF2GeneProductENSBTAG00000005691 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:2247
FGFR1GeneProductENSBTAG00000015457 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:2260
FGFR3GeneProductENSBTAG00000007164 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:2261
FRZBGeneProductENSBTAG00000010977 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:2487
GHRGeneProductENSBTAG00000001335 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:2690
GLI3GeneProductENSBTAG00000010671 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:2737
Growth hormoneGeneProductHomologyConvert: Multiple homologues found: En:ENSBTAG00000017220;En:ENSBTAG00000017220;
HDAC4GeneProductENSBTAG00000017764 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:9759
HMGCS1GeneProductENSBTAG00000011839 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:3157
IFT88GeneProductENSBTAG00000014286 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:8100
IGF-IGeneProductENSBTAG00000011082 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:3479
IGF1RGeneProductENSBTAG00000021527 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:3480
IGF2GeneProductENSBTAG00000013066 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:3481
IHHGeneProductENSBTAG00000008452 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:3549
KIF3AGeneProductENSBTAG00000025477 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:11127
MEF2CGeneProductENSBTAG00000020701 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:4208
MGPGeneProduct
MMP13GeneProductENSBTAG00000015059 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:4322
MMP9GeneProductENSBTAG00000020676 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:4318
NKX3-2GeneProductENSBTAG00000010896 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:579
OxygenMetaboliteHMDB01377 (HMDB)
PLATGeneProductENSBTAG00000001244 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:5327
PLAUGeneProductENSBTAG00000005947 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:5328
PRKACAGeneProductENSBTAG00000006642 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:5566
PTCH1GeneProductENSBTAG00000048213 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:5727
PTH1RGeneProductENSBTAG00000016948 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:5745
PTHGeneProductENSBTAG00000019080 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:5741
PTHLHGeneProductENSBTAG00000006538 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:5744
RUNX2GeneProductENSBTAG00000004104 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:860
RUNX3GeneProductENSBTAG00000019800 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:864
SCINGeneProductENSBTAG00000009786 (Ensembl)
  • PMID: 17097081
  • HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:85477
SERPINH1GeneProductENSBTAG00000001027 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:871
SLC38A2GeneProductENSBTAG00000011105 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:54407
SOX5GeneProductENSBTAG00000022360 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:6660
SOX6GeneProductENSBTAG00000044185 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:55553
SOX9GeneProductENSBTAG00000045824 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:6662
SPP1GeneProductENSBTAG00000005260 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:6696
STAT1GeneProductENSBTAG00000007867 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:6772
STAT5BGeneProductENSBTAG00000010125 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:6777
TGFB1GeneProductENSBTAG00000020457 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:7040
TGFB2GeneProductENSBTAG00000005359 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:7042
THRAGeneProductENSBTAG00000010745 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:7067
TIMP3GeneProductENSBTAG00000020638 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:7078
TNAPGeneProduct
Thyroid hormoneMetaboliteCHEBI:60311 (ChEBI)
TriiodothyronineMetaboliteCHEBI:24864 (ChEBI)
VEGFAGeneProductENSBTAG00000047561 (Ensembl) HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = L:7422
cAMPMetaboliteHMDB00058 (HMDB)

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions
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