Signaling by NODAL (Homo sapiens)

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18, 21247-9, 14, 16...126, 27, 32, 34106, 12, 13, 19, 23...11, 25, 295, 15, 22, 26, 34312-4, 17, 33cytosolnucleoplasmATPp-2S-SMAD2/3:SMAD4DRAP1 N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine-CFC1 NODAL ADPSMAD4 LEFTY2(22-366) SMAD4ATPATPFOXH1 NODAL ReceptorFOXO3p-S423,S425-SMAD3 SMAD2,3:SMAD4:FOXO3:FoxO3a-binding ElementFoxO3a-bindingElementACVR1C p-S465,S467-SMAD2 N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine-CFC1 N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine-CFC1 ACVR2B N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine-TDGF1(31-188) ACVR2B LEFTY:EGF-CFC:NODALReceptorN-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine-TDGF1(31-188) ACVR1B SMAD2/3p-S465,S467-SMAD2 Activin ResponseElementNODAL NODAL:p-ACVR1B:ACVR2:EGF-CFCSMAD4 NODAL p-S465,S467-SMAD2 SMAD4 FOXO3 ACVR1B NODAL:ACVR1C:ACVR2B:EGF-CFCLEFTY:NODALNODAL ADPACVR2B CER1NODAL NODAL N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine-TDGF1(31-188) N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine-CFC1 N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine-CFC1 N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine-TDGF1(31-188) ACVR1C ADPFOXH1:DRAP1ACVR2B ACVR2B ACVR2A p-S465,S467-SMAD2 p-S423,S425-SMAD3 p-S423,S425-SMAD3 ACVR1B NODAL Ligands(Agonists)NODAL:ACVR1B:ACVR2:EGF-CFCFOXH1 SMAD2,3:SMAD4:FOXH1:Activin Response ElementACVR2A NODAL NODAL(27-347)LEFTY1 p-T175,S177,S179,S181,T194-ACVR1C CERBERUS:NODALp-4S,T188,T206-ACVR1B LEFTY2(22-366) GDF1 p-4S,T188,T206-ACVR1B NODAL Ligand:NODALReceptorN-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine-TDGF1(31-188) p-S423,S425-SMAD3 p-2S-SMAD2/3:SMAD4NODAL:p-ACVR1C:ACVR2B:EGF-CFCCER1 N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine-CFC1 LEFTYSMAD4 ACVR2A ACVR2A p-2S-SMAD2/3ACVR2A NODAL:p-NODALReceptorN-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine-TDGF1(31-188) ACVR1C NODAL ACVR2B ACVR2B LEFTY1 FURIN and PACE4N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine-CFC1 FOXH1p-T175,S177,S179,S181,T194-ACVR1C N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine-TDGF1(31-188) NODAL28221010


Description

Signaling by NODAL is essential for patterning of the axes of the embryo and formation of mesoderm and endoderm (reviewed in Schier 2009, Shen 2007). The NODAL proprotein is secreted and cleaved extracellularly to yield mature NODAL. Mature NODAL homodimerizes and can also form heterodimers with LEFTY1, LEFTY2, or CERBERUS, which negatively regulate NODAL signaling. NODAL also forms heterodimers with GDF1, which increases NODAL activity. NODAL dimers bind the NODAL receptor comprising a type I Activin receptor (ACVR1B or ACVR1C), a type II Activin receptor (ACVR2A or ACVR2B), and an EGF-CFC coreceptor (CRIPTO or CRYPTIC). After binding NODAL, the type II activin receptor phosphorylates the type I activin receptor which then phosphorylates SMAD2 and SMAD3 (R-SMADs). Phosphorylated SMAD2 and SMAD3 form hetero-oligomeric complexes with SMAD4 (CO-SMAD) and transit from the cytosol to the nucleus. Within the nucleus the SMAD complexes interact with transcription factors such as FOXH1 to activate transcription of target genes. Source:Reactome.

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Bibliography

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History

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CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
114621view16:08, 25 January 2021ReactomeTeamReactome version 75
113069view11:13, 2 November 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 74
112304view15:22, 9 October 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 73
101202view11:10, 1 November 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 66
100740view20:34, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 65
100284view19:11, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 64
99830view15:55, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 63
99387view14:33, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62 (2nd attempt)
99085view12:39, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62
93877view13:42, 16 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
93444view11:23, 9 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
87178view19:55, 18 July 2016EgonwOntology Term : 'signaling pathway' added !
86535view09:20, 11 July 2016ReactomeTeamreactome version 56
83277view10:37, 18 November 2015ReactomeTeamVersion54
81396view12:55, 21 August 2015ReactomeTeamVersion53
76863view08:13, 17 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
76568view11:55, 16 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
75901view09:55, 11 June 2014ReactomeTeamRe-fixing comment source
75602view10:45, 10 June 2014ReactomeTeamReactome 48 Update
74957view13:48, 8 May 2014AnweshaFixing comment source for displaying WikiPathways description
74601view08:39, 30 April 2014ReactomeTeamNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

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NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
ACVR1B ProteinP36896 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ACVR1C ProteinQ8NER5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ACVR2A ProteinP27037 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ACVR2B ProteinQ13705 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADPMetaboliteCHEBI:16761 (ChEBI)
ATPMetaboliteCHEBI:15422 (ChEBI)
Activin Response ElementR-NUL-1225892 (Reactome) The inferred consensus sequence of the activin response element is TGT(G/T)(G/T)ATT (Zhou et al. 1998).
CER1 ProteinO95813 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CER1ProteinO95813 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CERBERUS:NODALComplexR-HSA-1181341 (Reactome)
DRAP1 ProteinQ14919 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FOXH1 ProteinO75593 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FOXH1:DRAP1ComplexR-HSA-1226031 (Reactome)
FOXH1ProteinO75593 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FOXO3 ProteinO43524 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FOXO3ProteinO43524 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FURIN and PACE4R-HSA-1181135 (Reactome)
FoxO3a-binding ElementR-NUL-1535904 (Reactome) The consensus sequence bound by FoxO3a is TTGTTTCA.
GDF1 ProteinP27539 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LEFTY1 ProteinO75610 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LEFTY2(22-366) ProteinO00292 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LEFTY:EGF-CFC:NODAL ReceptorComplexR-HSA-1181346 (Reactome)
LEFTY:NODALComplexR-HSA-1181340 (Reactome)
LEFTYR-HSA-1181332 (Reactome)
N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine-CFC1 ProteinP0CG37 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine-TDGF1(31-188) ProteinP13385 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NODAL Ligand:NODAL ReceptorComplexR-HSA-1181133 (Reactome)
NODAL Ligands (Agonists)R-HSA-1226027 (Reactome)
NODAL ProteinQ96S42 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NODAL ReceptorR-HSA-1181125 (Reactome)
NODAL(27-347)ProteinQ96S42 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NODAL:ACVR1B:ACVR2:EGF-CFCComplexR-HSA-1225875 (Reactome)
NODAL:ACVR1C:ACVR2B:EGF-CFCComplexR-HSA-1225912 (Reactome)
NODAL:p-ACVR1B:ACVR2:EGF-CFCComplexR-HSA-1225883 (Reactome)
NODAL:p-ACVR1C:ACVR2B:EGF-CFCComplexR-HSA-1225915 (Reactome)
NODAL:p-NODAL ReceptorComplexR-HSA-1181134 (Reactome)
NODALProteinQ96S42 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SMAD2,3:SMAD4:FOXH1:Activin Response ElementComplexR-HSA-1225870 (Reactome)
SMAD2,3:SMAD4:FOXO3:FoxO3a-binding ElementComplexR-HSA-1535906 (Reactome)
SMAD2/3R-HSA-171172 (Reactome)
SMAD4 ProteinQ13485 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SMAD4ProteinQ13485 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-2S-SMAD2/3:SMAD4ComplexR-HSA-171175 (Reactome)
p-2S-SMAD2/3:SMAD4ComplexR-HSA-173511 (Reactome)
p-2S-SMAD2/3R-HSA-171182 (Reactome)
p-4S,T188,T206-ACVR1B ProteinP36896 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-S423,S425-SMAD3 ProteinP84022 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-S465,S467-SMAD2 ProteinQ15796 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-T175,S177,S179,S181,T194-ACVR1C ProteinQ8NER5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)

Annotated Interactions

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SourceTargetTypeDatabase referenceComment
ADPArrowR-HSA-1181156 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-1181355 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-1225894 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-1181156 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-1181355 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-1225894 (Reactome)
Activin Response ElementR-HSA-1225919 (Reactome)
CER1R-HSA-1181354 (Reactome)
CER1TBarR-HSA-1181155 (Reactome)
CERBERUS:NODALArrowR-HSA-1181354 (Reactome)
FOXH1:DRAP1TBarR-HSA-1225919 (Reactome)
FOXH1R-HSA-1225919 (Reactome)
FOXO3R-HSA-1535903 (Reactome)
FURIN and PACE4mim-catalysisR-HSA-1181152 (Reactome)
FoxO3a-binding ElementR-HSA-1535903 (Reactome)
LEFTY:EGF-CFC:NODAL ReceptorArrowR-HSA-1181351 (Reactome)
LEFTY:NODALArrowR-HSA-1181352 (Reactome)
LEFTYR-HSA-1181351 (Reactome)
LEFTYR-HSA-1181352 (Reactome)
LEFTYTBarR-HSA-1181155 (Reactome)
NODAL Ligand:NODAL ReceptorArrowR-HSA-1181155 (Reactome)
NODAL Ligands (Agonists)R-HSA-1181155 (Reactome)
NODAL ReceptorR-HSA-1181155 (Reactome)
NODAL ReceptorR-HSA-1181351 (Reactome)
NODAL(27-347)R-HSA-1181152 (Reactome)
NODAL:ACVR1B:ACVR2:EGF-CFCR-HSA-1181156 (Reactome)
NODAL:ACVR1B:ACVR2:EGF-CFCmim-catalysisR-HSA-1181156 (Reactome)
NODAL:ACVR1C:ACVR2B:EGF-CFCR-HSA-1225894 (Reactome)
NODAL:ACVR1C:ACVR2B:EGF-CFCmim-catalysisR-HSA-1225894 (Reactome)
NODAL:p-ACVR1B:ACVR2:EGF-CFCArrowR-HSA-1181156 (Reactome)
NODAL:p-ACVR1C:ACVR2B:EGF-CFCArrowR-HSA-1225894 (Reactome)
NODAL:p-NODAL Receptormim-catalysisR-HSA-1181355 (Reactome)
NODALArrowR-HSA-1181152 (Reactome)
NODALR-HSA-1181352 (Reactome)
NODALR-HSA-1181354 (Reactome)
R-HSA-1181152 (Reactome) Either FURIN or PACE4 endoproteases cleave the 321 amino acid NODAL proprotein to yield the 110 amino acid NODAL mature protein. In cultured mouse cells the CRIPTO coreceptor at the plasma membrane recruits both NODAL proprotein and FURIN or PACE4 endoprotease.
R-HSA-1181155 (Reactome) NODAL binds a receptor comprising a type I activin receptor (ACVR1B or ACVR1C), a type II activin receptor (ACVR2 or ACVR2B), and a EGF-CFC coreceptor (CRIPTO or CRYPTIC). Though NODAL is able to signal via the ACVR1C (ALK7) receptor (Reissman et al. 2001), experiments in mouse indicate NODAL signaling via ALK7 is dispensable during embryogenesis (Jornvall et al. 2004).
R-HSA-1181156 (Reactome) As inferred from the response of the activin receptor to activin, the type II component of the NODAL receptor phosphorylates the type I component in response to NODAL binding. Experiments with human proteins in frog oocytes show NODAL can signal via the CRIPTO:ACVR1B(ALK4):ACVR2 complex (Yeo and Whitman 2001).
R-HSA-1181351 (Reactome) LEFTY1 and LEFTY2 are able to inhibit NODAL signaling by binding the EGF-CFC coreceptor (CRIPTO or CRYPTIC) and thereby preventing the coreceptor from interacting with other components of the NODAL receptor.
R-HSA-1181352 (Reactome) As inferred from mouse (Chen and Shen 2004) both LEFTY1 and LEFTY2 can bind NODAL and inhibit NODAL signaling.
R-HSA-1181354 (Reactome) As inferred from Xenopus (Piccolo 1999) CERBERUS binds NODAL and inhibits NODAL signaling.
R-HSA-1181355 (Reactome) NODAL receptors signal by phosphorylating SMAD2 and SMAD3 (Bondestam et al. 2001, Kumar et al. 2001, DaCosta Byfield et al. 2004). As in TGF-beta signaling, Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) may bind and present SMAD2 and SMAD3 for phosphorylation but this has not yet been demonstrated in NODAL signaling.
R-HSA-1225894 (Reactome) As inferred from the response of the activin receptor to activin, the type II component of the NODAL receptor phosphorylates the type I component in response to NODAL binding. As inferred from mouse and frog (Xenopus) NODAL can signal via the ACVR1C (ALK7) type I activin receptor (Reissman et al. 2001) though this may be dispensable for development in mouse (Jornvall et al. 2004).
R-HSA-1225919 (Reactome) SMAD2 and SMAD3 do not bind DNA efficiently. They must interact with DNA-binding proteins to activate transcription. FOXH1 interacts with phospho-SMAD2 and phospho-SMAD3 complexed with CO-SMAD (SMAD4) at promoters containing the Activin Response Element (Zhou et al. 1998, Yanagisawa et al. 2000, inferred from Xenopus in Chen et al. 1996, Chen et al. 1997, Yeo et al. 1999). Follicle-stimulating hormone beta subunit (FSHB) and the Lim1 homeobox gene (LXH1) are examples of genes regulated by Activin.
R-HSA-1535903 (Reactome) FOXO3 (FOXO3A) interacts with phospho-SMAD2 and phospho-SMAD3 complexed with CO-SMAD (SMAD4) at a promoter containing the FoxO3a-binding Element (Fu and Peng 20110).
R-HSA-170847 (Reactome) The phosphorylated C-terminal tail of R-SMAD induces a conformational change in the MH2 domain (Qin et al. 2001, Chacko et al. 2004), which now acquires high affinity towards Co-SMAD i.e. SMAD4 (common mediator of signal transduction in TGF-beta/BMP signaling). The R-SMAD:Co-SMAD complex (Nakao et al. 1997) most likely is a trimer of two R-SMADs with one Co-SMAD (Kawabata et al. 1998). It is important to note that the Co-SMAD itself cannot be phosphorylated as it lacks the C-terminal serine motif.

ZFYVE16 (endofin) promotes SMAD heterotrimer formation. ZFYVE16 can bind TGFBR1 and facilitate SMAD2 phosphorylation, and it can also bind SMAD4, but the exact mechanism of ZFYVE16 (endofin) action in the context of TGF-beta receptor signaling is not known (Chen et al. 2007).
R-HSA-173488 (Reactome) The phosphorylated R-SMAD:CO-SMAD complex rapidly translocates to the nucleus (Xu et al. 2000, Kurisaki et al. 2001, Xiao et al. 2003) where it binds directly to DNA and interacts with a plethora of transcription co-factors. Regulation of target gene expression can be either positive or negative. A classic example of a target gene of the pathway are the genes encoding for I-SMADs. Thus, TGF-beta/SMAD signaling induces the expression of the negative regulators of the pathway (negative feedback loop).
SMAD2,3:SMAD4:FOXH1:Activin Response ElementArrowR-HSA-1225919 (Reactome)
SMAD2,3:SMAD4:FOXO3:FoxO3a-binding ElementArrowR-HSA-1535903 (Reactome)
SMAD2/3R-HSA-1181355 (Reactome)
SMAD4R-HSA-170847 (Reactome)
p-2S-SMAD2/3:SMAD4ArrowR-HSA-170847 (Reactome)
p-2S-SMAD2/3:SMAD4ArrowR-HSA-173488 (Reactome)
p-2S-SMAD2/3:SMAD4R-HSA-1225919 (Reactome)
p-2S-SMAD2/3:SMAD4R-HSA-1535903 (Reactome)
p-2S-SMAD2/3:SMAD4R-HSA-173488 (Reactome)
p-2S-SMAD2/3ArrowR-HSA-1181355 (Reactome)
p-2S-SMAD2/3R-HSA-170847 (Reactome)
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