Interferon alpha/beta signaling (Homo sapiens)

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5, 16, 34, 4114, 2711, 33, 34, 39415, 185, 8, 401516, 3220, 28124, 7, 11, 21, 24...20, 35181210, 13, 423029, 411, 2, 6, 9, 17...3, 23, 36, 38cytosolmitochondrionendoplasmic reticulum lumennucleoplasmIFNAR1 IFNAR2-2 p-Y1054,Y1055-TYK2 IFNA21 ISGF3IFNA4 IFNA1 p-Y466,Y481-IFNAR1 p-Y701-STAT1-1 JAK1 p-Y-JAK1 IFNA5 IFNA10 IFNAR1 p-Y690-STAT2 IFNA14 IFNA10 IFNA5 IFNAR2-2 ISRE promoterelements in type IIFN-regulated genesIFNA4 IFNAR1 H2OSTAT2 p-Y701-STAT1-1 STAT2 IFNAR2-2p-Y-JAK1 IRF9 IFNA1 p-Y1054,Y1055-TYK2 IFNA10 IFNA7 IFNA14 USP18 p-Y701-STAT1-1 IFNA16 IFNA14 IFNB1 IFNA21 IFIT1IFNA4 IFNAR2-2 OAS proteinsADPIFNAR1:TYK2IFNA6 p-Y466,Y481-IFNAR1 ADARIFNA6 Mx GTPasesIFNA14 IFNA2 ISG15STAT2 IFNA17 ATPp-Y1054,Y1055-TYK2 IFNA14 IFNA21 IFNA21 p-Y1054,Y1055-TYK2 IFNA6 IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:p-IFNAR1:p-TYK2:p-STAT2:STAT1IFNA6 IFNA16 p-Y-JAK1 H2OIFNA5 IFNAR1 IFNA16 IFNA17 IFNA17 p-Y690-STAT2 SOCS1 IFNA21 IFNA6 IFNA16 IFNA16 IFNAR2-2 STAT2 IFNA8 IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:IFNAR1:TYK2STAT1IFNA5 IFNAR2-2 IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:p-IFNAR1:p-TYK2:p-STAT2IFIT3IFNB1 p-STAT1:p-STAT1p-Y1054,Y1055-TYK2 IFNA6 PTPN11XAF1IFNA10 SOCS3 IFITM3IFNA8 p-Y701-STAT1-2 IFNA4 IFNA16 IFNA6 IFNAR2-2 IFNA10 STAT2 STAT2 PSMB8IFNAR2-2 ADPp-Y701-STAT1-1 IFNA8 STAT1-1 IFNA4 IFNB1 RNASELIFNAR2-2 IFNB1 IFNA7 p-Y466,Y481-IFNAR1 p-Y701-STAT1-2 IFNA5 p-Y-JAK1 IFNA8 IFNA7 IFNA1 TYK2 p-Y701-STAT1-1 PiIRF 1-9IFNA7 IFNA16 IFNA14 IFNA17 IFNA17 p-Y690-STAT2 IFNA7 IFNA8 Class I MHC heavychain (MHC HC)p-STAT2:p-STAT1IFNA14 ATPp-Y690-STAT2 IFNA10 ADPTYK2 IFNA8 IFNA14 p-Y701-STAT1-2 IFNA7 IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:p-IFNAR1:p-TYK2:STAT2IFNA5 IFNA5 IFN alpha/beta(IFNA/B)IFNA21 IFNA17 IFNB1 IFNB1 IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:IFNAR1:p-TYK2IFNA7 p-Y690-STAT2 IFNA21 IFNA10 IFNAR2-2 IFNA10 IP6K2IFNA4 USP18IFNA2 p-Y701-STAT1-2 IFNA21 IFNA14 ISGF3 bound to ISREpromotor elementsIFNA8 IFNA16 p-Y690-STAT2 GBP2IFNA/B:IFNAR2:JAK1:STAT2p-Y1054,Y1055-TYK2 IFITM1IFNA7 IFNA17 IFNB1 IFNA2 IFI35STAT2 IFNA10 IFNA17 IFNA17 IFNA4 p-Y466,Y481-IFNAR1 IFNA1 STAT2 IFI6JAK1 IFNA1 p-Y466,Y481-IFNAR1 TYK2 PiIFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:p-IFNAR1:p-TYK2IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:p-IFNAR1:p-TYK2:p-STAT2:p-STAT1IRF9IFNA4 IFNAR2-2 IFNA1 p-Y701-STAT1-1 IRF9 p-Y-JAK1 IFNA21 IFNA6 IFNA1 IFNAR2-2 IFNA8 p-Y701-STAT1-1 IFNA1 IFNA4 IFIT2IFNA17 STAT2 p-Y1054,Y1055-TYK2 p-STAT1 homodimerPTPN6IFNA16 EGR1H2OIFITM2STAT2 ATPIFNB1 IFI27p-Y-JAK1 IFNB1 IFNA4 p-Y466,Y481-IFNAR1 IFNA6 IFNA1 IRF9 ATPIFNA5 IFNA2 p-Y-JAK1 IFNA7 PTPN1PTPN6,PTPN11p-Y701-STAT1-2 SOCS-1 and SOCS-3STAT1-1IFNAR2:JAK1:STAT2PiISGF3IFNA2 IFNA8 IFNA21 IFNA14 IFNAR2c:UBP43IFNA5 p-Y-JAK1 IFNA2 IFNAR2-2 ADPIFNA8 IFNA16 IFNA/B:IFNAR2:JAK1:STAT2:IFNAR1:TYK2IFNA2 STAT1-2 p-Y690-STAT2 ATPIFNA1 STAT2IFNA6 p-TYK2:p-IFNAR1:SOCS-1/SOCS-3:IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2JAK1 IFNB1 IFNA2 IFNA7 ISG20IFNA2 IFNA5 IFNA10 STAT2 IFNA2


Description

Type I interferons (IFNs) are composed of various genes including IFN alpha (IFNA), beta (IFNB), omega, epsilon, and kappa. In humans the IFNA genes are composed of more than 13 subfamily genes, whereas there is only one IFNB gene. The large family of IFNA/B proteins all bind to a single receptor which is composed of two distinct chains: IFNAR1 and IFNAR2. The IFNA/B stimulation of the IFNA receptor complex leads to the formation of two transcriptional activator complexes: IFNA-activated-factor (AAF), which is a homodimer of STAT1 and IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), which comprises STAT1, STAT2 and a member of the IRF family, IRF9/P48. AAF mediates activation of the IRF-1 gene by binding to GAS (IFNG-activated site), whereas ISGF3 activates several IFN-inducible genes including IRF3 and IRF7. Source:Reactome.

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Bibliography

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History

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CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
114797view16:29, 25 January 2021ReactomeTeamReactome version 75
113240view11:30, 2 November 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 74
112460view15:41, 9 October 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 73
101367view11:25, 1 November 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 66
100905view21:00, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 65
100446view19:35, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 64
99995view16:19, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 63
99549view14:53, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62 (2nd attempt)
99182view12:42, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62
93744view13:33, 16 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
93258view11:18, 9 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
86337view09:15, 11 July 2016ReactomeTeamreactome version 56
83224view10:25, 18 November 2015ReactomeTeamVersion54
81620view13:09, 21 August 2015ReactomeTeamVersion53
77078view08:37, 17 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
76783view12:14, 16 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
76106view10:17, 11 June 2014ReactomeTeamRe-fixing comment source
75818view11:37, 10 June 2014ReactomeTeamReactome 48 Update
75168view14:11, 8 May 2014AnweshaFixing comment source for displaying WikiPathways description
74815view08:54, 30 April 2014ReactomeTeamReactome46
44864view09:57, 6 October 2011MartijnVanIerselOntology Term : 'immune response pathway' added !
42055view21:53, 4 March 2011MaintBotAutomatic update
39861view05:53, 21 January 2011MaintBotNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
ADARProteinP55265 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADPMetaboliteCHEBI:16761 (ChEBI)
ATPMetaboliteCHEBI:15422 (ChEBI)
Class I MHC heavy chain (MHC HC)R-HSA-983117 (Reactome)
EGR1ProteinP18146 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GBP2ProteinP32456 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
H2OMetaboliteCHEBI:15377 (ChEBI)
IFI27ProteinP40305 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFI35ProteinP80217 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFI6ProteinP09912 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFIT1ProteinP09914 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFIT2ProteinP09913 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFIT3ProteinO14879 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFITM1ProteinP13164 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFITM2ProteinQ01629 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFITM3ProteinQ01628 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFN alpha/beta (IFNA/B)R-HSA-909690 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:JAK1:STAT2:IFNAR1:TYK2ComplexR-HSA-909703 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:JAK1:STAT2ComplexR-HSA-918195 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:IFNAR1:TYK2ComplexR-HSA-997300 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:IFNAR1:p-TYK2ComplexR-HSA-909705 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:p-IFNAR1:p-TYK2:STAT2ComplexR-HSA-909696 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:p-IFNAR1:p-TYK2:p-STAT2:STAT1ComplexR-HSA-997304 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:p-IFNAR1:p-TYK2:p-STAT2:p-STAT1ComplexR-HSA-909711 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:p-IFNAR1:p-TYK2:p-STAT2ComplexR-HSA-909697 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:p-IFNAR1:p-TYK2ComplexR-HSA-909704 (Reactome)
IFNA1 ProteinP01562 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFNA10 ProteinP01566 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFNA14 ProteinP01570 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFNA16 ProteinP05015 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFNA17 ProteinP01571 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFNA2 ProteinP01563 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFNA21 ProteinP01568 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFNA4 ProteinP05014 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFNA5 ProteinP01569 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFNA6 ProteinP05013 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFNA7 ProteinP01567 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFNA8 ProteinP32881 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFNAR1 ProteinP17181 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFNAR1:TYK2ComplexR-HSA-909708 (Reactome)
IFNAR2-2 ProteinP48551-2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFNAR2-2ProteinP48551-2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFNAR2:JAK1:STAT2ComplexR-HSA-918193 (Reactome)
IFNAR2c:UBP43ComplexR-HSA-912690 (Reactome)
IFNB1 ProteinP01574 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IP6K2ProteinQ9UHH9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IRF 1-9R-HSA-1015695 (Reactome)
IRF9 ProteinQ00978 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IRF9ProteinQ00978 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ISG15ProteinP05161 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ISG20ProteinQ96AZ6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ISGF3 bound to ISRE promotor elementsComplexR-HSA-1015697 (Reactome)
ISGF3ComplexR-HSA-909698 (Reactome)
ISGF3ComplexR-HSA-913527 (Reactome)
ISRE promoter

elements in type I

IFN-regulated genes		R-NUL-1015692 (Reactome)
JAK1 ProteinP23458 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Mx GTPasesR-HSA-1015693 (Reactome)
OAS proteinsR-HSA-1015696 (Reactome)
PSMB8ProteinP28062 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTPN11ProteinQ06124 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTPN1ProteinP18031 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTPN6,PTPN11R-HSA-389744 (Reactome)
PTPN6ProteinP29350 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PiMetaboliteCHEBI:18367 (ChEBI)
RNASELProteinQ05823 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SOCS-1 and SOCS-3R-HSA-877267 (Reactome)
SOCS1 ProteinO15524 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SOCS3 ProteinO14543 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
STAT1-1 ProteinP42224-1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
STAT1-1ProteinP42224-1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
STAT1-2 ProteinP42224-2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
STAT1R-HSA-380755 (Reactome)
STAT2 ProteinP52630 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
STAT2ProteinP52630 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TYK2 ProteinP29597 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
USP18 ProteinQ9UMW8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
USP18ProteinQ9UMW8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
XAF1ProteinQ6GPH4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-STAT1 homodimerComplexR-HSA-913524 (Reactome)
p-STAT1:p-STAT1ComplexR-HSA-913526 (Reactome)
p-STAT2:p-STAT1ComplexR-HSA-909702 (Reactome)
p-TYK2:p-IFNAR1:SOCS-1/SOCS-3:IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2ComplexR-HSA-912681 (Reactome)
p-Y-JAK1 ProteinP23458 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-Y1054,Y1055-TYK2 ProteinP29597 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-Y466,Y481-IFNAR1 ProteinP17181 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-Y690-STAT2 ProteinP52630 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-Y701-STAT1-1 ProteinP42224-1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-Y701-STAT1-2 ProteinP42224-2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)

Annotated Interactions

View all...
SourceTargetTypeDatabase referenceComment
ADARArrowR-HSA-1015702 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-909718 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-909729 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-909730 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-909732 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-909718 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-909726 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-909729 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-909730 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-909732 (Reactome)
Class I MHC heavy chain (MHC HC)ArrowR-HSA-1015702 (Reactome)
EGR1ArrowR-HSA-1015702 (Reactome)
GBP2ArrowR-HSA-1015702 (Reactome)
H2OR-HSA-997309 (Reactome)
H2OR-HSA-997311 (Reactome)
H2OR-HSA-997314 (Reactome)
IFI27ArrowR-HSA-1015702 (Reactome)
IFI35ArrowR-HSA-1015702 (Reactome)
IFI6ArrowR-HSA-1015702 (Reactome)
IFIT1ArrowR-HSA-1015702 (Reactome)
IFIT2ArrowR-HSA-1015702 (Reactome)
IFIT3ArrowR-HSA-1015702 (Reactome)
IFITM1ArrowR-HSA-1015702 (Reactome)
IFITM2ArrowR-HSA-1015702 (Reactome)
IFITM3ArrowR-HSA-1015702 (Reactome)
IFN alpha/beta (IFNA/B)R-HSA-909720 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:JAK1:STAT2:IFNAR1:TYK2ArrowR-HSA-909724 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:JAK1:STAT2:IFNAR1:TYK2ArrowR-HSA-997314 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:JAK1:STAT2:IFNAR1:TYK2R-HSA-909729 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:JAK1:STAT2:IFNAR1:TYK2R-HSA-912680 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:JAK1:STAT2:IFNAR1:TYK2mim-catalysisR-HSA-909729 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:JAK1:STAT2ArrowR-HSA-909720 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:JAK1:STAT2R-HSA-909724 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:IFNAR1:TYK2ArrowR-HSA-997311 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:IFNAR1:TYK2R-HSA-997314 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:IFNAR1:p-TYK2ArrowR-HSA-909729 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:IFNAR1:p-TYK2R-HSA-909730 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:IFNAR1:p-TYK2R-HSA-997311 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:IFNAR1:p-TYK2mim-catalysisR-HSA-909730 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:p-IFNAR1:p-TYK2:STAT2ArrowR-HSA-909719 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:p-IFNAR1:p-TYK2:STAT2R-HSA-909732 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:p-IFNAR1:p-TYK2:STAT2mim-catalysisR-HSA-909732 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:p-IFNAR1:p-TYK2:p-STAT2:STAT1ArrowR-HSA-997309 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:p-IFNAR1:p-TYK2:p-STAT2:p-STAT1ArrowR-HSA-909726 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:p-IFNAR1:p-TYK2:p-STAT2:p-STAT1R-HSA-909722 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:p-IFNAR1:p-TYK2:p-STAT2:p-STAT1R-HSA-997309 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:p-IFNAR1:p-TYK2:p-STAT2:p-STAT1mim-catalysisR-HSA-909718 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:p-IFNAR1:p-TYK2:p-STAT2ArrowR-HSA-909732 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:p-IFNAR1:p-TYK2:p-STAT2R-HSA-909726 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:p-IFNAR1:p-TYK2:p-STAT2mim-catalysisR-HSA-909726 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:p-IFNAR1:p-TYK2ArrowR-HSA-909722 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:p-IFNAR1:p-TYK2ArrowR-HSA-909730 (Reactome)
IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2:p-IFNAR1:p-TYK2R-HSA-909719 (Reactome)
IFNAR1:TYK2R-HSA-909724 (Reactome)
IFNAR2-2R-HSA-912685 (Reactome)
IFNAR2:JAK1:STAT2R-HSA-909720 (Reactome)
IFNAR2c:UBP43ArrowR-HSA-912685 (Reactome)
IP6K2ArrowR-HSA-1015702 (Reactome)
IRF 1-9ArrowR-HSA-1015702 (Reactome)
IRF9R-HSA-909725 (Reactome)
ISG15ArrowR-HSA-1015702 (Reactome)
ISG20ArrowR-HSA-1015702 (Reactome)
ISGF3 bound to ISRE promotor elementsArrowR-HSA-1015699 (Reactome)
ISGF3 bound to ISRE promotor elementsArrowR-HSA-1015702 (Reactome)
ISGF3ArrowR-HSA-909721 (Reactome)
ISGF3ArrowR-HSA-909725 (Reactome)
ISGF3R-HSA-1015699 (Reactome)
ISGF3R-HSA-909721 (Reactome)
ISRE promoter

elements in type I

IFN-regulated genes		R-HSA-1015699 (Reactome)
Mx GTPasesArrowR-HSA-1015702 (Reactome)
OAS proteinsArrowR-HSA-1015702 (Reactome)
PSMB8ArrowR-HSA-1015702 (Reactome)
PTPN11mim-catalysisR-HSA-997309 (Reactome)
PTPN1mim-catalysisR-HSA-997311 (Reactome)
PTPN6,PTPN11TBarR-HSA-909726 (Reactome)
PTPN6mim-catalysisR-HSA-997314 (Reactome)
PiArrowR-HSA-997309 (Reactome)
PiArrowR-HSA-997311 (Reactome)
PiArrowR-HSA-997314 (Reactome)
R-HSA-1015699 (Reactome) Effects of IFNs result from induction of a subset of genes, called IFN stimulated genes (ISGs). These ISGs are mainly implicated in anti-viral, anti-angiogenic, immunomodulatory, cell cycle inhibitory effects and apoptotic functions. All IFNA/B-stimulated genes have a conserved region of about 15bp in their promoter called the Interferon Stimulation Response Element (ISRE). The transcription factor ISGF3 binds to this ISRE and induce the transcription of these genes by IFN.
R-HSA-1015702 (Reactome) Around 300 IFN-induced genes have been identified from different oligonucleotide microarray studies in melanoma (WM9) and fibrosarcoma (HT1080) cell lines as well as from human dendritic cells treated with IFN. Only the proteins which are well studied and their function characterized are represented here.
R-HSA-909718 (Reactome) Under certain conditions type I IFNs, IFNA/B are able to activate genes through a second STAT-based signaling cascade enabling the formation of p-STAT1:p-STAT1 homodimers called IFNA-activated-factor (AAF).
R-HSA-909719 (Reactome) Phosphorylated tyrosine residue 466 on IFNAR1 acts as a docking site for STAT2. Latent STAT2 is recruited to this phosphotyrosine residue via its SH2 domain.
R-HSA-909720 (Reactome) The ligand IFNalpha/beta (IFNA/B), interacts independently with the two interferon receptor subunits. Based on detailed binding studies with the extracellular domains of the receptor subunits tethered onto solid-supported membranes, a two-step binding mechanism was experimentally confirmed, where the ligand binds first to one of the receptor subunits and then recruits the second subunit (Gavutis et al. 2005). The efficiency of recruitment of the IFNA receptor subunits by the IFN ligand depends on the absolute and relative concentration of the receptor subunits.
IFNAR2 chain constitutively associates with JAK1 kinase in its cytoplasmic domain. In addition IFNAR2 also binds STAT2 in a constitutive manner and this interaction is biochemically different from the interaction of STAT2 with phosphorylated IFNAR1. Although this interaction facilitates the recruitment of STAT2 to the receptors, the biological significance of this constitutive STAT2 interaction to IFNAR2 remains unclear (Nguyen et al, 2002). IFNAR2 not only associates with STAT2, but also with STAT1 and this binding of STAT1 to IFNAR2 depends on the presence of STAT2 but not vice versa.
IFNA/B may first bind to the high-affinity subunit IFNAR2 and subsequently recruit IFNAR1 in a transient fashion (Lamken et al. 2004). Different type I IFNs interact differently with the two IFNA receptor (IFNAR) subunits, IFNB generates a more stable signaling complex than IFNA subtypes. The interaction between IFNalpha2 (IFNA2) and IFNAR2 has an affinity in the nM range, whereas the affinity of the interaction with INFB is about tenfold tighter.
R-HSA-909721 (Reactome) The resultant ISGF3 trimeric complex then migrates to the nucleus and binds to interferon-stimulated response elements (ISREs). IRF9 is the DNA binding part of this ISGF3 complex. These ISREs are present in the promoters of a subset of ISGs (interferon stimulated genes), such as promyelocytic leukemia (PML), ISG15 ubiquitin-like modifier (ISG15), interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2 (ISG54) and interferon alpha-inducible protein 6 (IFI6) to elicit an antiviral response.
R-HSA-909722 (Reactome) The phosphorylated STAT2:STAT1 heterodimers thus formed disassociate from the IFNAR1 subunit and translocates to the nucleus.
R-HSA-909724 (Reactome) The extracellular domain of IFNAR1 is atypical, consisting of a tandem array of four FNIII domains and the first three N-terminal FNIII domains are involved in ligand recognition. IFNAR1 is recruited to the binary complex (IFNA/B:IFNAR2) on the membrane to form the ternary complex (IFNAR2:IFNA/B:IFNAR1). TYK2 kinase is pre-associated with IFNAR1 and JAK1 with IFNAR2. The binding of IFNA/B to IFNA receptors brings these JAK kinase together, allowing cross-phosphorylation and kinase activation.
R-HSA-909725 (Reactome) The phosphorylated STAT2:STAT1 heterodimer associates with interferon-regulating factor 9 (IRF9) to form the interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) complex.
R-HSA-909726 (Reactome) Phosphotyrosine on STAT2 acts as docking site for STAT1 molecules. STAT1 binds to phosphorylated STAT2 and this is followed by STAT1 phosphorylation on tyrosine residue 701 (Y701). These STATs recruited to the phosporylated IFNAR1 form two distinct transcriptional activator complexes, namely, IFN-alpha-activated factor (AAF) and IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3). AAF is a homodimer of STAT1, whereas ISGF3 is a heterotrimeric complex of STAT1, STAT2 and IRF9 (also known as p48 or ISGF3gamma) (Honda et al. 2005).
R-HSA-909729 (Reactome) The two chains IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 are pre-associated with the JAK kinases TYK2 and JAK1, respectively. Receptor heterodimerization brings these JAK kinases into close proximity and they are activated by reciprocal trans-phosphorylation. Tyr-1054 and Tyr-1055 within the activation loop of TYK2 sub-domain VII are critical for TYK2 activation. For JAK1 two tyrosine residues with in the KEYY motif (Tyr 1034 and Tyr 1035) of the kinase domain are thought to be transphosphorylated.
R-HSA-909730 (Reactome) TYK2 functions as part of a receptor complex to trigger intracellular signaling in response to IFNA/B. TYK2 bound to IFNAR1 subunit is activated in response to IFNA/B treatment and this in turn phosphorylates two tyrosine residues Y466 and Y481 in the juxta-membrane region of IFNAR1.
R-HSA-909732 (Reactome) STAT2 recruited to the IFNAR1 subunit then becomes tyrosine phosphorylated on residue 690 by TYK2 kinase. This phosphotyrosine provides a docking site for recruitment of STAT1 to IFNAR1, which is then tyrosine phosphorylated and activated.
R-HSA-912680 (Reactome) SOCS1/3 are the major negative regulators of IFNA/B signaling. They inhibit JAKs catalytic activity directly through their kinase inhibitory region (KIR) and turn off downstream IFNA/B signaling. SOCS1 may also prevent IFN signaling by targeting the signaling machinery to ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation pathway.
R-HSA-912685 (Reactome) UBP43, a type I IFN-inducible cysteine protease acts as a negative regulator of type I IFN signaling. UBP43 binds directly to IFNAR2 and blocks JAK-receptor interaction leading to inhibition of downstream phosphorylation and other signaling events.
R-HSA-913529 (Reactome) IFNA-activated-factor (AAF) translocates to nucleus and then promotes the expression of a distinct set of gamma activated sequence (GAS)-driven genes like IRF1. IRF1, in turn, induces the transcription of ISG15, ISG54 and IFI6 genes. This second pathway of STAT1 homodimer formation is primarily activated by IFNG and is likely to account for some of the functional overlap between type I and type II IFNs.
R-HSA-997309 (Reactome) SHP2 negatively regulates the IFN-induced JAK-STAT pathway by dephosphorylating STAT1 on Y701.
R-HSA-997311 (Reactome) TYK2 bears the substrate recognition motif for PTP1B, and on IFN stimulation PTP1B interacts with and dephosphorylates TYK2.
R-HSA-997314 (Reactome) SHP1 directly associates with and dephosphorylates JAK1/2.
RNASELArrowR-HSA-1015702 (Reactome)
SOCS-1 and SOCS-3R-HSA-912680 (Reactome)
STAT1-1R-HSA-909718 (Reactome)
STAT1R-HSA-909726 (Reactome)
STAT2R-HSA-909719 (Reactome)
USP18R-HSA-912685 (Reactome)
XAF1ArrowR-HSA-1015702 (Reactome)
p-STAT1 homodimerArrowR-HSA-909718 (Reactome)
p-STAT1 homodimerR-HSA-913529 (Reactome)
p-STAT1:p-STAT1ArrowR-HSA-913529 (Reactome)
p-STAT2:p-STAT1ArrowR-HSA-909722 (Reactome)
p-STAT2:p-STAT1R-HSA-909725 (Reactome)
p-TYK2:p-IFNAR1:SOCS-1/SOCS-3:IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2ArrowR-HSA-912680 (Reactome)
p-TYK2:p-IFNAR1:SOCS-1/SOCS-3:IFNA/B:IFNAR2:p-JAK1:STAT2TBarR-HSA-909729 (Reactome)
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