Assembly of the primary cilium (Homo sapiens)

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8, 9, 37, 52, 53, 68...18, 79, 137928, 13, 27, 38, 75...4, 21, 25, 27, 32...7, 11, 19, 40, 52...26, 43, 51, 64, 76...17, 44, 45, 63, 80...37, 47, 109, 135, 15118, 27, 30, 41, 50...21, 22, 32, 42, 62...9, 20, 35, 37, 47...12, 14, 37, 10012, 14, 28, 86, 10023, 87, 10651, 56, 64, 76, 91...27, 50, 52, 82, 106...13217, 44, 45, 63, 80...30, 71, 99, 12418, 30, 32, 33, 49...3518, 30, 50, 82, 111...17, 44, 45, 63, 80...18, 30, 31, 79, 137...8, 13, 38, 71, 88...44, 13235, 37, 47, 10944, 93, 1325, 60, 9227, 41, 5227, 41, 53, 77, 825, 60, 9238, 15415, 24, 39, 74, 77...2, 13, 16, 34, 48...92131, 1321, 24, 67, 74, 77...10, 18, 46, 79, 110...9, 35, 36, 42, 61...18, 57, 72, 97, 111...7826, 43, 76, 10318, 65, 8855, 1328, 13, 38, 71, 1124, 6, 9, 12, 29...3, 27, 37, 71, 99...10, 18, 30, 54, 70...35, 59, 90, 115, 134...endoplasmic reticulum lumencytosolGolgi-associated vesicleGolgi-associated vesicleGolgi-associated vesicleGolgi lumenprimary ciliumTUBB4B ARL3 PCM1 IFT52 EXOC7 IFT80 CEP135 DYNC1I2 HSP90AA1 TTC26 acetylatedmicrotubuleDCTN2 WDR19EXOC8 IFT20 RP2 DCTN2 CEP152 FBF1 IFT74 IFT172 TTC21B TMEM67 IFT122RAB3IP basalbody:transitionzoneproteins:RAB3IP:RAB11A:GTP:Golgi-derived vesicleGTP RAB11FIP3 CEP192 TUBB TTC26DYNC2H1 HSPB11 IFT BMARK4 TRAF3IP1 CKAP5 RAB11FIP3 IFT88 ALMS1 PRKACA CC2D2A CEP83 DCTN2 TUBA4A CLASP1 HSP90AA1 WDR19 TTBK2 SSNA1 BBS5 UNC119B DYNC2LI1 CEP162 DYNC1H1 IFT80 GDPIFT46 SCLT1 ALMS1 GTP YWHAE TRIP11GDP EXOC3 IFT27 BBS5 CEP78 DCTN2 AKAP9 TUBB TTC21B CLASP1 NDE1 IFT74 ARL13B MKKS BBS1 TUBG1 MKS1 CEP152 GTP CEP63 AKAP9 CEP250 C2CD3 RAB11FIP3 Tectonic-likecomplexSSNA1 H2ONPHP1 ARL3 BBS1 RAB8A TCTN3 ODF2 TNPO1 C2CD3 GTPYWHAE HSPB11 CKAP5 KIF24 TTC21B NPHP4 CEP135 BBS7 TRAF3IP1 CEP70 ACTR1A ARL3 WDR35 FGFR1OP TTC21B MAPRE1 OFD1 CEP152 IQCB1 DCTN1-2 IFT27 PCM1 CEP164 GDP TUBB4B IFT27 IFT43 CDK1 CEP72 CEP57 CEP89 PPP2R1A SCLT1 DCTN3 IFT74RAB11A CDK5RAP2 IFT BBBS4TTBK2 TNPO1UNC119B IFT57 acetylatedmicrotubulePRKAR2B DYNC1I2 RAB3IP HAUS2 SDCCAG8 MyrG2-CYS1 DYNC1I2 EXOC2 Kinesin-2 motorsWDR35 CEP162 CCT2 IFT57 CEP57 IFT172 IFT172 SSNA1 IQCB1 IFT27 IFT80 ACTR1A CEP41 IFT122 TUBB IFT46 WDR60 CEP164CEP72 TUBA4A CEP164 PCM1 DYNLL1 RABL5 RAB11A IFT122 IFT80 PLK4 PDE6D CEP97 TTC21B CEP192 BBS2PCNT CEP78 ARL3 IFT46 CEP70 RAB8A:GTP:RAB3IP:RAB11A:GTP:RAB11FIP3 dimer:ASAP1 dimer:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteinsRAB3IP:BBSomeDCTN1-2 TUBG1 NINL AZI1 WDR60 OFD1 CEP57 DCTN2 IFT57 YWHAG CEP135 IFT20 TTC8 CCT8 ASAP1 PiCEP78 mothercentriole:C2CD3DCTN3 RAB8A SSNA1 KIF17 dimer:TNPO1DCTN2 PLK1 RABL5 PRKAR2B SDCCAG8 ASAP1 YWHAG DYNC1H1 TUBB4A UNC119B:myristoylated ciliary cargoDYNLL1 C2CD3 CEP70 TUBB4A C2CD3CC2D2A CEP192 ACTR1A PLK4 CNTRL IFT88CEP135 PRKACA PLK1 CDK1 TTC26 RAB11A HSPB11KIF17 TTBK2 YWHAG ARF4:GTPBBS10 CSNK1D SCLT1 ARL3 PCNT INPP5E RAB3IPTUBA1A FGFR1OP RAB3IP CLUAP OFD1 CEP72 AKAP9 GTP RAB11A:GTP:Golgiderived vesicleKIF17 DCTN1-2 TCTN2 IFT81 CKAP5 PAFAH1B1 PDE6D:INPP5EFGFR1OP CEP164 RABL5 GDP MKS1 ARF4 IQCB1 TUBA1A IFT88 CEP83 ALMS1 CEP192 BBS1 RAB3IP NEK2 RAB11A EXOC8 IFT46 IFT52TTBK2HAUS2 TTBK2 CEP250 IFT20 AZI1 IFT52 RAB11FIP3 AZI1 RAB3IP DYNC2LI1 Kinesin-2 motorsGTP TUBB4B UNC119B AKAP9 IFT172 CEP89 CEP89 CEP76 SFI1 IFT46 C2CD3 CEP72 DYNC2LI1 KIF24 NEK2 TRAF3IP1 SCLT1 DYNLL1 CEP89CoA-SHCENPJ CEP76 CEP83 OFD1 TRAF3IP1MyrG2-NPHP3 IFT140 TTBK2 TUBB PLK1 CSNK1D CEP78 DCTN1-2 NDE1 CEP162 GTP myristoylatedciliary proteinsCETN2 IFT27GTP PRKAR2B CLUAP CEP78 AKAP9 ALMS1 GTP LZTFL1 RABL5 PDE6D PLK1 myristoylatedciliary cargoWDR60 CLASP1 CEP162 TCTN2 CEP290 CLASP1 KIF17 ARF4:GDPTRAF3IP1 IFT46 ODF2 CEP290 B9D2 CSNK1E EXOC3 ARL6:GTPPCM1 PAFAH1B1 YWHAE ARF4 CETN2 TUBG1 FGFR1OP microtubuleKIF24 PPP2R1A SCLT1TUBG1 DCTN1-2 TRAF3IP1 DYNC2LI1 TMEM216 BBS9 GDP CEP57 WDR60 SDCCAG8 AKAP9 TTC8 TRAF3IP1 FGFR1OP TTC26 ALMS1 TUBA1A ARL6 TMEM216 CEP83 GDP GTP IFT140 TMEM216 SFI1 SFI1 CLUAP RP2:ARL3:GTP:UNC119BCENPJ ODF2 TUBG1 PCNT CEP250 RAB11A:GTP:RAB11FIP3dimer:ASAP1dimer:ARF4:GTP:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteinsRAB3IP IFT43 IFT74 CENPJ CEP63 CSNK1E SSNA1 WDR34 IFT140 HSPB11 DCTN3 INPP5E LZTFL1oligomer:BBSomeARL3:GTP:UNC119B:myristoylated ciliary cargoARL13B SCLT1 BBS12 CSNK1D CSNK1D ARL13BHSP90AA1 PAFAH1B1 RAB11FIP3 YWHAG RAB11A:GTPHDAC6IFT43 PLK1 GDPDYNC2H1 BBS7WDR34 TCTN1 CLUAP TCTN2 IFT43 CETN2 PDE6D:INPP5ESFI1 INPP5ERAB3IP:RAB8A:GDPWDR60 ARL3 HSP90AA1 MyrG2-NPHP3 UNC119BASAP1 EXOC4 CEP290 TUBB4A retrograde IFTtrainsIFT20 CEP152 TTC8 CENPJ IFT140 AZI1 TUBB GTP CEP290 WDR19 TTC26 HAUS2 RP2:ARL3:GTP:UNC119B(active)TUBA1A DYNC1I2 TUBA4A ASAP1dimer:ARF4:GTP:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteinsIFT57 YWHAG KIF24 PRKAR2B anterograde IFTtrainsWDR34 MARK4WDR35CSNK1E OFD1 OFD1 CEP78 EXOC6 CEP152 MAPRE1 active kinesin-2motorsCNTRL IFT52 CDK5RAP2 PRKACA DYNLL1 CCP110 PAFAH1B1 TUBB4A SDCCAG8 PRKACA DYNC2H1 TUBB4B RAB8A:GDPCDK1 CEP57 RP2 HSP90AA1 TUBB4B NDE1 BBS5 BBIP1 Ac-CoAGTP TUBG1 NDE1 WDR19 IFT88 IFT74 CDK1 YWHAE CEP97 TUBG1 NINL EXOC5 INPP5E WDR35 CEP250 CDK5RAP2 TCTN1 IFT52 SSNA1 IFT20 PRKACA NEDD1 WDR34 CETN2 HAUS2 IFT122 PLK4 PAFAH1B1 BBS7 CDK1 BBS1 CCT5 IFT57 IFT57TUBB4A CCP110CCT3 TUBB4B NDE1 RPGRIP1L CDK1 IFT57 CEP192 ASAP1 PCNT PAFAH1B1 DYNC2H1 BBS9 CLASP1 CLASP1 NINL RABL5PCM1 CCP110 HSP90AA1 EXOC7 GTPB9D1 CKAP5 CEP41 CEP41 MAPRE1 CCP110 RAB8A:GDP:RAB3IP:RAB11A:GTP:FIP3 dimer:ASAP1 dimer:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteinsTCTN3 HAUS2 YWHAE CNTRL SFI1 FBF1 TTC30EXOC2 PAFAH1B1 PDE6DB9D2 PLK1 CEP41 PPP2R1A CEP83 CDK1 CDK5RAP2 BBIP1 TMEM67 ARL13B:INPP5E:PDE6DNEDD1 KIF24 BBS7 CSNK1E ODF2 CC2D2A CSNK1D MAPRE1 IFT122 GTP CETN2 WDR35 TTC26 IFT88 ARF4:GTP:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteinsCEP135 CLUAPARL6:GTP:BBSome:ciliary cargoFBF1CEP41 MAPRE1 mother centrioleCentrosome:C2CD3:distal appendage proteinsCEP78 PCM1 VxPx-containingciliary membraneproteinsTMEM67 PLK4 TUBB4B basal bodyRAB11A ARL6 DYNC2LI1 RAB3IP CDK5RAP2 CEP70 CETN2 ALMS1 BBIP1GDP PCM1 NEDD1 PPP2R1A CEP162 CSNK1D DYNC2LI1 B9D2 anterograde IFTtrainsCNTRL UNC119B CEP63 RAB11A:GTP:RAB11FIP3dimer:ASAP1dimer:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteinsCEP152 Centrosome:C2CD3:distal appendage proteins:TTBK2PRKACA NEK2 ASAP1 FBF1 WDR19 AKAP9 KIF17 dimer:TNPO1UNC119BRAB11A ARL13B:INPP5EHAUS2 EXOC1 RAB8A TUBB4A BBS2 DYNLL1 NPHP complexCEP72 LZTFL1 DYNC2H1 CEP250 UNC119B BBS9 BBS/CCT complexHAUS2 C2CD3 CEP70 RAB3IP:RAB11A:GTP:Golgi-derived vesiclePCM1 DYNC1I2 IFT140CEP162 BBS9RAB8A:GTPAZI1 CEP41 IQCB1 CLUAP YWHAG CKAP5 CEP83RAB11A RAB11FIP3 dimerIFT46CEP63 C2CD3 IFT74 TUBB NDE1 FGFR1OP CSNK1E BBS7 TTC8 KIF24 MAPRE1 CETN2 PRKAR2B BBIP1 NPHP1 IFT AFGFR1OP IFT20CEP135 DYNC1H1 ARF4 SFI1 TRAF3IP1 HSP90AA1 RAB11A ACTR1A IFT81 MAPRE1 PCNT NDE1 CNTRL DYNC1I2 GBF1TUBB4A IFT20:TRIP11YWHAG BBS2 IFT B*ACTR1A CENPJ PLK4 B9D1 CEP83 OFD1 CCP110 DYNC2H1 TRIP11 TUBA1A PCNT C2CD3 CKAP5 PPP2R1A ASAP1 CEP135 IFT80 PLK1 RP2:ARL3:GDP:UNC119BSDCCAG8 CEP41 IFT81 retrograde IFTtrainsODF2 DYNC1H1 IFT81 CCT4 PPP2R1A BBS4 RAB8A HSPB11 ODF2 CEP72 IQCB1 RAB11FIP3 TUBG1 UNC119B SEPT2NINL CDK5RAP2 RAB8A DCTN2 ACTR1A BBS5 INPP5E YWHAE BBSome ciliary cargoCEP76 ARL3 YWHAG ACTR1A ARL6:GTP:BBSome:ciliary cargoTUBA4A ASAP1 dimerDYNC2H1 TUBA4A TUBB4A PPP2R1A NEK2 SCLT1 BBSomeDYNLL1 WDR34 TNPO1 WDR35 NPHP1 GDPIQCB1 TUBA4A CEP290 IFT80TTC21B RPGRIP1L IFT140 TCTN1 CSNK1D CEP76 CLUAP GTP BBS1DYNC1H1 CEP250 SDCCAG8 CEP290 AKAP9 EXOC6 MyrG2-NPHP3 IFT140 GTPHAUS2 CEP164 TUBB CEP63 active dynein-2motorsIFT74 CKAP5 CEP162 CEP97CSNK1E PCNT ARF4 RAB3IP BBS4 TUBB WDR34 NDE1 IFT88 YWHAE IFT88 RAB11A CSNK1D IFT172 CEP57 YWHAE PRKAR2B IFT81 IFT57 GTP NINL IFT52 PDE6DODF2 TTC21BDYNC1I2 PAFAH1B1 dynein-2NEDD1 RABL5 DCTN1-2 BBIP1 RABL5 NPHP4 BBS4 CEP192 UNC119B:myristoylated ciliary cargoIFT81ARL3:GDPVxPx-containingciliary membraneproteinsARL3:GTPSSNA1 IQCB1 CEP97 IFT172 BBS4 B9D1 CEP57 ALMS1 BBIP1 LZTFL1 oligomerHSP90AA1 DCTN3 EXOC1 CEP41 DCTN2 EXOC5 RP2 NEDD1 MARK4 TUBA1A IFT122 KIF24 ATATWDR34 CEP290 PRKAR2B TUBA4A MAPRE1 CENPJ RAB11FIP3 MyrG2-CYS1 CEP192 DYNC2LI1 CEP72 SSNA1 NEK2 BBS5RAB8A IQCB1 CEP250 EXOC4 IFT80 MARK4 CEP72 TTC8DCTN3 SFI1 FBF1 CDK1 CDK5RAP2 GTP CEP63 MARK4 GTP PPP2R1A RAB8A GTP CEP164 FBF1 RPGRIP1L SDCCAG8 BBS5 DYNLL1 CNTRL CEP152 GTP TTC26 TUBA4A BBS9 NEDD1 ACTR1A RAB8A:GTP:RAB3IP:RAB11A:GTP:RAB11FIP3 dimer:ASAP1 dimer:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteinsDYNC1H1 UNC119B IFT ACEP76 IFT81 CEP89 CEP63 AZI1 HSPB11 NEDD1 CEP89 IFT27 OFD1 PCNT KIF17 dimerWDR60 BBS4 IFT27 DYNLL1 exocystcomplex:RAB8A:GTP:RAB3IP:RAB11:GTP:RAB11FIP3 dimer:ASAP1 dimer:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteinsASAP1 NEDD1 CEP70 GTP PLK4 DCTN3 TCP1 PLK4 CEP164 DYNC1H1 CEP250 TUBA1A BBS2 ALMS1 PLK1 RAB11A NINL IFT172NPHP4 IFT43CKAP5 CLUAP ODF2 CENPJ IFT88 IFT74 CLASP1 DCTN3 TUBB4B ARL6 CEP152 SFI1 CEP76 FGFR1OP CEP70 PDE6D DCTN1-2 centrosome:C2CD2:distal appendage proteins:TTBK2:MARK4CEP78 NINL WDR60 HSPB11 GTP CEP192 AZI1 dynein-2SDCCAG8 MyrG2-CYS1 BBS9 WDR19 CENPJ NEK2 IFT81 DYNC1H1 IFT80 RP2CEP76 CEP290 KIF24 NINL FBF1 PRKAR2B BBS2 TUBA1A RABL5 IFT122 IFT43 PRKACA basalbody:transitionzone proteinsCEP97 CNTRL CDK5RAP2 MKS1 IFT27 RAB3IPIFT20 IFT20 CEP76 NEK2 AZI1 WDR35 CEP97 ARF4 IFT52 IFT52 BBS7 ASAP1 TCTN3 BBS1 GTP TTC8 CCP110 IFT46 HSPB11 CEP135 NEK2 exocyst complexPLK4 CEP57 ARL3:GTP:UNC119BCLASP1 CEP70 IFT172 PRKACA GTP DYNC1I2 CSNK1E WDR19 BBS2 DCTN1-2 CSNK1E TTC26 CNTRL CEP89 CEP63 CEP162 IFT43 DCTN3 CETN2 91912091913813227, 106201391103974, 9, 61, 96264, 9, 61, 961031391


Description

The primary cilium is one of two main types of cilia present on the surface of many eukaryotic cells (reviewed in Flieghauf et al, 2007). Unlike the motile cilia, which are generally present in large numbers on epithelial cells and are responsible for sensory function as well as wave-like beating motions, the primary cilium is a non-motile sensory organelle with roles in signaling and development and is present in a single copy at the apical surface of most quiescent cells (reviewed in Hsiao et al, 2012). Cilium biogenesis involves the anchoring of the basal body, a centriole-derived organelle, near the plasma membrane and the subsequent polymerization of the microtubule-based axoneme and extension of the plasma membrane (reviewed in Ishikawa and Marshall, 2011; Reiter et al, 2012). Although the ciliary membrane is continuous with the plasma membrane, the protein and lipid content of the cilium and the ciliary membrane are distinct from those of the bulk cytoplasm and plasma membrane (reviewed in Emmer et al, 2010; Rohatgi and Snell, 2010). This specialized compartment is established and maintained during cilium biogenesis by the formation of a ciliary transition zone, a proteinaceous structure that, with the transition fibres, anchors the basal body to the plasma membrane and acts as a ciliary pore to limit free diffusion from the cytosol to the cilium (reviewed in Nachury et al, 2010; Reiter et al, 2012). Ciliary components are targeted from the secretory system to the ciliary base and subsequently transported to the ciliary tip, where extension of the axoneme occurs, by a motor-driven process called intraflagellar transport (IFT). Anterograde transport of cargo from the ciliary base to the tip of the cilium requires kinesin-2 type motors, while the dynein-2 motor is required for retrograde transport back to the ciliary base. In addition, both anterograde and retrograde transport depend on the IFT complex, a multiprotein assembly consisting of two subcomplexes, IFT A and IFT B. The primary cilium is a dynamic structure that undergoes continuous steady-state turnover of tubulin at the tip; as a consequence, the IFT machinery is required for cilium maintenance as well as biogenesis (reviewed in Bhogaraju et al, 2013; Hsiao et al, 2012; Li et al, 2012; Taschner et al, 2012; Sung and Leroux, 2013). The importance of the primary cilium in signaling and cell biology is highlighted by the wide range of defects and disorders, collectively known as ciliopathies, that arise as the result of mutations in genes encoding components of the ciliary machinery (reviewed in Goetz and Anderson, 2010; Madhivanan and Aguilar, 2014). Source:Reactome.

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  47. Iomini C, Babaev-Khaimov V, Sassaroli M, Piperno G.; ''Protein particles in Chlamydomonas flagella undergo a transport cycle consisting of four phases.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  48. Insinna C, Humby M, Sedmak T, Wolfrum U, Besharse JC.; ''Different roles for KIF17 and kinesin II in photoreceptor development and maintenance.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  49. Chiang AP, Nishimura D, Searby C, Elbedour K, Carmi R, Ferguson AL, Secrist J, Braun T, Casavant T, Stone EM, Sheffield VC.; ''Comparative genomic analysis identifies an ADP-ribosylation factor-like gene as the cause of Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS3).''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  50. Pazour GJ, Wilkerson CG, Witman GB.; ''A dynein light chain is essential for the retrograde particle movement of intraflagellar transport (IFT).''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  51. Piperno G, Siuda E, Henderson S, Segil M, Vaananen H, Sassaroli M.; ''Distinct mutants of retrograde intraflagellar transport (IFT) share similar morphological and molecular defects.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  52. Humbert MC, Weihbrecht K, Searby CC, Li Y, Pope RM, Sheffield VC, Seo S.; ''ARL13B, PDE6D, and CEP164 form a functional network for INPP5E ciliary targeting.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  53. Ou G, Blacque OE, Snow JJ, Leroux MR, Scholey JM.; ''Functional coordination of intraflagellar transport motors.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  54. Bhogaraju S, Cajanek L, Fort C, Blisnick T, Weber K, Taschner M, Mizuno N, Lamla S, Bastin P, Nigg EA, Lorentzen E.; ''Molecular basis of tubulin transport within the cilium by IFT74 and IFT81.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  55. Jenkins PM, Hurd TW, Zhang L, McEwen DP, Brown RL, Margolis B, Verhey KJ, Martens JR.; ''Ciliary targeting of olfactory CNG channels requires the CNGB1b subunit and the kinesin-2 motor protein, KIF17.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  56. Kozminski KG, Beech PL, Rosenbaum JL.; ''The Chlamydomonas kinesin-like protein FLA10 is involved in motility associated with the flagellar membrane.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  57. Hu Q, Milenkovic L, Jin H, Scott MP, Nachury MV, Spiliotis ET, Nelson WJ.; ''A septin diffusion barrier at the base of the primary cilium maintains ciliary membrane protein distribution.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  58. Veltel S, Kravchenko A, Ismail S, Wittinghofer A.; ''Specificity of Arl2/Arl3 signaling is mediated by a ternary Arl3-effector-GAP complex.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  59. Zhang Q, Yu D, Seo S, Stone EM, Sheffield VC.; ''Intrinsic protein-protein interaction-mediated and chaperonin-assisted sequential assembly of stable bardet-biedl syndrome protein complex, the BBSome.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  60. Hsiao YC, Tuz K, Ferland RJ.; ''Trafficking in and to the primary cilium.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  61. Seo S, Zhang Q, Bugge K, Breslow DK, Searby CC, Nachury MV, Sheffield VC.; ''A novel protein LZTFL1 regulates ciliary trafficking of the BBSome and Smoothened.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  62. Ahmed NT, Gao C, Lucker BF, Cole DG, Mitchell DR.; ''ODA16 aids axonemal outer row dynein assembly through an interaction with the intraflagellar transport machinery.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  63. Geng L, Okuhara D, Yu Z, Tian X, Cai Y, Shibazaki S, Somlo S.; ''Polycystin-2 traffics to cilia independently of polycystin-1 by using an N-terminal RVxP motif.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  64. Halbritter J, Bizet AA, Schmidts M, Porath JD, Braun DA, Gee HY, McInerney-Leo AM, Krug P, Filhol E, Davis EE, Airik R, Czarnecki PG, Lehman AM, Trnka P, Nitschké P, Bole-Feysot C, Schueler M, Knebelmann B, Burtey S, Szabó AJ, Tory K, Leo PJ, Gardiner B, McKenzie FA, Zankl A, Brown MA, Hartley JL, Maher ER, Li C, Leroux MR, Scambler PJ, Zhan SH, Jones SJ, Kayserili H, Tuysuz B, Moorani KN, Constantinescu A, Krantz ID, Kaplan BS, Shah JV, UK10K Consortium, Hurd TW, Doherty D, Katsanis N, Duncan EL, Otto EA, Beales PL, Mitchison HM, Saunier S, Hildebrandt F.; ''Defects in the IFT-B component IFT172 cause Jeune and Mainzer-Saldino syndromes in humans.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  65. Knödler A, Feng S, Zhang J, Zhang X, Das A, Peränen J, Guo W.; ''Coordination of Rab8 and Rab11 in primary ciliogenesis.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  66. Wei Q, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhang Q, Hu Z, Harris PC, Torres VE, Ling K, Hu J.; ''Transition fibre protein FBF1 is required for the ciliary entry of assembled intraflagellar transport complexes.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  67. Hattula K, Furuhjelm J, Arffman A, Peränen J.; ''A Rab8-specific GDP/GTP exchange factor is involved in actin remodeling and polarized membrane transport.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  68. Schmidt KN, Kuhns S, Neuner A, Hub B, Zentgraf H, Pereira G.; ''Cep164 mediates vesicular docking to the mother centriole during early steps of ciliogenesis.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  69. Wei Q, Zhou W, Wang W, Gao B, Wang L, Cao J, Liu ZP.; ''Tumor-suppressive functions of leucine zipper transcription factor-like 1.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  70. Ishikawa H, Marshall WF.; ''Ciliogenesis: building the cell's antenna.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  71. Ou G, Koga M, Blacque OE, Murayama T, Ohshima Y, Schafer JC, Li C, Yoder BK, Leroux MR, Scholey JM.; ''Sensory ciliogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans: assignment of IFT components into distinct modules based on transport and phenotypic profiles.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  72. Mukhopadhyay S, Wen X, Chih B, Nelson CD, Lane WS, Scales SJ, Jackson PK.; ''TULP3 bridges the IFT-A complex and membrane phosphoinositides to promote trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors into primary cilia.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  73. Yoshimura S, Egerer J, Fuchs E, Haas AK, Barr FA.; ''Functional dissection of Rab GTPases involved in primary cilium formation.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  74. Madhivanan K, Aguilar RC.; ''Ciliopathies: the trafficking connection.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  75. Westlake CJ, Baye LM, Nachury MV, Wright KJ, Ervin KE, Phu L, Chalouni C, Beck JS, Kirkpatrick DS, Slusarski DC, Sheffield VC, Scheller RH, Jackson PK.; ''Primary cilia membrane assembly is initiated by Rab11 and transport protein particle II (TRAPPII) complex-dependent trafficking of Rabin8 to the centrosome.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  76. Burke MC, Li FQ, Cyge B, Arashiro T, Brechbuhl HM, Chen X, Siller SS, Weiss MA, O'Connell CB, Love D, Westlake CJ, Reynolds SD, Kuriyama R, Takemaru K.; ''Chibby promotes ciliary vesicle formation and basal body docking during airway cell differentiation.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  77. Fliegauf M, Benzing T, Omran H.; ''When cilia go bad: cilia defects and ciliopathies.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  78. Li FQ, Mofunanya A, Fischer V, Hall J, Takemaru K.; ''Nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of Chibby controls beta-catenin signaling.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  79. Wu S, Mehta SQ, Pichaud F, Bellen HJ, Quiocho FA.; ''Sec15 interacts with Rab11 via a novel domain and affects Rab11 localization in vivo.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  80. Jin H, White SR, Shida T, Schulz S, Aguiar M, Gygi SP, Bazan JF, Nachury MV.; ''The conserved Bardet-Biedl syndrome proteins assemble a coat that traffics membrane proteins to cilia.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  81. Li Y, Ling K, Hu J.; ''The emerging role of Arf/Arl small GTPases in cilia and ciliopathies.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  82. Kuhns S, Schmidt KN, Reymann J, Gilbert DF, Neuner A, Hub B, Carvalho R, Wiedemann P, Zentgraf H, Erfle H, Klingmüller U, Boutros M, Pereira G.; ''The microtubule affinity regulating kinase MARK4 promotes axoneme extension during early ciliogenesis.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  83. Devos D, Dokudovskaya S, Alber F, Williams R, Chait BT, Sali A, Rout MP.; ''Components of coated vesicles and nuclear pore complexes share a common molecular architecture.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  84. Hoover AN, Wynkoop A, Zeng H, Jia J, Niswander LA, Liu A.; ''C2cd3 is required for cilia formation and Hedgehog signaling in mouse.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  85. Winey M, O'Toole E.; ''Centriole structure.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
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  87. Schonteich E, Pilli M, Simon GC, Matern HT, Junutula JR, Sentz D, Holmes RK, Prekeris R.; ''Molecular characterization of Rab11-FIP3 binding to ARF GTPases.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  88. Verhey KJ, Dishinger J, Kee HL.; ''Kinesin motors and primary cilia.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
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  90. Zhou C, Cunningham L, Marcus AI, Li Y, Kahn RA.; ''Arl2 and Arl3 regulate different microtubule-dependent processes.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  91. Tsang WY, Dynlacht BD.; ''CP110 and its network of partners coordinately regulate cilia assembly.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  92. Jacoby M, Cox JJ, Gayral S, Hampshire DJ, Ayub M, Blockmans M, Pernot E, Kisseleva MV, Compère P, Schiffmann SN, Gergely F, Riley JH, Pérez-Morga D, Woods CG, Schurmans S.; ''INPP5E mutations cause primary cilium signaling defects, ciliary instability and ciliopathies in human and mouse.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  93. Sacher M, Kim YG, Lavie A, Oh BH, Segev N.; ''The TRAPP complex: insights into its architecture and function.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
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  95. Johnson KA.; ''The axonemal microtubules of the Chlamydomonas flagellum differ in tubulin isoform content.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  96. Zhang Y, Kwon S, Yamaguchi T, Cubizolles F, Rousseaux S, Kneissel M, Cao C, Li N, Cheng HL, Chua K, Lombard D, Mizeracki A, Matthias G, Alt FW, Khochbin S, Matthias P.; ''Mice lacking histone deacetylase 6 have hyperacetylated tubulin but are viable and develop normally.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  97. Nie Z, Hirsch DS, Luo R, Jian X, Stauffer S, Cremesti A, Andrade J, Lebowitz J, Marino M, Ahvazi B, Hinshaw JE, Randazzo PA.; ''A BAR domain in the N terminus of the Arf GAP ASAP1 affects membrane structure and trafficking of epidermal growth factor receptor.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  98. Emmer BT, Maric D, Engman DM.; ''Molecular mechanisms of protein and lipid targeting to ciliary membranes.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  99. Sillibourne JE, Hurbain I, Grand-Perret T, Goud B, Tran P, Bornens M.; ''Primary ciliogenesis requires the distal appendage component Cep123.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
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  110. Scholey JM.; ''Intraflagellar transport motors in cilia: moving along the cell's antenna.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
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  116. Kim S, Dynlacht BD.; ''Assembling a primary cilium.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  117. Montagnac G, Meas-Yedid V, Irondelle M, Castro-Castro A, Franco M, Shida T, Nachury MV, Benmerah A, Olivo-Marin JC, Chavrier P.; ''αTAT1 catalyses microtubule acetylation at clathrin-coated pits.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
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  119. Ye X, Zeng H, Ning G, Reiter JF, Liu A.; ''C2cd3 is critical for centriolar distal appendage assembly and ciliary vesicle docking in mammals.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  120. Zerial M, McBride H.; ''Rab proteins as membrane organizers.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  121. Goetz SC, Anderson KV.; ''The primary cilium: a signalling centre during vertebrate development.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  122. Shida T, Cueva JG, Xu Z, Goodman MB, Nachury MV.; ''The major alpha-tubulin K40 acetyltransferase alphaTAT1 promotes rapid ciliogenesis and efficient mechanosensation.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  123. Nachury MV, Loktev AV, Zhang Q, Westlake CJ, Peränen J, Merdes A, Slusarski DC, Scheller RH, Bazan JF, Sheffield VC, Jackson PK.; ''A core complex of BBS proteins cooperates with the GTPase Rab8 to promote ciliary membrane biogenesis.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  124. Veltel S, Gasper R, Eisenacher E, Wittinghofer A.; ''The retinitis pigmentosa 2 gene product is a GTPase-activating protein for Arf-like 3.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  125. Li C, Inglis PN, Leitch CC, Efimenko E, Zaghloul NA, Mok CA, Davis EE, Bialas NJ, Healey MP, Héon E, Zhen M, Swoboda P, Katsanis N, Leroux MR.; ''An essential role for DYF-11/MIP-T3 in assembling functional intraflagellar transport complexes.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  126. Heider MR, Munson M.; ''Exorcising the exocyst complex.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  127. Schwarz N, Hardcastle AJ, Cheetham ME.; ''Arl3 and RP2 mediated assembly and traffic of membrane associated cilia proteins.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  128. Wang J, Morita Y, Mazelova J, Deretic D.; ''The Arf GAP ASAP1 provides a platform to regulate Arf4- and Rab11-Rab8-mediated ciliary receptor targeting.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  129. Buisson J, Chenouard N, Lagache T, Blisnick T, Olivo-Marin JC, Bastin P.; ''Intraflagellar transport proteins cycle between the flagellum and its base.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  130. Li Y, Wei Q, Zhang Y, Ling K, Hu J.; ''The small GTPases ARL-13 and ARL-3 coordinate intraflagellar transport and ciliogenesis.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  131. Hubbert C, Guardiola A, Shao R, Kawaguchi Y, Ito A, Nixon A, Yoshida M, Wang XF, Yao TP.; ''HDAC6 is a microtubule-associated deacetylase.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
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  134. Tobin JL, Beales PL.; ''The nonmotile ciliopathies.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  135. Porter ME, Bower R, Knott JA, Byrd P, Dentler W.; ''Cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain 1b is required for flagellar assembly in Chlamydomonas.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
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  137. Lucker BF, Miller MS, Dziedzic SA, Blackmarr PT, Cole DG.; ''Direct interactions of intraflagellar transport complex B proteins IFT88, IFT52, and IFT46.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  138. Masuda M, Mochizuki N.; ''Structural characteristics of BAR domain superfamily to sculpt the membrane.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  139. Tao B, Bu S, Yang Z, Siroky B, Kappes JC, Kispert A, Guay-Woodford LM.; ''Cystin localizes to primary cilia via membrane microdomains and a targeting motif.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  140. Wei Q, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhang Q, Ling K, Hu J.; ''The BBSome controls IFT assembly and turnaround in cilia.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  141. Fan Y, Esmail MA, Ansley SJ, Blacque OE, Boroevich K, Ross AJ, Moore SJ, Badano JL, May-Simera H, Compton DS, Green JS, Lewis RA, van Haelst MM, Parfrey PS, Baillie DL, Beales PL, Katsanis N, Davidson WS, Leroux MR.; ''Mutations in a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins causes Bardet-Biedl syndrome.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  142. Zuo X, Guo W, Lipschutz JH.; ''The exocyst protein Sec10 is necessary for primary ciliogenesis and cystogenesis in vitro.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
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  144. Čajánek L, Nigg EA.; ''Cep164 triggers ciliogenesis by recruiting Tau tubulin kinase 2 to the mother centriole.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  145. Liew GM, Ye F, Nager AR, Murphy JP, Lee JS, Aguiar M, Breslow DK, Gygi SP, Nachury MV.; ''The intraflagellar transport protein IFT27 promotes BBSome exit from cilia through the GTPase ARL6/BBS3.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  146. Joo K, Kim CG, Lee MS, Moon HY, Lee SH, Kim MJ, Kweon HS, Park WY, Kim CH, Gleeson JG, Kim J.; ''CCDC41 is required for ciliary vesicle docking to the mother centriole.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  147. Jékely G, Arendt D.; ''Evolution of intraflagellar transport from coated vesicles and autogenous origin of the eukaryotic cilium.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  148. Dishinger JF, Kee HL, Jenkins PM, Fan S, Hurd TW, Hammond JW, Truong YN, Margolis B, Martens JR, Verhey KJ.; ''Ciliary entry of the kinesin-2 motor KIF17 is regulated by importin-beta2 and RanGTP.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  149. Bhogaraju S, Weber K, Engel BD, Lechtreck KF, Lorentzen E.; ''Getting tubulin to the tip of the cilium: one IFT train, many different tubulin cargo-binding sites?''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  150. Kühnel K, Veltel S, Schlichting I, Wittinghofer A.; ''Crystal structure of the human retinitis pigmentosa 2 protein and its interaction with Arl3.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  151. Sang L, Miller JJ, Corbit KC, Giles RH, Brauer MJ, Otto EA, Baye LM, Wen X, Scales SJ, Kwong M, Huntzicker EG, Sfakianos MK, Sandoval W, Bazan JF, Kulkarni P, Garcia-Gonzalo FR, Seol AD, O'Toole JF, Held S, Reutter HM, Lane WS, Rafiq MA, Noor A, Ansar M, Devi AR, Sheffield VC, Slusarski DC, Vincent JB, Doherty DA, Hildebrandt F, Reiter JF, Jackson PK.; ''Mapping the NPHP-JBTS-MKS protein network reveals ciliopathy disease genes and pathways.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  152. Seo S, Baye LM, Schulz NP, Beck JS, Zhang Q, Slusarski DC, Sheffield VC.; ''BBS6, BBS10, and BBS12 form a complex with CCT/TRiC family chaperonins and mediate BBSome assembly.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  153. Follit JA, Tuft RA, Fogarty KE, Pazour GJ.; ''The intraflagellar transport protein IFT20 is associated with the Golgi complex and is required for cilia assembly.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  154. Nachury MV, Seeley ES, Jin H.; ''Trafficking to the ciliary membrane: how to get across the periciliary diffusion barrier?''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  155. Jian X, Brown P, Schuck P, Gruschus JM, Balbo A, Hinshaw JE, Randazzo PA.; ''Autoinhibition of Arf GTPase-activating protein activity by the BAR domain in ASAP1.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
86366view09:16, 11 July 2016ReactomeTeamreactome version 56
83327view10:47, 18 November 2015ReactomeTeamVersion54
82435view13:12, 29 September 2015ReactomeTeamNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
ACTR1A ProteinP61163 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AKAP9 ProteinQ99996 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ALMS1 ProteinQ8TCU4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ARF4 ProteinP18085 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ARF4:GDPComplexR-HSA-5623424 (Reactome)
ARF4:GTP:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteinsComplexR-HSA-5620917 (Reactome)
ARF4:GTPComplexR-HSA-5623423 (Reactome)
ARL13B ProteinQ3SXY8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ARL13B:INPP5E:PDE6DComplexR-HSA-5637977 (Reactome)
ARL13B:INPP5EComplexR-HSA-5624905 (Reactome)
ARL13BProteinQ3SXY8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ARL3 ProteinP36405 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ARL3:GDPComplexR-HSA-5624072 (Reactome)
ARL3:GTP:UNC119B:myristoylated ciliary cargoComplexR-HSA-5624104 (Reactome)
ARL3:GTP:UNC119BComplexR-HSA-5624076 (Reactome)
ARL3:GTPComplexR-HSA-5624073 (Reactome)
ARL6 ProteinQ9H0F7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ARL6:GTP:BBSome:ciliary cargoComplexR-HSA-5624112 (Reactome)
ARL6:GTP:BBSome:ciliary cargoComplexR-HSA-5624114 (Reactome)
ARL6:GTPComplexR-HSA-5624106 (Reactome)
ASAP1

dimer:

ARF4:GTP:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteins		ComplexR-HSA-5623429 (Reactome)
ASAP1 ProteinQ9ULH1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ASAP1 dimerComplexR-HSA-5623427 (Reactome)
ATATProteinQ5SQI0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AZI1 ProteinQ9UPN4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Ac-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:15351 (ChEBI)
B9D1 ProteinQ9UPM9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
B9D2 ProteinQ9BPU9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
BBIP1 ProteinA8MTZ0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
BBIP1ProteinA8MTZ0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
BBS/CCT complexComplexR-HSA-5624117 (Reactome)
BBS1 ProteinQ8NFJ9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
BBS10 ProteinQ8TAM1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
BBS12 ProteinQ6ZW61 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
BBS1ProteinQ8NFJ9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
BBS2 ProteinQ9BXC9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
BBS2ProteinQ9BXC9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
BBS4 ProteinQ96RK4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
BBS4ProteinQ96RK4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
BBS5 ProteinQ8N3I7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
BBS5ProteinQ8N3I7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
BBS7 ProteinQ8IWZ6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
BBS7ProteinQ8IWZ6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
BBS9 ProteinQ3SYG4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
BBS9ProteinQ3SYG4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
BBSome ciliary cargoR-HSA-5624113 (Reactome)
BBSomeComplexR-HSA-5617794 (Reactome)
C2CD3 ProteinQ4AC94 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
C2CD3ProteinQ4AC94 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CC2D2A ProteinQ9P2K1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CCP110 ProteinO43303 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CCP110ProteinO43303 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CCT2 ProteinP78371 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CCT3 ProteinP49368 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CCT4 ProteinP50991 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CCT5 ProteinP48643 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CCT8 ProteinP50990 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CDK1 ProteinP06493 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CDK5RAP2 ProteinQ96SN8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CENPJ ProteinQ9HC77 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CEP135 ProteinQ66GS9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CEP152 ProteinO94986 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CEP162 ProteinQ5TB80 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CEP164 ProteinQ9UPV0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CEP164ProteinQ9UPV0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CEP192 ProteinQ8TEP8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CEP250 ProteinQ9BV73 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CEP290 ProteinO15078 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CEP41 ProteinQ9BYV8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CEP57 ProteinQ86XR8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CEP63 ProteinQ96MT8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CEP70 ProteinQ8NHQ1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CEP72 ProteinQ9P209 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CEP76 ProteinQ8TAP6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CEP78 ProteinQ5JTW2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CEP83 ProteinQ9Y592 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CEP83ProteinQ9Y592 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CEP89 ProteinQ96ST8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CEP89ProteinQ96ST8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CEP97 ProteinQ8IW35 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CEP97ProteinQ8IW35 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CETN2 ProteinP41208 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CKAP5 ProteinQ14008 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CLASP1 ProteinQ7Z460 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CLUAP ProteinQ96AJ1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CLUAPProteinQ96AJ1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CNTRL ProteinQ7Z7A1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CSNK1D ProteinP48730 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CSNK1E ProteinP49674 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Centrosome:C2CD3:distal appendage proteins:TTBK2ComplexR-HSA-5626178 (Reactome)
Centrosome:C2CD3:distal appendage proteinsComplexR-HSA-5626176 (Reactome)
CoA-SHMetaboliteCHEBI:15346 (ChEBI)
DCTN1-2 ProteinQ14203-2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DCTN2 ProteinQ13561 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DCTN3 ProteinO75935 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DYNC1H1 ProteinQ14204 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DYNC1I2 ProteinQ13409 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DYNC2H1 ProteinQ8NCM8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DYNC2LI1 ProteinQ8TCX1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DYNLL1 ProteinP63167 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOC1 ProteinQ9NV70 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOC2 ProteinQ96KP1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOC3 ProteinO60645 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOC4 ProteinQ96A65 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOC5 ProteinO00471 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOC6 ProteinQ8TAG9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOC7 ProteinQ9UPT5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
EXOC8 ProteinQ8IYI6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FBF1 ProteinQ8TES7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FBF1ProteinQ8TES7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FGFR1OP ProteinO95684 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GBF1ProteinQ92538 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GDP MetaboliteCHEBI:17552 (ChEBI)
GDPMetaboliteCHEBI:17552 (ChEBI)
GTP MetaboliteCHEBI:15996 (ChEBI)
GTPMetaboliteCHEBI:15996 (ChEBI)
H2OMetaboliteCHEBI:15377 (ChEBI)
HAUS2 ProteinQ9NVX0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HDAC6ProteinQ9UBN7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HSP90AA1 ProteinP07900 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HSPB11 ProteinQ9Y547 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HSPB11ProteinQ9Y547 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT AComplexR-HSA-5617795 (Reactome)
IFT AComplexR-HSA-5625350 (Reactome)
IFT B*ComplexR-HSA-5617798 (Reactome)
IFT BComplexR-HSA-5617799 (Reactome)
IFT BComplexR-HSA-5625418 (Reactome)
IFT122 ProteinQ9HBG6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT122ProteinQ9HBG6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT140 ProteinQ96RY7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT140ProteinQ96RY7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT172 ProteinQ9UG01 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT172ProteinQ9UG01 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT20 ProteinQ8IY31 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT20:TRIP11ComplexR-HSA-5617801 (Reactome)
IFT20ProteinQ8IY31 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT27 ProteinQ9BW83 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT27ProteinQ9BW83 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT43 ProteinQ96FT9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT43ProteinQ96FT9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT46 ProteinQ9NQC8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT46ProteinQ9NQC8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT52 ProteinQ9Y366 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT52ProteinQ9Y366 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT57 ProteinQ9NWB7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT57ProteinQ9NWB7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT74 ProteinQ96LB3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT74ProteinQ96LB3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT80 ProteinQ9P2H3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT80ProteinQ9P2H3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT81 ProteinQ8WYA0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT81ProteinQ8WYA0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT88 ProteinQ13099 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IFT88ProteinQ13099 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
INPP5E ProteinQ9NRR6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
INPP5EProteinQ9NRR6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IQCB1 ProteinQ15051 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
KIF17 ProteinQ9P2E2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
KIF17 dimer:TNPO1ComplexR-HSA-5624928 (Reactome)
KIF17 dimer:TNPO1ComplexR-HSA-5624930 (Reactome)
KIF17 dimerComplexR-HSA-5624926 (Reactome)
KIF24 ProteinQ5T7B8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Kinesin-2 motorsR-HSA-5624910 (Reactome)
Kinesin-2 motorsR-HSA-5625387 (Reactome)
LZTFL1 oligomer:BBSomeComplexR-HSA-5624121 (Reactome)
LZTFL1 ProteinQ9NQ48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LZTFL1 oligomerComplexR-HSA-5624119 (Reactome)
MAPRE1 ProteinQ15691 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MARK4 ProteinQ96L34 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MARK4ProteinQ96L34 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MKKS ProteinQ9NPJ1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MKS1 ProteinQ9NXB0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MyrG2-CYS1 ProteinQ717R9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MyrG2-NPHP3 ProteinQ7Z494 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NDE1 ProteinQ9NXR1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NEDD1 ProteinQ8NHV4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NEK2 ProteinP51955 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NINL ProteinQ9Y2I6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NPHP complexComplexR-HSA-5626668 (Reactome)
NPHP1 ProteinO15259 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NPHP4 ProteinO75161 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ODF2 ProteinQ5BJF6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
OFD1 ProteinO75665 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PAFAH1B1 ProteinP43034 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PCM1 ProteinQ15154 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PCNT ProteinO95613 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PDE6D ProteinO43924 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PDE6D:INPP5EComplexR-HSA-5624934 (Reactome)
PDE6D:INPP5EComplexR-HSA-5624936 (Reactome)
PDE6DProteinO43924 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PLK1 ProteinP53350 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PLK4 ProteinO00444 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PPP2R1A ProteinP30153 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKACA ProteinP17612 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PRKAR2B ProteinP31323 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PiMetaboliteCHEBI:18367 (ChEBI)
RAB11A ProteinP62491 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RAB11A:GTP:Golgi derived vesicleComplexR-HSA-5637979 (Reactome)
RAB11A:GTP:RAB11FIP3

dimer:ASAP1

dimer:ARF4:GTP:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteins		ComplexR-HSA-5623434 (Reactome)
RAB11A:GTP:RAB11FIP3

dimer:ASAP1

dimer:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteins		ComplexR-HSA-5623437 (Reactome)
RAB11A:GTPComplexR-HSA-5623431 (Reactome)
RAB11FIP3 ProteinO75154 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RAB11FIP3 dimerComplexR-HSA-5623435 (Reactome)
RAB3IP ProteinQ96QF0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RAB3IP:BBSomeComplexR-HSA-5617806 (Reactome)
RAB3IP:RAB11A:GTP:Golgi-derived vesicleComplexR-HSA-5637982 (Reactome)
RAB3IP:RAB8A:GDPComplexR-HSA-5623440 (Reactome)
RAB3IPProteinQ96QF0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RAB8A ProteinP61006 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RAB8A:GDP:RAB3IP:RAB11A:GTP:FIP3 dimer:ASAP1 dimer:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteinsComplexR-HSA-5623444 (Reactome)
RAB8A:GDPComplexR-HSA-5623441 (Reactome)
RAB8A:GTP:RAB3IP:RAB11A:GTP:RAB11FIP3 dimer:ASAP1 dimer:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteinsComplexR-HSA-5623447 (Reactome)
RAB8A:GTP:RAB3IP:RAB11A:GTP:RAB11FIP3 dimer:ASAP1 dimer:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteinsComplexR-HSA-5623450 (Reactome)
RAB8A:GTPComplexR-HSA-5623445 (Reactome)
RABL5 ProteinQ9H7X7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RABL5ProteinQ9H7X7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RP2 ProteinO75695 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RP2:ARL3:GDP:UNC119BComplexR-HSA-5637984 (Reactome)
RP2:ARL3:GTP:UNC119B(active)ComplexR-HSA-5637988 (Reactome)
RP2:ARL3:GTP:UNC119BComplexR-HSA-5637985 (Reactome)
RP2ProteinO75695 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RPGRIP1L ProteinQ68CZ1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SCLT1 ProteinQ96NL6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SCLT1ProteinQ96NL6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SDCCAG8 ProteinQ86SQ7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SEPT2ProteinQ15019 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SFI1 ProteinA8K8P3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SSNA1 ProteinO43805 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TCP1 ProteinP17987 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TCTN1 ProteinQ2MV58 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TCTN2 ProteinQ96GX1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TCTN3 ProteinQ6NUS6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TMEM216 ProteinQ9P0N5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TMEM67 ProteinQ5HYA8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TNPO1 ProteinQ92973 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TNPO1ProteinQ92973 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TRAF3IP1 ProteinQ8TDR0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TRAF3IP1ProteinQ8TDR0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TRIP11 ProteinQ15643 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TRIP11ProteinQ15643 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TTBK2 ProteinQ6IQ55 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TTBK2ProteinQ6IQ55 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TTC21B ProteinQ7Z4L5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TTC21BProteinQ7Z4L5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TTC26 ProteinA0AVF1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TTC26ProteinA0AVF1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TTC30R-HSA-5637976 (Reactome)
TTC8 ProteinQ8TAM2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TTC8ProteinQ8TAM2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TUBA1A ProteinQ71U36 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TUBA4A ProteinP68366 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TUBB ProteinP07437 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TUBB4A ProteinP04350 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TUBB4B ProteinP68371 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TUBG1 ProteinP23258 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Tectonic-like complexComplexR-HSA-5626670 (Reactome)
UNC119B ProteinA6NIH7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UNC119B:myristoylated ciliary cargoComplexR-HSA-5624105 (Reactome)
UNC119B:myristoylated ciliary cargoComplexR-HSA-5624122 (Reactome)
UNC119BProteinA6NIH7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
VxPx-containing

ciliary membrane

proteins		R-HSA-5620919 (Reactome)
VxPx-containing

ciliary membrane

proteins		R-HSA-5623420 (Reactome)
WDR19 ProteinQ8NEZ3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
WDR19ProteinQ8NEZ3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
WDR34 ProteinQ96EX3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
WDR35 ProteinQ9P2L0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
WDR35ProteinQ9P2L0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
WDR60 ProteinQ8WVS4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
YWHAE ProteinP62258 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
YWHAG ProteinP61981 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
acetylated microtubuleR-HSA-5618327 (Reactome)
acetylated microtubuleR-HSA-5624939 (Reactome)
active dynein-2 motorsComplexR-HSA-5625410 (Reactome)
active kinesin-2 motorsComplexR-HSA-5624943 (Reactome)
anterograde IFT trainsComplexR-HSA-5624945 (Reactome)
anterograde IFT trainsComplexR-HSA-5625417 (Reactome)
basal

body:transition zone

proteins:RAB3IP:RAB11A:GTP:Golgi-derived vesicle		ComplexR-HSA-5637989 (Reactome)
basal

body:transition

zone proteins		ComplexR-HSA-5626673 (Reactome)
basal bodyComplexR-HSA-5626181 (Reactome)
centrosome:C2CD2:distal appendage proteins:TTBK2:MARK4ComplexR-HSA-5626678 (Reactome)
dynein-2ComplexR-HSA-5624940 (Reactome)
dynein-2ComplexR-HSA-5625411 (Reactome)
exocyst complex:RAB8A:GTP:RAB3IP:RAB11:GTP:RAB11FIP3 dimer:ASAP1 dimer:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteinsComplexR-HSA-5623455 (Reactome)
exocyst complexComplexR-HSA-5623453 (Reactome)
microtubuleR-HSA-190599 (Reactome)
mother centriole:C2CD3ComplexR-HSA-5626175 (Reactome)
mother centrioleComplexR-HSA-5626171 (Reactome)
myristoylated ciliary cargoR-HSA-5624099 (Reactome)
myristoylated ciliary proteinsR-HSA-5624102 (Reactome)
retrograde IFT trainsComplexR-HSA-5624947 (Reactome)
retrograde IFT trainsComplexR-HSA-5625425 (Reactome)

Annotated Interactions

View all...
SourceTargetTypeDatabase referenceComment
ARF4:GDPArrowR-HSA-5623513 (Reactome)
ARF4:GDPR-HSA-5623508 (Reactome)
ARF4:GTP:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteinsArrowR-HSA-5620914 (Reactome)
ARF4:GTP:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteinsR-HSA-5620918 (Reactome)
ARF4:GTPArrowR-HSA-5623508 (Reactome)
ARF4:GTPR-HSA-5620914 (Reactome)
ARL13B:INPP5E:PDE6DArrowR-HSA-5624953 (Reactome)
ARL13B:INPP5E:PDE6DR-HSA-5638012 (Reactome)
ARL13B:INPP5EArrowR-HSA-5638012 (Reactome)
ARL13BR-HSA-5624953 (Reactome)
ARL3:GDPArrowR-HSA-5638016 (Reactome)
ARL3:GTP:UNC119B:myristoylated ciliary cargoArrowR-HSA-5624133 (Reactome)
ARL3:GTP:UNC119B:myristoylated ciliary cargoR-HSA-5624130 (Reactome)
ARL3:GTP:UNC119BArrowR-HSA-5624130 (Reactome)
ARL3:GTP:UNC119BR-HSA-5638004 (Reactome)
ARL3:GTPR-HSA-5624133 (Reactome)
ARL6:GTP:BBSome:ciliary cargoArrowR-HSA-5624126 (Reactome)
ARL6:GTP:BBSome:ciliary cargoArrowR-HSA-5624127 (Reactome)
ARL6:GTP:BBSome:ciliary cargoR-HSA-5624127 (Reactome)
ARL6:GTPR-HSA-5624126 (Reactome)
ASAP1

dimer:

ARF4:GTP:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteins		ArrowR-HSA-5620918 (Reactome)
ASAP1

dimer:

ARF4:GTP:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteins		R-HSA-5620921 (Reactome)
ASAP1 dimerR-HSA-5620918 (Reactome)
ATATmim-catalysisR-HSA-5618328 (Reactome)
Ac-CoAArrowR-HSA-5618331 (Reactome)
Ac-CoAR-HSA-5618328 (Reactome)
BBIP1R-HSA-5624125 (Reactome)
BBS/CCT complexArrowR-HSA-5624125 (Reactome)
BBS1R-HSA-5624125 (Reactome)
BBS2R-HSA-5624125 (Reactome)
BBS4R-HSA-5624125 (Reactome)
BBS5R-HSA-5624125 (Reactome)
BBS7R-HSA-5624125 (Reactome)
BBS9R-HSA-5624125 (Reactome)
BBSome ciliary cargoR-HSA-5624126 (Reactome)
BBSomeArrowR-HSA-5624125 (Reactome)
BBSomeR-HSA-5617815 (Reactome)
BBSomeR-HSA-5624126 (Reactome)
BBSomeR-HSA-5624129 (Reactome)
C2CD3R-HSA-5626220 (Reactome)
CCP110ArrowR-HSA-5626227 (Reactome)
CEP164R-HSA-5626223 (Reactome)
CEP83R-HSA-5626223 (Reactome)
CEP89R-HSA-5626223 (Reactome)
CEP97ArrowR-HSA-5626227 (Reactome)
CLUAPR-HSA-5617820 (Reactome)
Centrosome:C2CD3:distal appendage proteins:TTBK2ArrowR-HSA-5626228 (Reactome)
Centrosome:C2CD3:distal appendage proteins:TTBK2R-HSA-5626699 (Reactome)
Centrosome:C2CD3:distal appendage proteinsArrowR-HSA-5626223 (Reactome)
Centrosome:C2CD3:distal appendage proteinsR-HSA-5626228 (Reactome)
CoA-SHArrowR-HSA-5618328 (Reactome)
CoA-SHR-HSA-5618331 (Reactome)
FBF1R-HSA-5626223 (Reactome)
GBF1mim-catalysisR-HSA-5623508 (Reactome)
GDPArrowR-HSA-5617816 (Reactome)
GDPArrowR-HSA-5623508 (Reactome)
GDPArrowR-HSA-5623521 (Reactome)
GTPR-HSA-5617816 (Reactome)
GTPR-HSA-5623508 (Reactome)
GTPR-HSA-5623521 (Reactome)
H2OR-HSA-5623513 (Reactome)
HDAC6mim-catalysisR-HSA-5618331 (Reactome)
HSPB11R-HSA-5617820 (Reactome)
IFT AArrowR-HSA-5617829 (Reactome)
IFT AArrowR-HSA-5625421 (Reactome)
IFT AArrowR-HSA-5625424 (Reactome)
IFT AR-HSA-5624949 (Reactome)
IFT AR-HSA-5624952 (Reactome)
IFT B*ArrowR-HSA-5617820 (Reactome)
IFT B*R-HSA-5617825 (Reactome)
IFT BArrowR-HSA-5617825 (Reactome)
IFT BArrowR-HSA-5625421 (Reactome)
IFT BArrowR-HSA-5625424 (Reactome)
IFT BR-HSA-5624949 (Reactome)
IFT BR-HSA-5624952 (Reactome)
IFT122R-HSA-5617829 (Reactome)
IFT140R-HSA-5617829 (Reactome)
IFT172R-HSA-5617820 (Reactome)
IFT20:TRIP11R-HSA-5617828 (Reactome)
IFT20ArrowR-HSA-5617828 (Reactome)
IFT20R-HSA-5617825 (Reactome)
IFT27R-HSA-5617820 (Reactome)
IFT43R-HSA-5617829 (Reactome)
IFT46R-HSA-5617820 (Reactome)
IFT52R-HSA-5617820 (Reactome)
IFT57R-HSA-5617820 (Reactome)
IFT74R-HSA-5617820 (Reactome)
IFT80R-HSA-5617820 (Reactome)
IFT81R-HSA-5617820 (Reactome)
IFT88R-HSA-5617820 (Reactome)
INPP5ER-HSA-5624956 (Reactome)
KIF17 dimer:TNPO1ArrowR-HSA-5624948 (Reactome)
KIF17 dimer:TNPO1ArrowR-HSA-5624951 (Reactome)
KIF17 dimer:TNPO1R-HSA-5624948 (Reactome)
KIF17 dimerR-HSA-5624951 (Reactome)
Kinesin-2 motorsArrowR-HSA-5625421 (Reactome)
Kinesin-2 motorsArrowR-HSA-5625424 (Reactome)
Kinesin-2 motorsR-HSA-5624952 (Reactome)
LZTFL1 oligomer:BBSomeArrowR-HSA-5624129 (Reactome)
LZTFL1 oligomer:BBSomeTBarR-HSA-5624127 (Reactome)
LZTFL1 oligomerR-HSA-5624129 (Reactome)
MARK4R-HSA-5626699 (Reactome)
NPHP complexR-HSA-5626681 (Reactome)
PDE6D:INPP5EArrowR-HSA-5624954 (Reactome)
PDE6D:INPP5EArrowR-HSA-5624956 (Reactome)
PDE6D:INPP5ER-HSA-5624953 (Reactome)
PDE6D:INPP5ER-HSA-5624954 (Reactome)
PDE6DArrowR-HSA-5638012 (Reactome)
PDE6DR-HSA-5624956 (Reactome)
PiArrowR-HSA-5623513 (Reactome)
R-HSA-5617815 (Reactome) The BBS1 component of the BBSome complex binds RAB3IP, a GEF for the small GTPase RAB8A. RAB3IP is required for RAB8A to localize to the cilium, and depletion of RAB3IP compromises cilia formation (Nachury et al, 2007; Loktev et al, 2008). GTP-bound RAB8A may promote ciliogenesis by promoting the traffic of post-Golgi vesicles to the base of the primary cilium (Nachury et al, 2007; reviewed in Zerial and McBride, 2001; Ishikawa et al, 2011; Hsiao et al, 2012; Sung and Leroux, 2013).
R-HSA-5617816 (Reactome) RAB3IP is a GEF for RAB8A, the only RAB GTPase localized in the cilium. GTP-bound RAB8A may play a role in recruiting vesicles from the Golgi to the ciliary base and is required for cilia formation (Nachury et al, 2007; Yoshimura et al, 2007; reviewed in Reiter et al, 2012).
R-HSA-5617820 (Reactome) Based on studies done in C. reinhardtii, C. elegans and mouse, the human IFT B complex likely consists of, minimally, IFT20, RABL5/IFT22, HSPB11/IFT25, IFT27, IFT46, IFT52, TRAF3IP1/IFT54, IFT74, IFT80, IFT81, IFT88, CLUAP/QILIN, IFT70/TTC30, and TTC26/IFT56, with IFT172 being an additional candidate (Follit et al, 2009; Piperno and Mead, 1997; Cole et al, 1998; Cole, 2003; Ou, 2007; Hallbritter et al, 2013; reviewed in Taschner et al, 2012). Work in C. reinhardtii and mouse suggests that IFT B consists of a salt stable core complex of IFT88, IFT81, IFT74, IFT70, IFT52, IFT46 IFT 27, IFT25 and IFT22 with peripheral, weakly associated subunits IFT 172, IFT80, IFT57, CLUAP, TTC26 and IFT20 (Lucker et al, 2005; Lucker et al, 2010; Follit et al, 2009; Bhogaraju et al, 2011). In Chlamydomonas, core components IFT81 and IFT74 have been shown to interact directly and a stable sub-complex of IFT81/74/27/25 has been demonstrated (Lucker et al, 2005; Taschner et al, 2011). Human IFT81 and IFT74 have likewise been shown to directly interact and to form a tubulin-binding complex (Bhogaraju et al, 2013). A recent study has elucidated more detail of the protein-protein interactions that direct the assembly of the IFTB complex (Taschner et al, 2014).
This reaction shows putative human IFT B proteins assembling in a single step; details of how and when this assembly occurs are not shown, nor are the specific protein-protein interactions within the complex or details of how IFT B is regulated. Moreover, this reaction shows the formation of a presumptive IFT B* complex, lacking IFT20, to allow the recruitment of IFT20 from the Golgi compartment to be depicted.
R-HSA-5617825 (Reactome) IFT20 is unique among IFT B components in that, in addition to being localized at the cilium and the centrosome, a pool of IFT20 exists at the Golgi in complex with the golgin protein TRIP11 (Follit et al, 2006; Follit et al, 2008; Follit et al, 2009). Independent of its interaction with TRIP11, IFT20 has been shown to interact with the IFT B complex member TRAF3IP1 at the cilium, and overexpression of TRAF3IP1 displaces IFT20 from the Golgi (Follit et al, 2009). Partial depletion of IFT20 disrupts the traffic of membrane proteins to the cilium (Follit et al, 2006; Follit et al, 2009). Taken together, these data suggest a model where TRAF3IP1 mediates recruitment of IFT20-carrying vesicles from the Golgi to the site of cilium assembly, thus completing assembly of the IFT B complex and delivering both lipid and protein cargo for cilium biogenesis (Follit et al, 2008; Follit et al, 2009; reviewed in Ishikawa et al, 2011).
R-HSA-5617828 (Reactome) IFT20 is a member of the IFT B anterograde complex that is required for cilia formation and that, uniquely among IFT proteins, is found at the Golgi in addition to the centrosome and the cilium. Fluorescently-labelled IFT20 shuttles between the Golgi complex and the cilium and the ciliary microtubules (Follit et al, 2006; Follit et al, 2009). Golgi-association of IFT20 depends on interaction with the peripheral membrane protein TRIP11 and this interaction occurs independently of the IFT B complex (Follit et al, 2008). Golgi-localization of IFT20 is abolished in cells lacking TRIP11, and cilia in these cells are short and have a depleted complement of polycystin-2, a ciliary-localized membrane protein (Follit et al, 2008). RNAi-depletion of IFT20 in mammalian cells similarly compromises the traffic of polycystin-2 to the cilium (Follit et al, 2006). These data suggest that IFT20 may have a role at the Golgi complex in sorting and transporting membrane proteins that are destined for the cilium (Follit et al, 2006; Follit et al, 2008; Follit et al, 2009). IFT54, another IFT B component that is localized at the cilia, interacts with IFT20 but not with TRIP11, and overexpression of IFT54 displaces IFT20 from the Golgi. This supports a model where, after dissociation of the TRIP11:IFT20 complex, IFT54 docks IFT20 at the primary cilium, possibly on the surface of Golgi-derived vesicles, thus completing assembly of the IFT B complex and delivering ciliary membrane and membrane proteins to the site of cilium assembly (Follit et al, 2009; Omori et al, 2008; Li et al, 2008).
R-HSA-5617829 (Reactome) The IFT A complex is believed to be composed of six components: WDR19/IFT144, IFT140, IFT122, TTC21B/IFT139, WDR35/IFT121 and IFT43 (Piperno et al, 1998; Cole and Snell, 2009; reviewed in Taschner et al, 2012). Each of these proteins was identified as a TULP3-interacting protein in human cells, supporting the notion established in other organisms that they are all components of the IFT A complex (Mukhopadhyay et al, 2010; reviewed in Taschner et al, 2012). The IFT A proteins are large and generally have similar domain organization, consisting of N-terminal WD motifs and C-terminal TPR repeats. These protein interaction domains may help the IFT A complex scaffold recruitment of the IFT B complex, as well as recruit ciliary cargo and motor proteins. Intriguingly, the domain structure of IFT A proteins is similar to that of nucleoporins and coat proteins and it has been suggested that they evolved from a coat protein precursor, consistent with a role in vesicle trafficking (Devos et al, 2004; Jekely and Arendt, 2006).
Details of protein-protein interactions within the IFT A complex are not known, nor are the details of how and where the complex assembles in a human cell.
R-HSA-5618328 (Reactome) Cilia are enriched in acetylated tubulin, a marker that is associated with stability, and the kinesin motor preferentially travels on acetylated microtubules (Johnson et al, 1998; Reed et al, 2006; Cai et al, 2009). Alpha tubulin acetyltransferase (ATAT), also known as MEC17, has been shown to catalyze the acetylation of alpha tubulin at K40 (Akella et al, 2010; Shida et al, 2010; Montagnac et al, 2013). ATAT preferentially acetylates polymerized alpha tubulin and may access the luminal K40 residue through 'breathing' of the microtubules protofilaments (Shida et al, 2010). ATAT was identified as an interacting protein with components of the BBSome, and siRNA knockdown of ATAT delays assembly of the primary cilium (Jin et al, 2010; Shida et al, 2010). BBIP1 is another component of the BBSome that has been shown to affect tubulin acetylation and stability, potentially through its interaction with HDAC6. BBIP1 exerts its effect on microtubule acetylation independently of its role as a component of the BBSome; it may exert its indirect effect by promoting ATAT-mediated acceleration, by counteracting HDAC6-mediated deacetylation, or by another mechanism (Loktev et al, 2008)
R-HSA-5618331 (Reactome) HDAC6 is a microtubule-associated deacetylase that targets the K40 acetyl groups of alpha tubulin (Hubbert et al, 2002; Loktev et al, 2008; Zhang et al, 2008). HDAC6 also interacts with BBIP1, a component of the BBSome that is required for BBSome assembly, and additionally (and independently of its role in the BBSome) plays a role in microtubule polymerization and acetylation (Loktev et al, 2008). Depletion of BBIP1 causes a marked reduction in cytoplasmic microtubule acetylation, and this defect is partially overcome by inhibition of HDAC6. These data suggest that BBIP1 may exert its effect on microtubule acetylation by negatively regulating HDAC6, although other mechanisms are also possible (Loktev et al, 2008).
R-HSA-5620914 (Reactome) ARF4 is a small GTPase that faciliates the targeting of some membrane proteins destined for the cilium. ARF4-mediated targeting of these cargo may depend in part on a VxPx-like motif in the C-terminal tails (Deretic et al, 2005; Geng et al, 2006; Jenkins et al, 2006; Mazelova et al, 2009; Ward et al, 2011; Wang et al, 2012; reviewed in Li et al, 2012). ARF4 is the only ARF protein with a role in ciliogenesis, and its localization at the TGN positions it to act as primary sorting mechanism for membrane proteins destined for the cilium (reviewed in Deretic, 2013; Li et al, 2012). ARF4 is myristoylated at the N-terminus and is membrane-associated in its GTP-bound form (reviewed in Li et al, 2012).
R-HSA-5620918 (Reactome) ASAP1 is a dimeric ARF GTPase activating protein (GAP) and scaffolding protein that is recruited to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) through interactions with activated ARF4, PI(4,5)P2 and acidic phospholipids (Brown et al, 1998; Che et al, 2005; Nie et al, 2006). Once at the TGN, ASAP1 forms a tripartite complex with ARF4 and ciliary cargo, possibly by interacting with a putative C-terminal FR targeting motif present in of a number of membrane proteins destined for the cilium, although this remains to be conclusively demonstrated (Corbit et al, 2005; Wang et al, 2012; reviewed in Bhogaraju et al, 2013). In addition to its role as an ARF GAP, ASAP1 also scaffolds the recruitment of a number of other proteins required for ciliary targeting, including RAB11 and the RAB11 effector FIP3 (Mazelova et al, 2009; Inoue et al, 2008; reviewed in Deretic 2013).
R-HSA-5620921 (Reactome) Recruitment of ASAP1 to the TGN facilitates the subsequent recruitment of both RAB11A and the RAB11 effector protein FIP3 to the ciliary targeting complex. RAB11FIP3 functions as a homodimer and can bind simultaneously to RAB11 and ARF4 through its C-terminal region (Inoue et al, 2008; Mazelova et al, 2009; Wang et al, 2012; Shiba et al, 2006; Eathiraj et al, 2006; Schonteich et al, 2007). RAB11FIP3 also interacts with the BAR domain of ASAP1 and in this way may play a role in stimulating the ARF GAP activity of ASAP1, promoting the inactivation ARF4 and its subsequent dissociation from the TGN (Inoue et al, 2008; reviewed in Deretic, 2013).
R-HSA-5623508 (Reactome) GBF1 promotes guanine nucleotide exchange on ARF4 at the Golgi membrane, activating the small GTPase and promoting its association with the Golgi membrane (Szul et al, 2007; reviewed in Deretic, 2013). Activated ARF4 at the trans-Golgi network may represent the initial sorting point for membrane proteins destined for the primary cilium (reviewed in Li et al, 2012).
R-HSA-5623513 (Reactome) Recruitment of RAB11FIP3 to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) simulates ASAP1 to activate the ARF4 GTPase activity, causing the hydrolysis of GTP and the release of ARF4:GDP from the Golgi membrane (Mazelova et al, 2009; Inoue et al, 2008; reviewed in Deretic, 2013).
R-HSA-5623519 (Reactome) RAB8A is another small GTPase that is required for ciliogenesis. RAB8A is recruited to the ciliary targeting complex at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) through interactions of the RAB8A guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) RAB3IP (also known as RABIN8) with ASAP1 and RAB11 (Wang et al, 2012; Westlake et al, 2011; Feng et al, 2012; reviewed in Deretic, 2013). RAB8A is recruited in the inactive GDP bound form, and is activated at the TGN by RAB3IP in a RAB11A-dependent fashion (Hatulla et al, 2002; Knodler et al, 2010; Westlake et al, 2012; Wang et al, 2012; Feng et al, 2012).
R-HSA-5623521 (Reactome) Once recruited to the ciliary targeting complex, RAB3IP/RABIN8 stimulates nucleotide exchange on RAB8A. Activated RAB8A is required for ciliogenesis and plays a role in mediating vesicle docking at the basal body, providing both lipid and protein content to the emerging cilium (Hattula et al, 2002; Knodler et al, 2010; Nachury et al, 2007; Wang et al, 2012; Westlake et al, 2011; Yoshimura et al, 2007; reviewed in Deretic, 2013; Sung and Leroux, 2013).


R-HSA-5623524 (Reactome) RAB3IP interacts directly with the EXOC6/SEC15 component of the exocyst, recruiting this membrane-targeting complex to the Golgi-derived vesicles (Feng et al, 2012; reviewed in Deretic, 2013). The exocyst is an octameric complex with roles in tethering and fusion of secretory vesicles with target membranes. A number of the exocyst components have been shown to be localized to the ciliary base and/or to be required for ciliogenesis. Consistent with this, IQCB1/NPHP5, a component of the basal body, has been shown to interact with members of the exocyst complex (Wu et al, 2005; Rogers et al, 2004; Zuo et al, 2009; Feng et al, 2012; Sang et al, 2011; reviewed in Das and Guo, 2011; Heider and Munson, 2012).
R-HSA-5623525 (Reactome) Membrane budding at the trans-Golgi network is promoted at least in part by the BAR domain of ASAP1, which is involved in sensing and inducing membrane curvature as well as providing the recognition site for small GTPases (Nie et al, 2006; Jian et al, 2009; Inoue et al, 2008; reviewed in Masuda et al, 2010). Oligomerization between ASAP1 and RAB11FIP3 may contribute to coat formation on vesicles budding from the TGN and destined for the plasma or ciliary membrane (Inoue et al, 2008; Mazelova et al, 2009; reviewed in Deretic, 2013).
R-HSA-5623527 (Reactome) Exocyst-mediated fusion of the Golgi-derived vesicle delivers the VxPx-containing membrane proteins to the ciliary membrane, although the precise mechanisms remain to be worked out (Mazelova et al, 2009; Wang et al, 2012; reviewed in Sung and Leroux, 2013). Vesicles carrying membrane proteins destined for the cilum may fuse at the periciliary membrane at the base of the cilium and deliver cargo to the IFT system. Ciliary membrane proteins may also diffuse laterally into the periciliary membrane after fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane (reviewed in Hsiao et al, 2012; Sung and Leroux, 2013). Although not depicted in this reaction, there is evidence that some of the protein-protein interactions of the ciliary-targeting complex may persist into the periciliary or ciliary membrane region (Wang et al, 2012).
R-HSA-5624125 (Reactome) The BBSome is a complex of 8 conserved proteins with roles in ciliary trafficking (Nachury et al, 2007; Loktev et al, 2008; reviewed in Nachury et al, 2010; Hsiao et al, 2012). Mutations in the BBS genes leads to Bardet-Biedl syndrome, a heterogeneous ciliopathy characterized by obesity, blindness, cystic kidney disease, retinitis pigmentosa, polydactyly, mental retardation, and renal failure in some cases (reviewed in Tobin and Beales, 2009). The BBSome is the primary effector of ARL6/BBS3, a small GTPase that recruits the BBSome and associated membrane proteins destined for the primary cilium to membranes (Jin et al, 2010; Nachury et al, 2007; Zhang et al, 2011; Seo et al 2011). The BBSome also interacts with the RAB8A guanine nucleotide exchange factor RAB3IP, and in this way promotes the recruitment of RAB8A to the cilium (Nachury et al, 2007). Components of the BBSome are enriched in beta propeller and TPR domains and have been shown to form linear arrays on liposomes (Jin et al, 2010). Where these arrays form, and how they contribute to ciliary targeting remains to be elucidated (Jin et al, 2010; reviewed in Nachury et al, 2010).

In mammalian cells, formation of the BBSome depends on a BBS/CCT complex that consists of MKKS/BBS6, BBS10, BBS12 and 6 members of the CCT/TRiC family of chaperonins. The BBS/CCT complex interacts with a subset of the BBSome protein and plays a role in the BBS7 stability, promoting the formation of an intermediate "BBSome core complex" (Seo et al, 2010; Jin et al, 2010; Zhang el al, 2012).
R-HSA-5624126 (Reactome) ARL6 is a small GTPase that was also identified as BBS3, a gene that when mutated gives rise to the ciliopathy Bardet-Biedel syndrome (Chiang et al, 2004; Fan et al, 2004). In its GTP-form, membrane-associated ARL6 recruits the BBSome along with BBSome-associated cargo such as SSTR3, MHCR1 or SMO to the cilium (Jin et al, 2010; Zhang et al, 2011; Seo et al, 2011). Binding of IFT27 to the nucleotide-free form of ARL6 may also play a role in promoting the exit of the BBSome from the cilium (Liew et al, 2014). The BBSome, a complex consisting of BBS1, BBS2, BBS4, BBS5, BBS7, BBC9, TTC8/BBS8 and BBIP10 is thought to contribute to ciliary targeting, either by promoting budding of vesicles from the secretory pathway or through lateral diffusion of BBSome-enriched 'rafts' from the plasma membrane as indicated in this reaction (Jin et al, 2010; reviewed in Li et al, 2012; Sung and Leroux, 2013; Nachury et al, 2010). The interaction between the BBSome and ARL6 is mediated by the N-terminal B-propeller domain of BBSome component BBS1 (Jin et al, 2010). BBSome function is negatively regulated by LZTFL1, which forms a complex with the BBSome in the cytosol and inhibits its traffic to the cilium (Seo et al, 2011).
R-HSA-5624127 (Reactome) ARL6:GTP and the BBSome complex are required for the ciliary accumulation of proteins such as SSTR3, MHRC1 and SMO (Zhang et al, 2011; Jin et al, 2010; Seo et al, 2011; reviewed in Nachury et al, 2010; Sung and Leroux, 2013). BBSome localization to the primary cilium is negatively regulated by LZTFL1, and ciliary accumulation of some BBSome cargo is increased by LZTFL1 depletion (Seo et al, 2011).
R-HSA-5624129 (Reactome) LZTFL1 was identified as a tumor suppressor and as a protein that interacts with components of the BBSome (Wei et al, 2010; Seo et al, 2011). LZTFL1 forms cytosolic complexes with the BBSome and negatively regulates its entry into the cilium without affecting the assembly or stability of the BBSome complex. Both the BBSome and LZTFL1 have been shown to regulate the localization of the Hh signaling protein SMO (Seo et al, 2011). A recent study suggests that LZTFL1 may additionally play a role in coordinating the interaction between the BBSome and the IFT B component IFT27 and in this way contribute to the traffic of Hh pathway proteins into and out of the cilium (Eguether et al, 2014).
R-HSA-5624130 (Reactome) Binding of ARL3 to UNC119B induces a conformational change that obstructs UNC119B cargo-binding and promotes the release of the myrisoylated cargo into the ciliary membrane (Wright et al, 2011; Ismail et al, 2012).
R-HSA-5624131 (Reactome) UNC119B is an ARL3 effector that binds directly to the myristoyl moieties at glycine 2 of NPHP3 and CYS1 (Wright et al, 2011). Myristoylation is required for the ciliary localization of these proteins (Wright et al, 2011; Tao et al, 2006), and both mutation of the glycine 2 myristoylation target in NPHP3 and siRNA knockdown of UNC119B dramatically reduce the ciliary localization of NPHP3 and CYS1 (Tao et al, 2006; Wright et al, 2011; reviewed in Schwarz et al, 2012).
R-HSA-5624132 (Reactome) UNC119B promotes the translocation of myristoylated NPHP3 from the ER membrane to the primary cilium by an unknown mechanism. Ciliary localization depends both on myristoylation and UNC119B, as mutation of the glycine 2 acceptor site or siRNA knockdown of UNC119B drastically reduces the amount of NPHP3 or CYS1 in the cilium (Wright et al, 2011).
R-HSA-5624133 (Reactome) ARL3 is an ARF-like small GTPase that is localized to the primary cilium in both the GDP- and the GTP-bound form (Zhou et al, 2006; Wright et al, 2011). ARL3 binds UNC119B in a GTP-dependent fashion and is required for the ciliary localization of NPHP3 and CYS1. Upon GTPase activation, ARL3 promotes the transfer of the myristoylated cargo into the ciliary membrane (Wright et al, 2011).
R-HSA-5624948 (Reactome) Ciliary localization of the alternative kinesin-2 motor KIF17 depends on TNPO1 and the RAN:GDP/RAN:GTP gradient. Once in the cilium, the TNPO1:KIF17 complex is likely dissociated by RAN:GTP binding and subsequent GTP hydrolysis, freeing KIF17 to play its role in anterograde IFT transport (Dishinger et al, 2010).
R-HSA-5624949 (Reactome) IFT particles were first characterized in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, where they were observed by differential interference contrast microscopy as electron-dense granules that move along doublet microtubules of the ciliary axoneme (Kozminski et al, 1993; Kozminski et al, 1995; reviewed in Pedersen et al, 2008). More recent ultrastructural analysis of Chlamydomonas flagella confirms the presence of two distinct types of IFT trains, a longer, less electron-opaque anterograde train and shorter, more opaque retrograde trains. Both the anterograde and retrograde trains are associated with the outer microtubule doublets and with the inner surface of the flagellar membrane (Pigino et al, 2009). Isolation and characterization of IFT particles revealed that they consist of 2 biochemically distinct subcomplexes, IFT A and IFT B that are widely conserved in ciliated organisms (Piperno et al, 1997; Cole et al, 1998; reviewed in Sung and Leroux, 2013). Anterograde traffic is driven by kinesin-2 type motors in an ATP-dependent manner. Evidence from C. elegans suggests distinct and sequential roles for the canonical heterotrimeric kinesin-2 motor and the alternate homodimeric kinesin-2, OSM-3 (homologue of human KIF17) in mediating anterograde transport, but this has not been demonstrated in human cells where the canonical kinesin-2 motor predominates (Evans et al, 2006; Snow et al, 2004; Ou et al, 2005). Human KIF17 appears to be required in some cell types for cilia formation, and plays a role in the import of some ciliary cargo (Jenkins et al, 2006; Insinna et al, 2008; Insinna et al, 2009; Dishinger et al, 2010; reviewed in Verhey et al, 2011). Assembly of the anterograde IFT trains at the base of the primary cilium may be facilitated by the BBSome complex, which has also been shown to display IFT-like movement along the axoneme; however, the BBSome is highly sub-stoichiometric with respect to the IFT complex, so this notion requires more substantiation (Ou et al, 2005; Wei et al, 2012; Blacque et al, 2004; Nachury et al, 2007; Lechtreck et al, 2009; reviewed in Sung and Leroux, 2013). Studies in C. elegans also suggest a role for ARL13B and ARL3 in regulating the stability of the anterograde IFT train (Li et al, 2010).
R-HSA-5624951 (Reactome) KIF17 is an alternate kinesin-2 motor that is required in some cell types for anterograde IFT and for the ciliary localization of CNG (Ou et al, 2005; Jenkins et al, 2006; Insinna et al, 2008; Insinna et al, 2009; Li et al, 2010; reviewed in Scholey, 2008; Verhey et al, 2011). KIF17 contains a C-terminal ciliary localization signal that mediates its interaction with nuclear import factor TNPO1 (importin beta-2). This interaction is required for the ciliary targeting of KIF17 and is regulated by RAN GTP levels such that the interaction is promoted in the cytosol where RAN:GTP levels are low, and is destabilized in the cilium where RAN:GTP levels are high (Dishinger et al, 2010). The roles of TNPO1 and the RAN:GTP gradient in promoting ciliary localization of KIF17 are analogous to their roles in nuclear import and provide evidence for the first time of conserved mechanisms governing nuclear and ciliary localization (Dishinger et al, 2010; Devos et al, 2004; Gruss, 2010).
R-HSA-5624952 (Reactome) Remodelling of IFT trains is thought to occur at the ciliary tip (Iomini et al, 2001; Buisson et al, 2013; reviewed in Snell and Cole, 2009). Retrograde transport is driven by the multi-subunit dynein-2 motor in an ATP-dependent fashion (Hou et al, 2004; Pazour et al, 1999; Porter et al, 1999; reviewed in Cole and Snell, 2009; Ishikawa et al, 2011). Mutations in genes encoding members of the IFT A complex or the dynein-2 motor generally result in short, swollen cilia that abnormally acccumulate IFT components (Iomini et al, 2009; Piperno et al, 1998; Pazour et al, 1999). The subunit composition of the human dynein-2 complex has recently been analyzed and preliminary characterization of the IFT A complex has begun, but detailed understanding of the molecular architecture of the retrograde IFT trains is still lacking (Assante et al, 2014; Piperno et al, 1998; Mukhopadhyay et al, 2010; reviewed in Taschner et al, 2012).
R-HSA-5624953 (Reactome) The small GTPase ARL13B is required for the ciliary localization of INPP5E. ARL13B binds directly to INPP5E and is thought to displace PDE6D from the complex (Humbert et al, 2012).
R-HSA-5624954 (Reactome) INPP5E is a ciliary peripheral membrane protein that is associated with the ciliopathy Joubert's Syndrome (Bielas et al, 2009; Jacoby et al, 2009). Ciliary localization of the full-length protein depends on a targeting sequence and interactions with PDE6D and ARL13B, although the detailed mechanism remains unresolved (Humbert et al, 2012).
R-HSA-5624956 (Reactome) The inositol polyphosphate phosphatase INPP5E is a ciliary localized peripheral membrane protein with a CaaX prenylation motif in its C-terminus (Jacoby et al, 2009; Bielas et al, 2009; Humbert et al, 2012). This motif is downstream of the ciliary targeting sequence and prenylation is not required for the ciliary localization of INPP5E. The CaaX motif is required for the interaction between INPP5E and the phosphodiesterase PDE6D, and PDE6D is required for the ciliary localization of full length INPP5E but not a truncated solubilized form. These data suggest that PDE6D may play a role in extracting prenylated INPP5E from a donor membrane prior to ciliary targeting (Humbert et al, 2012).
R-HSA-5625416 (Reactome) Anterograde trains travel along the axoneme of the primary cilium at an estimated rate of 2 micrometers per second in an ATP- and kinesin-2-dependent fashion (reviewed in Cole and Snell, 2009). Although the particulars of IFT train-cargo interactions have not been fully elaborated, recent studies in C. reinhardtii and human cells have shown that the IFT B components IFT74 and IFT81 have tubulin-binding sites, while IFT46 is required for the ciliary transport of the outer dynein arm, and more recently, TTC26 has been shown to be required for the transport of motility-related proteins into the flagella (Bhogaraju et al, 2013; Ahmed et al, 2008; Hou et al, 2007; Ishikawa et al, 2014; reviewed in Bhogarju et al, 2014).
R-HSA-5625421 (Reactome) Based on work done in C. reinhardtii and Trypanosoma brucei, anterograde IFT trains are believed to disassemble at the ciliary tip, releasing cargo and the IFT motors. Smaller retrograde trains are subsequently reassembled for transport back to the ciliary base (Iomini et al, 2001; Buisson et al, 2013; Pigino et al, 2009; reviewed in Ishikawa et al, 2011; Bhogaraju et al, 2013). A direct interaction between IFT27 and the nucleotide-free form of ARL6 may contribute to ARL6 activation and in this way contribute to ciliary exit of some cargo (Liew et al, 2014).
R-HSA-5625424 (Reactome) At the base of the cilium, retrograde trains are believed to disassemble and recycle for a subsequent round of IFT transport (Iomini et al, 2001; Buisson et al, 2013; reviewed in Ishikawa et al, 2011; Cole and Snell, 2009).
R-HSA-5625426 (Reactome) Retrograde trains are shorter than anterograde particles and travel along the axoneme of the primary cilium at an estimated rate of 3 micrometers per second (reviewed in Cole and Snell, 2009).
R-HSA-5626220 (Reactome) C2 domain-containing protein 3 (C2CD3) is basal body-localized protein that is required for ciliogenesis and Hh signaling (Hoover et al, 2008; Balestra et al, 2013). C2CD3 is recruited to the centrosome in a pericentriolar material 1 protein (PCM1)- and microtubule-dependent manner and is required for the subsequent recruitment of the distal appendage proteins to the mother centriole (Tanos et al, 2013; Sillibourne et al, 2013; Ye et al, 2014; reviewed in Winey and O'Toole, 2014). The distal appendage proteins are thought to be a component of the transition fibres that anchor the basal body to the membrane at the base of the cilium and are themselves required for the recruitment of Tau-tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2) and for docking ciliary vesicles to the mother centriole (Tanos et al, 2013; Wei et al, 2013; Joo et al, 2013; Schmidt et al, 2012; Sillibourne et al, 2013; Burke et al, 2014).
R-HSA-5626223 (Reactome) C2CD3 and the centrosome component OFD1 are required for the recruitment of distal appendage proteins CEP164, CEP83/CCDC41, CEP89, FBF1 and SCLT1 to the mother centriole (Ye et al, 2014; Tang et al, 2013; Singla et al, 2010). Distal appendage proteins are believed to form part of the transition fibres that anchor the basal bodies to the actin rich cortex at the base of the emerging primary cilium, and are also required for the recruitment and binding of ciliary vesicles and intraflagellar transport (IFT) complexes (Tanos et al, 2013; Wei et al, 2013; Joo et al, 2010; Schmidt et al, 2012; Sillibourne et al, 2013; Ye et al, 2014; reviewed in Winey and O'Toole, 2014).
R-HSA-5626227 (Reactome) CCP110 is a negative regulator of ciliogenesis that caps the mother centriole. CCP110 may inhibit ciliogenesis in part by preventing the CEP290-dependent recruitment of RAB8A to the centrosome and cilia (Spektor et al, 2007; Tsang et al, 2008; reviewed in Tsang and Dynlacht, 2013). CCP110 and CEP97 also form a complex with the KIF24, a kinesin with centriolar microtubule depolymerizing activity that is required for the initial recruitment and/or stability of CCP110 at the centriole (Kobayashi et al, 2011). Recruitment of TTBK2 promotes the displacement of CCP110 and its binding partner CEP97. This results in the formation of a basal body and promotes recruitment of IFT complex members and allows axonemal extension to occur (Goetz et al, 2012; Ye et al, 2014; reviewed in Tsang and Dynlacht, 2013). Although the kinase activity of TTBK2 is required for cilium formation and TTBK2 has been shown to phosphorylate CEP164, the relevant physiological target during ciliogenesis has not been unambiguously identified (Cajanek et al, 2014). Similarly, the kinase activity of MARK4 is also required for ciliogenesis, and the interaction between MARK4 and ODF2, a putative substrate, is needed to promote the dissociation of the CCP110 and CEP97 proteins from the centriole (Kuhns et al, 2013; reviewed in Kim and Dynlacht, 2013).
R-HSA-5626228 (Reactome) C2CD3 and the distal appendage protein CEP164 are required for the recruitment of the kinase Tau tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2) to the centriole (Ye et al, 2014; Cajanek et al, 2014). TTBK2 recruitment promotes the release of CCP110, a negative regulator of ciliogenesis that caps the mother centriole (Goetz et al, 2012; Ye et al, 2014; Tsang et al, 2008; Spektor et al, 2007). CCP110 is initially recruited and/or stabilized at the mother centriole in a KIF24-dependent manner; KIF24, a kinesin-like protein, also restricts ciliogenesis through its microtubule depolymerizing activity (Kobayashi et al, 2011). In addition to promoting the release of CCP110, TTBK2 also plays a role in the recruitment of intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins and in this way contributes to extension of the ciliary axoneme (Goetz et al, 2012; Ye et al, 2014). Mutations in TTBK2 disrupt ciliogenesis and are associated with the development of spinocerebellar ataxia (Houlden et al, 2007; Bouskila et al, 2011; reviewed in Jackson, 2012).
R-HSA-5626681 (Reactome) The transition zone is a protein-rich zone at the base of the primary cilium that forms after maturation of the mother centriole and prior to or concurrent with the initiation of intraflagellar transport (IFT) (reviewed in Benzing and Schermer, 2011; Reiter et al, 2012). The transition zone consists of a growing number of proteins and protein complexes, many of whose genes are associated with ciliopathies such as nephronophthisis, Meckel-Gruber syndrome and Joubert's syndrome (Reiter et al, 2006; Hu et al, 2010; Sang et al, 2011; Williams et al, 2011; Garcia-Gonzalo et al, 2011; Chih et al, 2012; reviewed in Reiter et al, 2012). In conjunction with SEPT2, which was recently shown to form a septin ring diffusion barrier at the base of the cilium, the transition zone and its resident proteins contribute to protein sorting and ciliary membrane composition and act as a ciliary gate (Hu et al, 2010; Williams et al, 2011; Garcia-Gonzalo et al, 2011; Chih et al, 2012; reviewed in Reiter et al, 2012).
R-HSA-5626699 (Reactome) MARK4 (microtubule associated protein/microtubule affinity regulating kinase 4) was identified in a screen as a positive regulator of ciliogenesis (Kuhns et al, 2013). MARK4 interacts at the centriole with the subdistal appendage component ODF2 and this interaction is required to promote axonemal extension (Kuhns et al, 2013; reviewed in Kim and Dynlacht, 2013). Like Tau tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2), MARK4 appears to have a role in promoting the dissociation of CCP110 and CEP97, uncapping the centriole and allowing axonemal extension to take place (Kuhns et al, 2013; Ye et al, 2014;; Goetz et al, 2012). Although this reaction shows that MARK4 is recruited to the centriole subsequent to TTBK2, the timing of the ODF2:MARK4 interaction is not known.
R-HSA-5638004 (Reactome) RP2 is an ARL3 GAP that is localized to the primary cilium and plays a role in trafficking proteins from the Golgi to the ciliary membrane (Veltel et al, 2008a; Hurd et al, 2011; Evans et al, 2010; Wright et al, 2011). RP2 forms a ternary complex with UNC119B and ARL3, activating the ARL3 GTPase activity and promoting the release of UNC119B (Veltel et al, 2008b; Wright et al, 2011; Kuhnel et al, 2006; reviewed in Schwarz et al, 2012; Li et al, 2012)
R-HSA-5638006 (Reactome) RP2 is an ARL3 GAP that is localized to the primary cilium and plays a role in trafficking proteins from the Golgi to the ciliary membrane (Veltel et al, 2008a; Hurd et al, 2011; Evans et al, 2010; Wright et al, 2011). RP2 forms a ternary complex with UNC119B and ARL3, activating the ARL3 GTPase activity and promoting the release of UNC119B (Veltel et al, 2008b; Wright et al, 2011; Kuhnel et al, 2006; reviewed in Schwarz et al, 2012; Li et al, 2012)
R-HSA-5638007 (Reactome) RP2 is an ARL3 GAP that is localized to the primary cilium and plays a role in trafficking proteins from the Golgi to the ciliary membrane (Veltel et al, 2008a; Hurd et al, 2011; Evans et al, 2010; Wright et al, 2011). RP2 forms a ternary complex with UNC119B and ARL3, activating the ARL3 GTPase activity and promoting the release of UNC119B (Veltel et al, 2008b; Wright et al, 2011; Kuhnel et al, 2006; reviewed in Schwarz et al, 2012; Li et al, 2012)
R-HSA-5638009 (Reactome) The distal appendage protein CEP164 interacts with RAB3IP, and in this way recruits Golgi-derived vesicles to the basal body to initiate ciliary membrane biogenesis (Schmidt et al, 2012; Westlake et al, 2011; Rohatgi and Snell, 2010). RAB3IP recruitment to the distal appendages of centrioles promotes the appropriate localization and activation of RAB8A (Nachury et al, 2007; Yoshimura et al, 2007; Westlake et al, 2011; Schmidt et al, 2012).
R-HSA-5638012 (Reactome) ARL13B promotes the ciliary localization of INPP5E by interacting with it directly and displacing PDE6D from the complex (Humbert et al, 2012).
R-HSA-5638014 (Reactome) The RAB8 guanine nucleotide exchange factor RAB3IP/RABIN8 is recruited to vesicles through interaction with membrane-tethered RAB11:GTP (Westlake et al, 2011; Knodler et al, 2010). Recruitment of RAB3IP may also depend on the TRAPPCII complex, a multiprotein complex with roles in vesicular trafficking (Westlake et al, 2011; reviewed in Sacher et al, 2008). RAB3IP is required for RAB8A to localize to the cilium, and depletion of RAB3IP compromises cilia formation (Nachury et al, 2007; Loktev et al, 2008). GTP-bound RAB8A may promote ciliogenesis by promoting the traffic of post-Golgi vesicles to the base of the primary cilium (Nachury et al, 2007; Westlake et al, 2011; Feng et al, 2012; reviewed in Reiter et al, 2012)
R-HSA-5638016 (Reactome) ARL3 hydrolysis of GTP promotes the release of UNC119B, dissociating the complex (Wright et al, 2011; reveiwed in Schwarz et al, 2012).
RAB11A:GTP:Golgi derived vesicleR-HSA-5638014 (Reactome)
RAB11A:GTP:RAB11FIP3

dimer:ASAP1

dimer:ARF4:GTP:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteins		ArrowR-HSA-5620921 (Reactome)
RAB11A:GTP:RAB11FIP3

dimer:ASAP1

dimer:ARF4:GTP:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteins		R-HSA-5623513 (Reactome)
RAB11A:GTP:RAB11FIP3

dimer:ASAP1

dimer:ARF4:GTP:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteins		mim-catalysisR-HSA-5623513 (Reactome)
RAB11A:GTP:RAB11FIP3

dimer:ASAP1

dimer:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteins		ArrowR-HSA-5623513 (Reactome)
RAB11A:GTP:RAB11FIP3

dimer:ASAP1

dimer:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteins		R-HSA-5623519 (Reactome)
RAB11A:GTPR-HSA-5620921 (Reactome)
RAB11FIP3 dimerR-HSA-5620921 (Reactome)
RAB3IP:BBSomeArrowR-HSA-5617815 (Reactome)
RAB3IP:RAB11A:GTP:Golgi-derived vesicleArrowR-HSA-5638014 (Reactome)
RAB3IP:RAB11A:GTP:Golgi-derived vesicleR-HSA-5638009 (Reactome)
RAB3IP:RAB8A:GDPR-HSA-5623519 (Reactome)
RAB3IPR-HSA-5617815 (Reactome)
RAB3IPR-HSA-5638014 (Reactome)
RAB8A:GDP:RAB3IP:RAB11A:GTP:FIP3 dimer:ASAP1 dimer:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteinsArrowR-HSA-5623519 (Reactome)
RAB8A:GDP:RAB3IP:RAB11A:GTP:FIP3 dimer:ASAP1 dimer:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteinsR-HSA-5623521 (Reactome)
RAB8A:GDP:RAB3IP:RAB11A:GTP:FIP3 dimer:ASAP1 dimer:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteinsmim-catalysisR-HSA-5623521 (Reactome)
RAB8A:GDPR-HSA-5617816 (Reactome)
RAB8A:GTP:RAB3IP:RAB11A:GTP:RAB11FIP3 dimer:ASAP1 dimer:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteinsArrowR-HSA-5623521 (Reactome)
RAB8A:GTP:RAB3IP:RAB11A:GTP:RAB11FIP3 dimer:ASAP1 dimer:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteinsArrowR-HSA-5623525 (Reactome)
RAB8A:GTP:RAB3IP:RAB11A:GTP:RAB11FIP3 dimer:ASAP1 dimer:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteinsR-HSA-5623524 (Reactome)
RAB8A:GTP:RAB3IP:RAB11A:GTP:RAB11FIP3 dimer:ASAP1 dimer:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteinsR-HSA-5623525 (Reactome)
RAB8A:GTPArrowR-HSA-5617816 (Reactome)
RABL5R-HSA-5617820 (Reactome)
RP2:ARL3:GDP:UNC119BArrowR-HSA-5638006 (Reactome)
RP2:ARL3:GDP:UNC119BR-HSA-5638016 (Reactome)
RP2:ARL3:GTP:UNC119B(active)ArrowR-HSA-5638007 (Reactome)
RP2:ARL3:GTP:UNC119B(active)R-HSA-5638006 (Reactome)
RP2:ARL3:GTP:UNC119B(active)mim-catalysisR-HSA-5638006 (Reactome)
RP2:ARL3:GTP:UNC119BArrowR-HSA-5638004 (Reactome)
RP2:ARL3:GTP:UNC119BR-HSA-5638007 (Reactome)
RP2ArrowR-HSA-5638016 (Reactome)
RP2R-HSA-5638004 (Reactome)
RP2mim-catalysisR-HSA-5638007 (Reactome)
SCLT1R-HSA-5626223 (Reactome)
SEPT2ArrowR-HSA-5626681 (Reactome)
TNPO1R-HSA-5624951 (Reactome)
TRAF3IP1R-HSA-5617820 (Reactome)
TRIP11ArrowR-HSA-5617828 (Reactome)
TTBK2R-HSA-5626228 (Reactome)
TTC21BR-HSA-5617829 (Reactome)
TTC26R-HSA-5617820 (Reactome)
TTC30R-HSA-5617820 (Reactome)
TTC8R-HSA-5624125 (Reactome)
Tectonic-like complexR-HSA-5626681 (Reactome)
UNC119B:myristoylated ciliary cargoArrowR-HSA-5624131 (Reactome)
UNC119B:myristoylated ciliary cargoArrowR-HSA-5624132 (Reactome)
UNC119B:myristoylated ciliary cargoR-HSA-5624132 (Reactome)
UNC119B:myristoylated ciliary cargoR-HSA-5624133 (Reactome)
UNC119BArrowR-HSA-5638016 (Reactome)
UNC119BR-HSA-5624131 (Reactome)
VxPx-containing

ciliary membrane

proteins		ArrowR-HSA-5623527 (Reactome)
VxPx-containing

ciliary membrane

proteins		R-HSA-5620914 (Reactome)
WDR19R-HSA-5617829 (Reactome)
WDR35R-HSA-5617829 (Reactome)
acetylated microtubuleArrowR-HSA-5618328 (Reactome)
acetylated microtubuleArrowR-HSA-5625421 (Reactome)
acetylated microtubuleArrowR-HSA-5625424 (Reactome)
acetylated microtubuleR-HSA-5618331 (Reactome)
active dynein-2 motorsR-HSA-5624952 (Reactome)
active kinesin-2 motorsR-HSA-5624949 (Reactome)
anterograde IFT trainsArrowR-HSA-5624949 (Reactome)
anterograde IFT trainsArrowR-HSA-5625416 (Reactome)
anterograde IFT trainsR-HSA-5625416 (Reactome)
anterograde IFT trainsR-HSA-5625421 (Reactome)
basal

body:transition zone

proteins:RAB3IP:RAB11A:GTP:Golgi-derived vesicle		ArrowR-HSA-5638009 (Reactome)
basal

body:transition zone

proteins:RAB3IP:RAB11A:GTP:Golgi-derived vesicle		mim-catalysisR-HSA-5617816 (Reactome)
basal

body:transition

zone proteins		ArrowR-HSA-5626681 (Reactome)
basal

body:transition

zone proteins		R-HSA-5638009 (Reactome)
basal bodyArrowR-HSA-5626227 (Reactome)
basal bodyR-HSA-5626681 (Reactome)
centrosome:C2CD2:distal appendage proteins:TTBK2:MARK4ArrowR-HSA-5626699 (Reactome)
centrosome:C2CD2:distal appendage proteins:TTBK2:MARK4R-HSA-5626227 (Reactome)
dynein-2ArrowR-HSA-5625421 (Reactome)
dynein-2ArrowR-HSA-5625424 (Reactome)
dynein-2R-HSA-5624949 (Reactome)
exocyst complex:RAB8A:GTP:RAB3IP:RAB11:GTP:RAB11FIP3 dimer:ASAP1 dimer:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteinsArrowR-HSA-5623524 (Reactome)
exocyst complex:RAB8A:GTP:RAB3IP:RAB11:GTP:RAB11FIP3 dimer:ASAP1 dimer:VxPx-containing ciliary membrane proteinsR-HSA-5623527 (Reactome)
exocyst complexR-HSA-5623524 (Reactome)
microtubuleArrowR-HSA-5618331 (Reactome)
microtubuleR-HSA-5618328 (Reactome)
mother centriole:C2CD3ArrowR-HSA-5626220 (Reactome)
mother centriole:C2CD3R-HSA-5626223 (Reactome)
mother centrioleR-HSA-5626220 (Reactome)
myristoylated ciliary cargoR-HSA-5624131 (Reactome)
myristoylated ciliary proteinsArrowR-HSA-5624130 (Reactome)
retrograde IFT trainsArrowR-HSA-5624952 (Reactome)
retrograde IFT trainsArrowR-HSA-5625426 (Reactome)
retrograde IFT trainsR-HSA-5625424 (Reactome)
retrograde IFT trainsR-HSA-5625426 (Reactome)
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