Degradation of beta-catenin by the destruction complex (Homo sapiens)

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172, 3, 16, 21, 28...411, 18, 33, 401, 37, 419, 14, 15, 20, 22...3216, 36, 456, 16, 46, 51, 5223483810, 13, 25, 26, 42...8, 3724, 26, 30, 34327, 5023325, 6, 12, 43, 46...53nucleoplasmcytosolPPP2R5E p-AXIN:CK1alpha:GSK3B:phospho-APC (20 aa repeat region):PP2A:AMER1 complexBTRC AMER1 LEF1 PPP2CA PPP2R5A PPP2R1A TLE3 K63polyUb-APC GSK3B AXIN1 geneK63polyUb-APC UBC(609-684) RPS27A(1-76) GSK3B PPP2R5C PPP2CB CSNK1A1 CSNK1A1 TLE2 PSMA1 PPP2R5D CSNK1A1 GSK3B p-T519,S524,S531-AXIN1 ATPPPP2CA ATPTLE1 PSMA6 AES TLE:AESPPP2R1B TLE4 AESPPP2R1B p-S45,T41-CTNNB1-1 UBC(1-76) PPP2R1A PPP2R1A GSK3B PPP2R5A AMER1 PSMB7 PPP2R5A PSMD1 PPP2R1A PPP2R5A CTBP1 UBC(153-228) PPP2R5A PSMB5 p-S33,S37,T41,S45-beta-catenin:p-AXIN:CK1alpha:GSK3B:phospho-ub-APC (20 aa repeat region):PP2A:AMER1 complexAMER1 beta-cateninTLE4 PSMB10 p-S33,S37,S45,T41-CTNNB1-1 PSMD5 TLE:HDAC1PSMB8 PPP2R5B CTBPsPPP2R5E PPP2CA p-AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexRPS27A(1-76) TCF7 PPP2CB p-T519,S524,S531-AXIN1 ADPPPP2R1B PPP2R5D TLE1 PPP2R5B PPP2R5C PSMD7 PPP2CA p-ub-APC AMER1 BTRC p-T519,S524,S531-AXIN1 p-S33,S37,T41,S45-beta-catenin:p-AXIN:CK1alpha:GSK3B:phospho-ub-APC (20 aa repeat region):PP2A:AMER1 complexPPP2CB PPP2R5B UBB(153-228) CUL1 CSNK1A1 p-T519,S524,S531-AXIN1 pS45-beta-catenin:p-Axin:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexp-T519,S524,S531-AXIN1 p-T519,S524,S531-AXIN1 ADPPPP2R5E PPP2R1B 'canonical' WNTtarget genetranscriptsADPPPP2CB PPP2CB PSMB6 p-T519,S524,S531-AXIN1 SKP1 PSMA8 PPP2R1A PPP2R5C PPP2R1B AXIN2 mRNA CSNK1A1 PSME1 PPP2R1A TLE1 PSMD14 PSMB9 TLEPPP2R5D PSMC6 FRAT1 CSNK1A1 TLE4 TLE tetramerUBB(153-228) PPP2R1B K63polyUb-APC FRAT1,2:GSK3betaTLE2 GSK3BPPP2R5E PPP2R1A PSMD6 UBC(457-532) PPP2R5D PPP2R1B PPP2R5A SKP1 PPP2CB TLE2 beta-catenin:p-AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexPPP2R5A GSK3B CUL1 PSMD11 PPP2R1B PPP2R1A ATPPSMC2 AMER1 GSK3B p-S33,S37,S45,T41-CTNNB1-1 UBC(533-608) p-S33,S37,S45,T41-CTNNB1-1 PPP2R5A AMER1 K63polyUbTCF7L2 PPP2R5E UBC(229-304) SKP1 PSMA4 AMER1 geneGSK3B PSMC3 PPP2R1A TLE3 CTBP1 p-T519,S524,S531-AXIN1 UBA52(1-76) PPP2R5A PPP2CB RBX1:SKP1:CUL1:beta-TrCP1:phosphorylated beta-catenin complexGSK3B ADPUBC(229-304) CSNK1A1 PSMD12 PPP2R5C UBC(153-228) UBB(1-76) PSMD9 TLE2 PSMD2 PSME3 GSK3B TLE4 PSMD3 PPP2R1A p-S37,T41,S45-beta-catenin:p-AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexTCF7L2/TCF7L1:CTBPsPPP2CA TCF7L1 PPP2R1A CTNNB1 K63polyUb-APC PPP2R5C PSME4 TCF7L1 PPP2R5D PPP2R5B UBC(77-152) PPP2R5D PSME2 CSNK1A1 TLE2 RBX1 CTNNB1-1 GSK3B PPP2CA PPP2CA PPP2R5B UBC(77-152) PPP2R5A p-S33,S37,S45,T41-CTNNB1-1 TCF7L2/TCF7L1PSMA5 PPP2R5C PPP2R5E AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexUbPSMC5 GSK3B CSNK1A1 GSK3B PPP2R5C PPP2R5A PPP2R1B p-ub-APC PSMA2 p-S33,S37,S45,T41-CTNNB1-1 'canonical' WNTtarget genesp-ub-APC PPP2R5E ATPPSMB2 PPP2CA PSMA7 PPP2R5C PPP2R1A PP2AHDAC1PPP2CA RBX1 PSMD10 K63polyUb-APC UBB(1-76) ATPADPAMER1 UBC(533-608) PSMC4 UBC(305-380) 26S proteasomeATPCTBP2 CSNK1A1UBC(609-684) PPP2CA UBC(1-76) unknown ligaseAMER1 PPP2R5C PPP2CA AMER1 TLEPPP2R5B PPP2R1A ubiquitinatedphospho-beta-catenin:RBX1:SCF(beta-TrCP1) complexPPP2R5E PPP2R5B PSMD4 PPP2CB UBC(381-456) UBC(305-380) PPP2R5A PPP2R5B RBX1 p-S33,S37,T41,S45-beta-catenin:p-AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexPPP2R5E TLE3 p-T519,S524,S531-AXIN1 PSMB3 AXIN1 PPP2R5D UBC(457-532) PPP2R1B PPP2R5E TLE1 PPP2R5B UBA52(1-76) PSMD13 AMER1 K63polyUb-APCPPP2R5D UBB(77-152) PSMC1 PPP2CA TCF7L2 PPP2CB AMER1 PSMB4 CUL1 CSNK1A1 APCPPP2R5C PPP2R5D PPP2R5E AXIN1PPP2R5D PPP2R1B K63polyUb-APC p-S45-CTNNB1-1 TCF7L1 FRAT2 ADPp-S37,S45,T41-CTNNB1-1 PPP2R5D PPP2R5D PSMB11 PPP2R5E PSMA3 TLE3 PSMD8 PPP2CB PPP2R5C TLE3 PPP2R5A PPP2CB CTNNB1-1 SCF beta-TrCPcomplexPPP2CB TCF7L2 CSNK1A1 p-ub-APC TLE4 CTBP2 PPP2R5E p-ub-APC PPP2R5B AXIN2 gene p-T519,S524,S531-AXIN1 PPP2R5B HDAC1 PPP2CA PPP2R1B PPP2R5C PPP2R1B AMER1 AMER1PPP2R5B K63polyUb-APC PPP2R5B PPP2R5D PPP2CB UBC(381-456) TLE1 PSMF1 BTRC PSMB1 GSK3B UBB(77-152) p-T519,S524,S531-AXIN1 CSNK1A1 p-T41,S45-beta-catenin:p-AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexPPP2R5C 3919, 49


Description

The beta-catenin destruction complex plays a key role in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the absence of Wnt signaling, this complex controls the levels of cytoplamic beta-catenin. Beta-catenin associates with and is phosphorylated by the destruction complex. Phosphorylated beta-catenin is recognized and ubiquitinated by the SCF-beta TrCP ubiquitin ligase complex and is subsequently degraded by the proteasome (reviewed in Kimelman and Xu, 2006). View original pathway at:Reactome.

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Bibliography

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History

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CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
114976view16:50, 25 January 2021ReactomeTeamReactome version 75
113420view11:49, 2 November 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 74
112622view16:00, 9 October 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 73
101538view11:40, 1 November 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 66
101073view21:22, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 65
100603view19:57, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 64
100154view16:42, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 63
99704view15:10, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62 (2nd attempt)
93998view13:50, 16 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
93607view11:28, 9 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
87171view19:24, 18 July 2016MkutmonOntology Term : 'Wnt signaling pathway' added !
86716view09:24, 11 July 2016ReactomeTeamreactome version 56
83396view11:07, 18 November 2015ReactomeTeamVersion54
81590view13:07, 21 August 2015ReactomeTeamVersion53
77050view08:35, 17 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
76755view12:11, 16 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
76080view10:14, 11 June 2014ReactomeTeamRe-fixing comment source
75790view11:32, 10 June 2014ReactomeTeamReactome 48 Update
75140view14:08, 8 May 2014AnweshaFixing comment source for displaying WikiPathways description
74831view10:05, 30 April 2014ReactomeTeamReactome46
74787view08:52, 30 April 2014ReactomeTeamNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

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NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
'canonical' WNT

target gene

transcripts		ComplexR-HSA-4411358 (Reactome)
'canonical' WNT target genesComplexR-HSA-4411390 (Reactome)
26S proteasomeComplexR-HSA-68819 (Reactome)
ADPMetaboliteCHEBI:16761 (ChEBI)
AES ProteinQ08117 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AESProteinQ08117 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AMER1 ProteinQ5JTC6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AMER1 geneGeneProductENSG00000184675 (Ensembl)
AMER1ProteinQ5JTC6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
APCProteinP25054 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ATPMetaboliteCHEBI:15422 (ChEBI)
AXIN1 ProteinO15169 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AXIN1 geneGeneProductENSG00000103126 (Ensembl)
AXIN1ProteinO15169 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AXIN2 gene ProteinENSG00000168646 (Ensembl)
AXIN2 mRNA ProteinENST00000307078 (Ensembl)
AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexComplexR-HSA-195250 (Reactome)
BTRC ProteinQ9Y297 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CSNK1A1 ProteinP48729 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CSNK1A1ProteinP48729 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CTBP1 ProteinQ13363 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CTBP2 ProteinP56545 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CTBPsComplexR-HSA-5333992 (Reactome)
CTNNB1 ProteinP35222 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CTNNB1-1 ProteinP35222-1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CUL1 ProteinQ13616 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FRAT1 ProteinQ92837 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FRAT1,2:GSK3betaComplexR-HSA-1226052 (Reactome)
FRAT2 ProteinO75474 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GSK3B ProteinP49841 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GSK3BProteinP49841 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HDAC1 ProteinQ13547 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HDAC1ProteinQ13547 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
K63polyUb-APC ProteinP25054 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
K63polyUb-APCProteinP25054 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
K63polyUbR-HSA-450152 (Reactome)
LEF1 ProteinQ9UJU2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PP2AComplexR-HSA-196206 (Reactome)
PPP2CA ProteinP67775 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PPP2CB ProteinP62714 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PPP2R1A ProteinP30153 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PPP2R1B ProteinP30154 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PPP2R5A ProteinQ15172 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PPP2R5B ProteinQ15173 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PPP2R5C ProteinQ13362 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PPP2R5D ProteinQ14738 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PPP2R5E ProteinQ16537 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMA1 ProteinP25786 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMA2 ProteinP25787 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMA3 ProteinP25788 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMA4 ProteinP25789 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMA5 ProteinP28066 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMA6 ProteinP60900 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMA7 ProteinO14818 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMA8 ProteinQ8TAA3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB1 ProteinP20618 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB10 ProteinP40306 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB11 ProteinA5LHX3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB2 ProteinP49721 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB3 ProteinP49720 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB4 ProteinP28070 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB5 ProteinP28074 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB6 ProteinP28072 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB7 ProteinQ99436 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB8 ProteinP28062 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMB9 ProteinP28065 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMC1 ProteinP62191 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMC2 ProteinP35998 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMC3 ProteinP17980 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMC4 ProteinP43686 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMC5 ProteinP62195 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMC6 ProteinP62333 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD1 ProteinQ99460 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD10 ProteinO75832 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD11 ProteinO00231 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD12 ProteinO00232 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD13 ProteinQ9UNM6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD14 ProteinO00487 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD2 ProteinQ13200 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD3 ProteinO43242 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD4 ProteinP55036 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD5 ProteinQ16401 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD6 ProteinQ15008 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD7 ProteinP51665 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD8 ProteinP48556 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMD9 ProteinO00233 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSME1 ProteinQ06323 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSME2 ProteinQ9UL46 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSME3 ProteinP61289 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSME4 ProteinQ14997 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PSMF1 ProteinQ92530 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RBX1 ProteinP62877 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RBX1:SKP1:CUL1:beta-TrCP1:phosphorylated beta-catenin complexComplexR-HSA-2130280 (Reactome) B-TrCP associates with phosphorylated beta-catenin through the B-TrCP WD40 repeat region. Currently, it is unclear whether the ubiquitin ligase binds beta-catenin after it leaves the complex. It is equally possible that it binds beta-catenin while beta-catenin is still bound to Axin.
RPS27A(1-76) ProteinP62979 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SCF beta-TrCP complexComplexR-HSA-206748 (Reactome)
SKP1 ProteinP63208 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TCF7 ProteinP36402 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TCF7L1 ProteinQ9HCS4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TCF7L2 ProteinQ9NQB0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TCF7L2/TCF7L1:CTBPsComplexR-HSA-5334048 (Reactome)
TCF7L2/TCF7L1ComplexR-HSA-5334046 (Reactome)
TLE tetramerComplexR-HSA-3299565 (Reactome)
TLE1 ProteinQ04724 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TLE2 ProteinQ04725 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TLE3 ProteinQ04726 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TLE4 ProteinQ04727 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TLE:AESComplexR-HSA-4649013 (Reactome)
TLE:HDAC1ComplexR-HSA-3772506 (Reactome)
TLEComplexR-HSA-4641228 (Reactome)
TLEComplexR-HSA-4649011 (Reactome)
UBA52(1-76) ProteinP62987 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBB(1-76) ProteinP0CG47 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBB(153-228) ProteinP0CG47 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBB(77-152) ProteinP0CG47 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBC(1-76) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBC(153-228) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBC(229-304) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBC(305-380) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBC(381-456) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBC(457-532) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBC(533-608) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBC(609-684) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBC(77-152) ProteinP0CG48 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UbComplexR-HSA-113595 (Reactome)
beta-catenin:p-AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexComplexR-HSA-195301 (Reactome)
beta-cateninComplexR-HSA-191727 (Reactome)
p-AXIN:CK1alpha:GSK3B:phospho-APC (20 aa repeat region):PP2A:AMER1 complexComplexR-HSA-196222 (Reactome) In this complex Axin is bound to beta-catenin.
p-AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexComplexR-HSA-3601577 (Reactome)
p-S33,S37,S45,T41-CTNNB1-1 ProteinP35222-1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-S33,S37,T41,S45-beta-catenin:p-AXIN:CK1alpha:GSK3B:phospho-ub-APC (20 aa repeat region):PP2A:AMER1 complexComplexR-HSA-195297 (Reactome) In this complex Axin is bound to beta-catenin.
p-S33,S37,T41,S45-beta-catenin:p-AXIN:CK1alpha:GSK3B:phospho-ub-APC (20 aa repeat region):PP2A:AMER1 complexComplexR-HSA-195322 (Reactome) In this form of the destruction complex, beta-catenin is no longer associated with Axin, but instead with phospho-(20aa) APC.
p-S33,S37,T41,S45-beta-catenin:p-AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexComplexR-HSA-195282 (Reactome)
p-S37,S45,T41-CTNNB1-1 ProteinP35222-1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-S37,T41,S45-beta-catenin:p-AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexComplexR-HSA-195305 (Reactome)
p-S45,T41-CTNNB1-1 ProteinP35222-1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-S45-CTNNB1-1 ProteinP35222-1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-T41,S45-beta-catenin:p-AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexComplexR-HSA-195313 (Reactome)
p-T519,S524,S531-AXIN1 ProteinO15169 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-ub-APC ProteinP25054 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
pS45-beta-catenin:p-Axin:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexComplexR-HSA-195277 (Reactome)
ubiquitinated phospho-beta-catenin:RBX1:SCF(beta-TrCP1) complexComplexR-HSA-2130284 (Reactome)
unknown ligaseR-HSA-5250898 (Reactome)

Annotated Interactions

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SourceTargetTypeDatabase referenceComment
'canonical' WNT

target gene

transcripts		ArrowR-HSA-5229348 (Reactome)
'canonical' WNT target genesR-HSA-5229348 (Reactome)
26S proteasomemim-catalysisR-HSA-2130282 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-195275 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-195283 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-195287 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-195300 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-195318 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-5229343 (Reactome)
AESR-HSA-4649028 (Reactome)
AMER1 geneR-HSA-5251557 (Reactome)
AMER1ArrowR-HSA-5251557 (Reactome)
AMER1R-HSA-195251 (Reactome)
APCR-HSA-5246693 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-195275 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-195283 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-195287 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-195300 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-195318 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-5229343 (Reactome)
AXIN1 geneR-HSA-5251555 (Reactome)
AXIN1ArrowR-HSA-5251555 (Reactome)
AXIN1R-HSA-195251 (Reactome)
AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexArrowR-HSA-195251 (Reactome)
AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexR-HSA-5229343 (Reactome)
AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexmim-catalysisR-HSA-5229343 (Reactome)
CSNK1A1R-HSA-195251 (Reactome)
CTBPsR-HSA-5334050 (Reactome)
FRAT1,2:GSK3betaTBarR-HSA-195283 (Reactome)
FRAT1,2:GSK3betaTBarR-HSA-195287 (Reactome)
FRAT1,2:GSK3betaTBarR-HSA-195300 (Reactome)
GSK3BR-HSA-195251 (Reactome)
HDAC1R-HSA-4641231 (Reactome)
K63polyUb-APCArrowR-HSA-5246693 (Reactome)
K63polyUb-APCR-HSA-195251 (Reactome)
K63polyUbR-HSA-5246693 (Reactome)
PP2AR-HSA-195251 (Reactome)
R-HSA-195251 (Reactome) The exact composition of the destruction complex is not known. A number of components appear to form a core complex, while others may associate with the complex transiently when a Wnt signal is present (reviewed in Kimelman and Xu, 2006). The core components include Axin, glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), Casein kinase 1 (CKI) alpha, beta-catenin, Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC). CK1 epsilon, Diversin and PP1 may also be components of the complex.
R-HSA-195275 (Reactome) APC is phosphorylated on the 20 aa repeats by CK1 and potentially GSK-3. This significantly increases the binding affinity of the APC 20 aa repeats for beta-catenin, causing one of them to bind b-catenin in the same region as beta-catenin binds Axin, thus displacing beta-catenin from Axin ( Step 5 above) (Reviewed in Kimelman, 2006).
R-HSA-195280 (Reactome) The phosphorylation of the 20 aa repeats in APC results in an increase in affinity for beta-catenin (Ha et al., 2004, Xing et al., 2004; Liu et al., 2006). The binding site of phospho -(20 aa) APC on beta-catenin overlaps the binding site of Axin on beta catenin. In addition, phosphorylated APC prevents the association of Axin with beta-catenin (Ha et al., 2004, Xing et al., 2004). In this model, phosphorylated APC may compete with Axin for beta-catenin binding, resulting in dissociation of the Axin:beta-catenin interaction in the destruction complex (see Kimelman and Xu 2006).
R-HSA-195283 (Reactome) Phospho-(Ser45, Thr41) beta-catenin is phosphorylated by GSK3 at Ser37.
R-HSA-195287 (Reactome) Following CKI-mediated phosphorylation at Ser45, beta-catenin is phosphorylated by GSK3 at Thr41.
R-HSA-195300 (Reactome) Beta-catenin is then phosphorylated at Ser33. Phosphorylated S37 and S33 together with neighboring residues constitute the recognition motif for beta-TrCP.
R-HSA-195304 (Reactome) Beta-catenin associates with the destruction complex through an interaction with Axin and or APC. This association may also involve interactions with the 15 aa repeats in APC (Spink et al., 2001) or the third APC 20aa repeat and its N-terminal flanking residues (Ha et al., 2004, Xing et al., 2004; Liu et al., 2006).
R-HSA-195318 (Reactome) CK1a binds to Axin and phosphorylates beta-catenin at Ser45 priming GSK3 mediated phosphorylation at the more N-terminal residues (Amit et al., 2002; Liu et al., 2002; Yanagawa et al., 2002).
R-HSA-2130279 (Reactome) B-TrCP associates with phosphorylated beta-catenin through the B-TrCP WD40 repeat region. Currently, it is unclear whether the ubiquitin ligase binds beta-catenin after it leaves the complex. It is equally possible that it binds beta-catenin while beta-catenin is still bound to Axin.
R-HSA-2130282 (Reactome) Ubiquitinated beta-catenin is degraded by the proteasome.
R-HSA-2130286 (Reactome) Beta-catenin is ubiquitinated by the SCF-B-TrCP1 complex.
R-HSA-4641229 (Reactome) TCF1, LEF1, TCF3 and TCF4 are HMG box-containing DNA-binding proteins that recognize WNT-responsive elements (WREs) in the promoters of WNT target genes (reviewed in Brantjes et al, 2002). In the absence of a WNT signal, promoter-bound TCF/LEF is bound by one of four Groucho homologues, TLE1, 2, 3 or 4 (Levanon et al, 1998; Brantjes et al, 2001; Daniels and Weis, 2005). Groucho/TLE proteins are co-repressors for a variety of DNA-binding transcription factors and mediate repression at least in part through their interaction with histone deacetylases such as RPD3/HDAC1 (Acre et al, 2009; Brantjes et al, 2001; Chen et al, 1999; reviewed in Chen and Courey, 2000). Groucho proteins have been shown to homo-tetramerize through a glutamine rich Q domain at the N-terminus, and this oligomerization is required for repression. The Q domain is also sufficient for interaction with TCF/LEF proteins (Brantjes et al, 2001; Chen et al, 1998; Pinto and Lobe, 1996; Song et al, 2004). Studies with purified proteins have shown that human TLE1 and 2 bind to an amino-terminal truncated form of LEF1(69-397) with an affinity comparable to that for full length LEF1 (Daniels and Weis, 2005).
R-HSA-4641231 (Reactome) Groucho/TLE mediates repression of WNT target genes in part by recruiting a histone deacetlyase to the promoter. The weakly conserved central GP domain of Groucho/TLE has been shown to interact with the histone deacetylase RPD3/HDAC1 (Brantjes et al, 2001; Chen et al, 1999). Knockdown of rpd3 in Drosophila cells, or treatment of human or Drosophila cells with the histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A significantly decreases repression of a Groucho/TLE dependent reporter gene, and Groucho and RPD3 have been shown to co-localize to chromatin of target genes by ChIP leading to deacetylation of H3K9, H3K14, K4K5, H4K8 and H4K12 (Chen et al, 1999; Choi et al 1999; Winkler et al, 2010).
R-HSA-4649028 (Reactome) AES is a naturally occuring truncated form of TLE that contains only the Q and GP domain. AES has been shown to have a dominant negative effect on TLE-mediated repression (Miyasaka et al, 1993; Roose et al, 1998; Ren et al, 1999; Swingler et al, 2004). AES is believed to form oligomers with full length TLE proteins mediated by the Q domains; because AES is unable to interact with HDAC1, these oligomers are thought to be non-functional (Muhr et al, 2001; Brantjes et al, 2001).
R-HSA-5229343 (Reactome) In the absence of WNT signal, AXIN is a phosphoprotein; candidate kinases include both GSK3beta and CK1 (Ikeda et al, 1998; Willert et al, 1999; Jho et al, 1999; Yamamoto et al, 1999; Luo et al, 2007). Phosphorylation of AXIN is thought to increase its binding affinity for beta-catenin and GSK3beta, stabilizing the destruction complex and promoting efficient degradation of beta-catenin (Willert et al, 1999; Jho et al, 1999; Luo et al, 2007). A more recent model suggests that AXIN phosphorylation may disrupt an intramolecular interaction between its DIX domain and the beta-catenin binding region, which would otherwise keep AXIN in a 'closed' inactive state (Kim et al, 2013). Activation of the WNT pathway upon ligand binding favours dephosphorylation of AXIN by inactivating the kinases and allowing the steady state dephosphorylation by candidate phosphatases PP2A and PP1 to predominate (Willert et al, 1999; Luo et al, 2007; reviewed in Saito-Diaz et al, 2013).
R-HSA-5229348 (Reactome) Transcription of WNT genes is repressed in the absence of WNT signal by TLE:HDAC complexes (reviewed in Cinnamon and Paroush, 2008; Saito-Diaz et al, 2013). Represssion may also be mediated by CTBP proteins binding to TCF7L1 and TCF7L3 (Duval et al, 2000; Cuilliere-Dartigues et al, 2006; Tang et al, 2008).
R-HSA-5246693 (Reactome) In unstimulated cells, APC is K63 polyubiquitinated in a manner that depends on its association with AXIN. Although the precise timing of APC polyubiquitination is unclear, it is disrupted by abrogation of GSK3 kinase activity and in the presence of phosphodegron mutants of beta-catenin, suggesting that the formation of a functional destruction complex is required. Destruction complex formation is also dependent upon AXIN levels, which may be regulated at least in part by the balance of its ubiquitination and sumoylation (Kim et al, 2008).
Upon WNT3A stimulation, APC K63 polyubiquitination is lost coincident with disruption of the APC-AXIN interaction (Tran and Polakis, 2012). Interestingly, another study has shown that DVL is K63 polyubiquitinated upon WNT signaling (Tauriello et al, 2010), suggesting a possible model in which WNT signaling promotes a change in AXIN-K63 polyubiquitin binding partner to destabilize the destruction complex and promote pathway activation. Alternately, APC K63 polyubiquitination may protect beta-catenin from PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation and thus favour its degradation (Su et al, 2008).
R-HSA-5251555 (Reactome) AXIN1 was first identified as the product of the mouse gene fused and has since been shown to have a key role in the degradation of beta-catenin by the destruction complex (Zeng et al, 1997; reviewed in Saito-Diaz et al, 2013). Deletion, missense and nonsense mutations that lead to activated WNT signaling have been identified in the AXIN1 gene in human cancers, making AXIN1 a tumor suppressor gene (reviewed in Salahshor and Woodgett, 2005).
R-HSA-5251557 (Reactome) AMER1 was identified as a gene mutated in a subset of Wilms tumors (Rivera et al, 2007) and the protein has been shown to be a component of the beta-catenin destruction complex (Major et al, 2007).
R-HSA-5334050 (Reactome) In addition to repressing WNT-dependent targets through Groucho/TLE proteins, some TCF/LEF transcription factors may also work by recruiting the CTBP1 and CTBP2 repressors (Duval et al, 2000). CTBP-binding regions are present in the 'E-form' splice variants of TCF7L2 and in TCF7L1 and in vitro interactions have been demonstrated in Xenopus and mammals, although the in vivo relevance of these interactions is unclear (Brannon et al, 1999; Valenta et al, 2003; Cuilliere-Dartigues et al, 2006; Tang et al, 2008; Hamada and Bienz, 2004). Abrogation of the interaction interface results in a loss of TCF-CTBP colocalization and increased expression of a TCF-dependent reporter gene (Cuilliere-Dartigues et al, 2006; Tang et al, 2008).
RBX1:SKP1:CUL1:beta-TrCP1:phosphorylated beta-catenin complexArrowR-HSA-2130279 (Reactome)
RBX1:SKP1:CUL1:beta-TrCP1:phosphorylated beta-catenin complexR-HSA-2130286 (Reactome)
SCF beta-TrCP complexArrowR-HSA-2130282 (Reactome)
SCF beta-TrCP complexR-HSA-2130279 (Reactome)
TCF7L2/TCF7L1:CTBPsArrowR-HSA-5334050 (Reactome)
TCF7L2/TCF7L1:CTBPsTBarR-HSA-5229348 (Reactome)
TCF7L2/TCF7L1R-HSA-5334050 (Reactome)
TLE tetramerArrowR-HSA-4641229 (Reactome)
TLE tetramerR-HSA-4641231 (Reactome)
TLE:AESArrowR-HSA-4649028 (Reactome)
TLE:HDAC1ArrowR-HSA-4641231 (Reactome)
TLE:HDAC1TBarR-HSA-5229348 (Reactome)
TLER-HSA-4641229 (Reactome)
TLER-HSA-4649028 (Reactome)
UbArrowR-HSA-2130282 (Reactome)
UbR-HSA-2130286 (Reactome)
beta-catenin:p-AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexArrowR-HSA-195304 (Reactome)
beta-catenin:p-AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexR-HSA-195318 (Reactome)
beta-catenin:p-AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexmim-catalysisR-HSA-195318 (Reactome)
beta-cateninR-HSA-195304 (Reactome)
p-AXIN:CK1alpha:GSK3B:phospho-APC (20 aa repeat region):PP2A:AMER1 complexArrowR-HSA-2130282 (Reactome)
p-AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexArrowR-HSA-5229343 (Reactome)
p-AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexR-HSA-195304 (Reactome)
p-S33,S37,T41,S45-beta-catenin:p-AXIN:CK1alpha:GSK3B:phospho-ub-APC (20 aa repeat region):PP2A:AMER1 complexArrowR-HSA-195275 (Reactome)
p-S33,S37,T41,S45-beta-catenin:p-AXIN:CK1alpha:GSK3B:phospho-ub-APC (20 aa repeat region):PP2A:AMER1 complexArrowR-HSA-195280 (Reactome)
p-S33,S37,T41,S45-beta-catenin:p-AXIN:CK1alpha:GSK3B:phospho-ub-APC (20 aa repeat region):PP2A:AMER1 complexR-HSA-195280 (Reactome)
p-S33,S37,T41,S45-beta-catenin:p-AXIN:CK1alpha:GSK3B:phospho-ub-APC (20 aa repeat region):PP2A:AMER1 complexR-HSA-2130279 (Reactome)
p-S33,S37,T41,S45-beta-catenin:p-AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexArrowR-HSA-195300 (Reactome)
p-S33,S37,T41,S45-beta-catenin:p-AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexR-HSA-195275 (Reactome)
p-S33,S37,T41,S45-beta-catenin:p-AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexmim-catalysisR-HSA-195275 (Reactome)
p-S37,T41,S45-beta-catenin:p-AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexArrowR-HSA-195283 (Reactome)
p-S37,T41,S45-beta-catenin:p-AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexR-HSA-195300 (Reactome)
p-S37,T41,S45-beta-catenin:p-AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexmim-catalysisR-HSA-195300 (Reactome)
p-T41,S45-beta-catenin:p-AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexArrowR-HSA-195287 (Reactome)
p-T41,S45-beta-catenin:p-AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexR-HSA-195283 (Reactome)
p-T41,S45-beta-catenin:p-AXIN:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexmim-catalysisR-HSA-195283 (Reactome)
pS45-beta-catenin:p-Axin:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexArrowR-HSA-195318 (Reactome)
pS45-beta-catenin:p-Axin:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexR-HSA-195287 (Reactome)
pS45-beta-catenin:p-Axin:GSK3:CK1alpha:ub-APC:PP2A:AMER1 complexmim-catalysisR-HSA-195287 (Reactome)
ubiquitinated phospho-beta-catenin:RBX1:SCF(beta-TrCP1) complexArrowR-HSA-2130286 (Reactome)
ubiquitinated phospho-beta-catenin:RBX1:SCF(beta-TrCP1) complexR-HSA-2130282 (Reactome)
unknown ligasemim-catalysisR-HSA-5246693 (Reactome)
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