Erythrocytes take up oxygen and release carbon dioxide (Homo sapiens)

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2, 3, 416, 11, 14, 17, 35...13, 21, 30, 32, 368, 10, 291, 12, 16, 18-20, 22...21, 30, 434, 5, 7, 15, 23...cytosolCO2OxyHbAO2H2OHCO3-Cl-CO2H2OH+RHAGCl-N-seryl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine-CA4 SLC4A1 dimerH+SLC4A1 CA4:Zn2+CO-H+-HBB heme AQP1 Protonated CarbaminoDeoxyHbACA2 CA1 Zn2+ HBA1 HBB heme CA1,2CO-H+-HBA1 Zn2+ O2 HCO3-AQP1 tetramer28, 38, 399, 27, 3342


Description

Erythrocytes circulating through the capillaries of the lung must exchange carbon dioxide (CO2) for oxygen (O2) during their short (0.5-1 sec.) transit time in pulmonary tissue (Reviewed in Jensen 2004, Esbaugh and Tufts 2006, Boron 2010). CO2 bound as carbamate to the N-terminus of hemoglobin and protons (H+) bound to histidine residues in hemoglobin are released as hemoglobin (HbA) binds O2. Bicarbonate (HCO3-) present in plasma is taken up by erythrocytes via the band3 anion exchanger (AE1, SLC4A1) and combined with H+ by carbonic anhydrases I and II (CA1/CA2) to yield water and CO2 (Reviewed by Esbaugh and Tufts 2006). CO2 is passively transported out of the erythrocyte by AQP1 and RhAG. HCO3- in plasma is also directly dehydrated by extracellular carbonic anhydrase IV (CA4) present on endothelial cells lining the capillaries in the lung. View original pathway at:Reactome.

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Bibliography

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History

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CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
114973view16:50, 25 January 2021ReactomeTeamReactome version 75
113417view11:49, 2 November 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 74
112619view15:59, 9 October 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 73
101535view11:40, 1 November 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 66
101070view21:22, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 65
100600view19:56, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 64
100151view16:42, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 63
99701view15:10, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62 (2nd attempt)
99285view12:46, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62
93845view13:40, 16 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
93402view11:22, 9 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
87442view13:40, 22 July 2016MkutmonOntology Term : 'classic metabolic pathway' added !
86488view09:19, 11 July 2016ReactomeTeamreactome version 56
83368view11:01, 18 November 2015ReactomeTeamVersion54
81750view09:50, 26 August 2015ReactomeTeamVersion53
76878view08:15, 17 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
76583view11:56, 16 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
75916view09:57, 11 June 2014ReactomeTeamRe-fixing comment source
75616view10:48, 10 June 2014ReactomeTeamReactome 48 Update
74971view13:49, 8 May 2014AnweshaFixing comment source for displaying WikiPathways description
74615view08:40, 30 April 2014ReactomeTeamNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
AQP1 ProteinP29972 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
AQP1 tetramerComplexR-HSA-432246 (Reactome)
CA1 ProteinP00915 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CA1,2ComplexR-HSA-1475437 (Reactome)
CA2 ProteinP00918 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CA4:Zn2+ComplexR-HSA-1237308 (Reactome)
CO-H+-HBA1 ProteinP69905 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CO-H+-HBB ProteinP68871 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CO2MetaboliteCHEBI:16526 (ChEBI)
Cl-MetaboliteCHEBI:17996 (ChEBI)
H+MetaboliteCHEBI:15378 (ChEBI)
H2OMetaboliteCHEBI:15377 (ChEBI)
HBA1 ProteinP69905 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HBB ProteinP68871 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HCO3-MetaboliteCHEBI:17544 (ChEBI)
N-seryl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine-CA4 ProteinP22748 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
O2 MetaboliteCHEBI:15379 (ChEBI)
O2MetaboliteCHEBI:15379 (ChEBI)
OxyHbAComplexR-HSA-1237320 (Reactome)
Protonated Carbamino DeoxyHbAComplexR-HSA-1237312 (Reactome)
RHAGProteinQ02094 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SLC4A1 ProteinP02730 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SLC4A1 dimerComplexR-HSA-1244330 (Reactome)
Zn2+ MetaboliteCHEBI:29105 (ChEBI)
heme MetaboliteCHEBI:17627 (ChEBI)

Annotated Interactions

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SourceTargetTypeDatabase referenceComment
AQP1 tetramermim-catalysisR-HSA-1247649 (Reactome)
CA1,2mim-catalysisR-HSA-1475436 (Reactome)
CA4:Zn2+mim-catalysisR-HSA-1237059 (Reactome)
CO2ArrowR-HSA-1237059 (Reactome)
CO2ArrowR-HSA-1247645 (Reactome)
CO2ArrowR-HSA-1247649 (Reactome)
CO2ArrowR-HSA-1247668 (Reactome)
CO2ArrowR-HSA-1475436 (Reactome)
CO2R-HSA-1247645 (Reactome)
CO2R-HSA-1247649 (Reactome)
Cl-ArrowR-HSA-1247665 (Reactome)
Cl-R-HSA-1247665 (Reactome)
H+ArrowR-HSA-1247668 (Reactome)
H+R-HSA-1237059 (Reactome)
H+R-HSA-1475436 (Reactome)
H2OArrowR-HSA-1237059 (Reactome)
H2OArrowR-HSA-1475436 (Reactome)
HCO3-ArrowR-HSA-1247665 (Reactome)
HCO3-R-HSA-1237059 (Reactome)
HCO3-R-HSA-1247665 (Reactome)
HCO3-R-HSA-1475436 (Reactome)
O2R-HSA-1247668 (Reactome)
OxyHbAArrowR-HSA-1247668 (Reactome)
Protonated Carbamino DeoxyHbAR-HSA-1247668 (Reactome)
R-HSA-1237059 (Reactome) Carbonic anhydrase IV (CA4) located on the extracellular face of the plasma membrane (Wistrand et al. 1999) dehydrates bicarbonate (HCO3--) to yield water and carbon dioxide (CO2) (Zhu & Sly 1990, Okayuma et al. 1992, Baird et al. 1997, Innocenti et al. 2004, reviewed in Lindskog 1997). Depending on the concentrations of reactants the reaction is reversible.
R-HSA-1247645 (Reactome) The Rhesus blood group type A glycoprotein (RhAG) passively transports carbon dioxide (CO2) across the plasma membrane according to the concentration gradient (Endeward et al. 2006, Endeward et al. 2008, Musa-Aziz et al. 2009).
R-HSA-1247649 (Reactome) Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) passively transports carbon dioxide (CO2) across the plasma membrane according to the concentration gradient (Nakhoul et al. 1998, Blank & Ehmke et al. 2003, Endeward et al. 2006, Musa-Aziz et al. 2009). The pore in AQP1 that conducts CO2 may be distinct from the pore that conducts water.
R-HSA-1247665 (Reactome) The band 3 anion exchange protein (AE1, SLC4A1) exchanges chloride (Cl-) for bicarbonate (HCO3-) across the plasma membrane according to the concentration gradients of the anions (Knauf et al. 1996, Dahl et al. 2003). SLC4A1 may be part of a complex ("metabolon") with carbonic anhydrase II (CA2) which would facilitate the transport of HCO3- (Sterling et al. 2001).
R-HSA-1247668 (Reactome) The binding of oxygen (O2) to hemoglobin (HbA) decreases the affinity of HbA for protons (H+) bound at histidine residues and carbon dioxide (CO2) bound chemically as a carbamate at the N-terminus of the HbA (Ferguson and Roughton 1934, Kernohan & Roughton 1968, Klocke 1973, Morrow et al. 1973, Morrow et al. 1976, Tazawa et al. 1983, Kraan & Rispens 1985, Doyle et al. 1987, Mertzlufft & Brandt 1989, Kalhoff et al.1994, Dash & Bassingthwaighte 2010, reviewed in Jensen 2004). This property of HbA is known as the Haldane Effect and facilitates the exchange of CO2 for O2 in the lungs.
R-HSA-1475436 (Reactome) Carbonic anhydrase I (CA1, Khalifah 1971, Pesando 1975, Simonsson et al. 1982, Ren & Lindskog 1992) and carbonic anhydrase II (CA2, Tibell et al. 1984, Jones & Shaw 1983, Ghannam et al. 1986) hydrate carbon dioxide (CO2) to yield bicarbonate (HCO3-) and a proton (H+). During the reaction a hydroxyl group bound by the zinc ion (Zn2+) attacks the CO2 molecule in the active site to directly form HCO3- (reviewed in Lindskog 1997). The HCO3- is displaced by water, which is then deprotonated by a histidine residue to recreate the Zn2+:hydroxyl group. Depending on the concentrations of reactants the reaction is reversible.
RHAGmim-catalysisR-HSA-1247645 (Reactome)
SLC4A1 dimermim-catalysisR-HSA-1247665 (Reactome)
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