Polyol pathway (Rattus norvegicus)

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1-3glycolysisglycolysisD-GlucoseSORDAkr1b1KhkFructose 1-phosphateD-FructoseAldobGlyceraldehydeDihydroxyacetone phosphateSorbitolD-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate


Description

When glucose is unused, it is metabolized via the polyol pathway. This pathway consists of two main enzymatic steps. First, glucose is reduced to sorbitol by aldose reductase. In this step, NADPH is oxidized to NADP+. The next step is the oxidation of sorbitol to D-fructose by sorbitol dehydrogenase.

Fructose can then be phosphorylated by fructokinase and subsequently be metabolized via dihydroxyacetone phosphate or glyceraldehyde to D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, which can be used as a substrate in the process of glycolysis.

The sorbitol pathway plays a role in diabetic renal complications because aldose reductase metabolizes the excess of glucose to toxic metabolites that induce hyperfiltration and glomerular dysfunction.

Comments

HomologyConvert 
This pathway was inferred from Homo sapiens pathway WP690(r29659) with a 75% conversion rate.

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Bibliography

  1. Dunlop M; ''Aldose reductase and the role of the polyol pathway in diabetic nephropathy.''; Kidney Int Suppl, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  2. Brownlee M; ''Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications.''; Nature, 2001 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  3. Tolan DR; ''Molecular basis of hereditary fructose intolerance: mutations and polymorphisms in the human aldolase B gene.''; Hum Mutat, 1995 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

View all...
CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
106959view13:42, 17 September 2019MaintBotHMDB identifier normalization
94668view13:30, 4 October 2017AgustinGVOntology Term : 'epithelial cell of proximal tubule' added !
94667view13:26, 4 October 2017AgustinGVOntology Term : 'Cell Type' added !
69393view18:58, 8 July 2013MaintBotUpdated to 2013 gpml schema
67601view11:31, 26 June 2013DdiglesOntology Term : 'glucose utilization pathway' added !
58956view18:27, 21 February 2013MaintBotUpdated Ensembl and UniProt data source
41711view02:37, 2 March 2011MaintBotRemoved redundant pathway information and comments
34090view19:16, 9 December 2009MaintBotAutomatic update of empty xrefs
32756view23:37, 3 September 2009MaintBotModified categories
30997view00:58, 30 July 2009MaintBotNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
Akr1b1GeneProduct24192 (Entrez Gene)
AldobGeneProductENSRNOG00000006807 (Ensembl)
D-FructoseMetaboliteHMDB0000660 (HMDB)
D-GlucoseMetaboliteHMDB0000122 (HMDB)
D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphateMetaboliteHMDB0001112 (HMDB)
Dihydroxyacetone phosphateMetaboliteHMDB0001473 (HMDB)
Fructose 1-phosphateMetaboliteHMDB0001076 (HMDB)
GlyceraldehydeMetaboliteHMDB0001051 (HMDB)
KhkGeneProductENSRNOG00000008047 (Ensembl)
SORDGeneProduct24788 (Entrez Gene)
SorbitolMetaboliteHMDB0000247 (HMDB)

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions
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