Neuroinflammation and glutamatergic signaling (Homo sapiens)
From WikiPathways
Description
Pre-synaptic neurons release glutamate, which acts on various receptors (kainate, metabotropic, AMPA and NMDA), thereby regulating LTP, LDP, neuronal survival and proliferation. Glutamate retro-signaling negatively regulates its exocytotic release. The remainder of glutamate is taken up by astrocytes through EAAT1-4. Glutamine is generated from blood-derived glucose, transported to pre-synaptic neurons and converted into glutamate. Alternatively, glucose is converted into D-serine, which functions as co-agonist for NMDARs and is broken down by DAAO. CNS inflammation induces M1 and M2 microglia, which modulate neuronal and astrocyte function.
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Bibliography
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History
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External references
DataNodes
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Name | Type | Database reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
1,2-diglycerides | Metabolite | CHEBI:49172 (ChEBI) | |
1,3-diglycerides | Metabolite | CHEBI:47777 (ChEBI) | |
2-ketoglutarate | Metabolite | CHEBI:16810 (ChEBI) | |
2-oxoglutarate | Metabolite | CHEBI:16810 (ChEBI) | |
3-Phosphoserine | Metabolite | CHEBI:37712 (ChEBI) | |
3PG | Metabolite | CHEBI:17138 (ChEBI) | |
AATC | Protein | A0A140VK69 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
ADCY1 | GeneProduct | 107 (Entrez Gene) | |
ADCY3 | GeneProduct | ADCY3 (HGNC) | |
ADCY8 | GeneProduct | 114 (Entrez Gene) | |
AKT1 | GeneProduct | 207 (Entrez Gene) | |
ARC | GeneProduct | 23237 (Entrez Gene) | |
Acetyl-CoA | Metabolite | HMDB01206 (HMDB) | |
Apoptosis | Pathway | WP254 (WikiPathways) | |
BCL2 | GeneProduct | 596 (Entrez Gene) | |
BDNF | GeneProduct | 627 (Entrez Gene) | |
CALM1 | GeneProduct | 801 (Entrez Gene) | |
CAMK2A | GeneProduct | 815 (Entrez Gene) | |
CAMK2B | GeneProduct | 816 (Entrez Gene) | |
CAMK2D | GeneProduct | CAMK2D (HGNC) | |
CAMK2G | GeneProduct | CAMK2G (HGNC) | |
CAMK4 | GeneProduct | 814 (Entrez Gene) | |
CAMKK1 | GeneProduct | 84254 (Entrez Gene) | |
CAMKK2 | GeneProduct | 10645 (Entrez Gene) | |
CFL1 | GeneProduct | 1072 (Entrez Gene) | |
CNTF | GeneProduct | 1270 (Entrez Gene) | |
CREB1 | GeneProduct | 1385 (Entrez Gene) | |
Ca2+ | Metabolite | CHEBI:29108 (ChEBI) | |
Cell Survival | Pathway | Q70690408 (Wikidata) | |
Cell survival | Pathway | Q70690408 (Wikidata) | |
D-serine | Metabolite | CHEBI:35247 (ChEBI) | |
DAO | GeneProduct | 1610 (Entrez Gene) | |
DISC1 | GeneProduct | 27185 (Entrez Gene) | |
DLAT | GeneProduct | 1737 (Entrez Gene) | |
DLD | GeneProduct | 1738 (Entrez Gene) | |
Depolarisation | Pathway | Q14864044 (Wikidata) | |
FGF2 | GeneProduct | 2247 (Entrez Gene) | |
FOS | GeneProduct | 2353 (Entrez Gene) | |
GFAP | GeneProduct | 2670 (Entrez Gene) | |
GLS2 | GeneProduct | 27165 (Entrez Gene) | |
GLS | GeneProduct | 2744 (Entrez Gene) | |
GRIA1 | GeneProduct | 2890 (Entrez Gene) | |
GRIA2 | GeneProduct | 2891 (Entrez Gene) | |
GRIA3 | GeneProduct | 2892 (Entrez Gene) | |
GRIA4 | GeneProduct | 2893 (Entrez Gene) | |
GRIK1 | GeneProduct | 2897 (Entrez Gene) | |
GRIK2 | GeneProduct | 2898 (Entrez Gene) | |
GRIK3 | GeneProduct | 2899 (Entrez Gene) | |
GRIK4 | GeneProduct | 2900 (Entrez Gene) | |
GRIK5 | GeneProduct | 2901 (Entrez Gene) | |
GRIN1 | GeneProduct | 2902 (Entrez Gene) | |
GRIN2A | GeneProduct | 2903 (Entrez Gene) | |
GRIN2B | GeneProduct | 2904 (Entrez Gene) | |
GRIN2C | GeneProduct | 2905 (Entrez Gene) | |
GRIN2D | GeneProduct | 2906 (Entrez Gene) | |
GRIN3A | GeneProduct | 116443 (Entrez Gene) | |
GRIN3B | GeneProduct | 116444 (Entrez Gene) | |
GRM1 | GeneProduct | 2911 (Entrez Gene) | |
GRM2 | GeneProduct | 2912 (Entrez Gene) | |
GRM4 | GeneProduct | 2914 (Entrez Gene) | |
GRM5 | GeneProduct | 2915 (Entrez Gene) | |
GRM7 | GeneProduct | 2917 (Entrez Gene) | |
GRM8 | GeneProduct | 2918 (Entrez Gene) | |
GS | Protein | P15104 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
GeneProduct | GeneProduct | ||
Glycine | Metabolite | HMDB00123 (HMDB) | |
Glycolysis | Pathway | WP534 (WikiPathways) | |
H+ | Metabolite | CHEBI:15378 (ChEBI) | |
H2O2 | Metabolite | CHEBI:16240 (ChEBI) | |
IFNG | GeneProduct | 3458 (Entrez Gene) | |
IFNGR1 | GeneProduct | 3459 (Entrez Gene) | |
IFNGR2 | GeneProduct | 3460 (Entrez Gene) | |
IGF1 | GeneProduct | 3479 (Entrez Gene) | |
IL10 | GeneProduct | 3586 (Entrez Gene) | |
IL10RA | GeneProduct | 3587 (Entrez Gene) | |
IL10RB | GeneProduct | 3588 (Entrez Gene) | |
IL12A | GeneProduct | 3592 (Entrez Gene) | |
IL12B | GeneProduct | 3593 (Entrez Gene) | |
IL13 | GeneProduct | 3596 (Entrez Gene) | |
IL13RA1 | GeneProduct | 3597 (Entrez Gene) | |
IL1A | GeneProduct | 3552 (Entrez Gene) | |
IL1B | GeneProduct | 3553 (Entrez Gene) | |
IL1R1 | GeneProduct | 3554 (Entrez Gene) | |
IL1R2 | GeneProduct | 7850 (Entrez Gene) | |
IL4 | GeneProduct | 3565 (Entrez Gene) | |
IL4R | GeneProduct | 3566 (Entrez Gene) | |
IL6 | GeneProduct | 3569 (Entrez Gene) | |
IL6R | GeneProduct | 3570 (Entrez Gene) | |
IL6ST | GeneProduct | 3572 (Entrez Gene) | |
INSR | GeneProduct | 3643 (Entrez Gene) | |
IRS1 | GeneProduct | 3667 (Entrez Gene) | |
JAK1 | GeneProduct | 3716 (Entrez Gene) | |
L-Aspartate | Metabolite | ||
L-glutamate | Metabolite | CHEBI:29985 (ChEBI) | |
L-serine | Metabolite | CHEBI:17115 (ChEBI) | |
LIF | GeneProduct | 3976 (Entrez Gene) | |
LPS | Metabolite | CHEBI:16412 (ChEBI) | |
LRRC8A | GeneProduct | 56262 (Entrez Gene) | |
LRRC8B | GeneProduct | 23507 (Entrez Gene) | |
LRRC8C | GeneProduct | 84230 (Entrez Gene) | |
LRRC8D | GeneProduct | 55144 (Entrez Gene) | |
LRRC8E | GeneProduct | 80131 (Entrez Gene) | |
LTA | GeneProduct | 4049 (Entrez Gene) | |
Long term depression | Pathway | ||
Long-term potentiation | Pathway | Q1805481 (Wikidata) | |
MAPK Signaling Pathway | Pathway | WP382 (WikiPathways) | |
MAPK1 | GeneProduct | 5594 (Entrez Gene) | |
MAPK3 | GeneProduct | 5595 (Entrez Gene) | |
Metabolite | Metabolite | ||
Mg2+ | Metabolite | CHEBI:18420 (ChEBI) | |
NAD+ | Metabolite | CHEBI:15846 (ChEBI) | |
NADH | Metabolite | CHEBI:16908 (ChEBI) | |
NFKB1 | GeneProduct | 4790 (Entrez Gene) | |
NFKB2 | GeneProduct | 4791 (Entrez Gene) | |
NGF | GeneProduct | 4803 (Entrez Gene) | |
NH3(+) | Metabolite | CHEBI:29421 (ChEBI) | |
NOS1 | GeneProduct | 4842 (Entrez Gene) | |
NSMF | GeneProduct | 26012 (Entrez Gene) | Synonym: Jacob |
Neuroprotection | Pathway | Q1981368 (Wikidata) | |
PDHA1 | GeneProduct | 5160 (Entrez Gene) | |
PHGDH | GeneProduct | 26227 (Entrez Gene) | |
PHP | Metabolite | CHEBI:18110 (ChEBI) | |
PI3K/AKT signaling | Pathway | WP2653 (WikiPathways) | |
PLCB1 | GeneProduct | 23236 (Entrez Gene) | |
PLCB2 | GeneProduct | 5330 (Entrez Gene) | |
PLCB3 | GeneProduct | 5331 (Entrez Gene) | |
PLCB4 | GeneProduct | 5332 (Entrez Gene) | |
PP3 | Metabolite | Q27088431 (Wikidata) | |
PPP1CA | GeneProduct | 5499 (Entrez Gene) | |
PPP1CB | GeneProduct | 5500 (Entrez Gene) | |
PPP1CC | GeneProduct | 5501 (Entrez Gene) | |
PRKACA | GeneProduct | 5566 (Entrez Gene) | |
PRKCA | GeneProduct | 5578 (Entrez Gene) | |
PRKCB | GeneProduct | 5579 (Entrez Gene) | |
PRKCG | GeneProduct | 5582 (Entrez Gene) | |
PSAT1 | GeneProduct | 29968 (Entrez Gene) | |
PSPH | GeneProduct | 5723 (Entrez Gene) | |
Pathway | Pathway | ||
SHMT1 | GeneProduct | 6470 (Entrez Gene) | |
SHMT2 | GeneProduct | 6472 (Entrez Gene) | |
SLC17A6 | GeneProduct | SLC17A6 (HGNC) | |
SLC17A7 | GeneProduct | 57030 (Entrez Gene) | |
SLC1A1 | GeneProduct | 6505 (Entrez Gene) | |
SLC1A2 | GeneProduct | 6506 (Entrez Gene) | |
SLC1A3 | GeneProduct | 6507 (Entrez Gene) | |
SLC1A4 | GeneProduct | 6509 (Entrez Gene) | |
SLC1A6 | GeneProduct | 6511 (Entrez Gene) | |
SLC2A1 | GeneProduct | 6513 (Entrez Gene) | |
SLC2A3 | GeneProduct | 6515 (Entrez Gene) | |
SLC38A1 | GeneProduct | 81539 (Entrez Gene) | |
SLC38A2 | GeneProduct | 54407 (Entrez Gene) | |
SLC38A3 | GeneProduct | 10991 (Entrez Gene) | |
SLC38A5 | GeneProduct | 92745 (Entrez Gene) | |
SLC6A9 | GeneProduct | 6536 (Entrez Gene) | |
SLC7A10 | GeneProduct | 56301 (Entrez Gene) | |
SMAD2 | GeneProduct | 4087 (Entrez Gene) | |
SMAD3 | GeneProduct | 4088 (Entrez Gene) | |
SMAD4 | GeneProduct | 4089 (Entrez Gene) | |
SMAD7 | GeneProduct | 4092 (Entrez Gene) | |
SOCS3 | GeneProduct | 9021 (Entrez Gene) | |
SRR | GeneProduct | 63826 (Entrez Gene) | |
STAT1 | GeneProduct | 6772 (Entrez Gene) | |
STAT3 | GeneProduct | 6774 (Entrez Gene) | |
STAT6 | GeneProduct | 6778 (Entrez Gene) | |
TCA cycle | Pathway | WP78 (WikiPathways) | |
TGFB1 | GeneProduct | 7040 (Entrez Gene) | |
TGFB2 | GeneProduct | 7042 (Entrez Gene) | |
TGFB3 | GeneProduct | 7043 (Entrez Gene) | |
TGFBR1 | GeneProduct | 7046 (Entrez Gene) | |
TGFBR2 | GeneProduct | TGFBR2 (HGNC) | |
TGFBR3 | GeneProduct | 7049 (Entrez Gene) | |
TNF | GeneProduct | 7124 (Entrez Gene) | |
TNFRSF1A | GeneProduct | 7132 (Entrez Gene) | |
TNFRSF1B | GeneProduct | 7133 (Entrez Gene) | |
TRAF5 | GeneProduct | 7188 (Entrez Gene) | |
TRPM4 | GeneProduct | 54795 (Entrez Gene) | |
cAMP | Metabolite | CHEBI:17489 (ChEBI) | |
glucose | Metabolite | CHEBI:17234 (ChEBI) | |
glutamate | Metabolite | CHEBI:14321 (ChEBI) | |
glutamine | Metabolite | CHEBI:28300 (ChEBI) | |
nitric oxide | Metabolite | CHEBI:16480 (ChEBI) | |
pyruvate | Metabolite | CHEBI:15361 (ChEBI) | |
superoxide | Metabolite | CHEBI:18421 (ChEBI) |
Annotated Interactions
No annotated interactions