Metabolic epileptic disorders (Homo sapiens)
From WikiPathways
Description
A network pathway of nine metabolic epileptic disorders. (1) Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy is a type of metabolic disease that is caused by a group of inborn errors affecting the metabolism of vitamin B6. The most common form of this disorder is known as antiquitin deficiency, which arises due to mutations in ALDH7A1, a gene that encodes for the enzyme antiquitin. This enzyme plays a crucial role in the breakdown of lysine. (2) Inherited deficiency of biotinidase or holocarboxylase synthetase, which are responsible for recycling or utilizing biotin, can lead to disruptions in the activities of carboxylases. As a result, the metabolic pathways of amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids may become impaired. These enzymes (3) Glut-1 deficiency syndrome arises from a mutation in the SLC2A1 gene, which encodes GLUT-1 protein. This disorder impairs the transport of glucose across the blood-brain barrier, leading to reduced glucose availability in the brain. Insufficient glucose supply can disrupt neuronal activity and trigger seizures. Following a ketogenic diet, which relies on alternative energy sources like ketones, may help alleviate the symptoms of glut-1 deficiency syndrome. (4) Citrate transporter deficiency is a genetic disorder that follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. It is caused by mutations in the SLC13A5 gene, which lead to a loss of function in the NaCT (sodium chloride citrate cotransporter) protein. Citrate is produced in the mitochondria as part of the Tricarboxylic Acid cycle (TCA cycle) (5) Non-ketonic hyperglycemia is characterized by high blood levels of ammonia and low blood sugar levels. It is caused by mutations in genes involved in glucose metabolism. The imbalance in ammonia and glucose levels can result in seizures, as both ammonia and glucose play critical roles in brain function (6) Serine deficiency disorders, including 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency (3-PGDH deficiency) and phosphoserine aminotransferase deficiency (PSAT deficiency), disrupt the synthesis and metabolism of the amino acid serine. (7) Citrullinemia type 1 affects the urea cycle, a metabolic pathway involved in the elimination of ammonia from the body. Mutations in the ASS1 gene impair the conversion of the amino acid arginine to ornithine, leading to the accumulation of ammonia. Elevated ammonia levels can have neurotoxic effects, causing seizures and other neurological complications. (8) Creatine deficiency syndromes result in reduced levels of creatine in the brain. Creatine plays a crucial role in energy metabolism, particularly in tissues with high energy demands like the brain. Lastly, (9) molybdenum cofactor deficiency can be characterized by the impaired synthesis and/or function of molybdenum cofactor; an essential component of several enzymes involved in various metabolic pathways. This deficiency affects the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids and neurotransmitters.
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Bibliography
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- Tan M, Mosaoa R, Graham GT, Kasprzyk-Pawelec A, Gadre S, Parasido E, Catalina-Rodriguez O, Foley P, Giaccone G, Cheema A, Kallakury B, Albanese C, Yi C, Avantaggiati ML; ''Inhibition of the mitochondrial citrate carrier, Slc25a1, reverts steatosis, glucose intolerance, and inflammation in preclinical models of NAFLD/NASH.''; Cell Death Differ, 2020 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Alonzo Martínez MC, Cazorla E, Cánovas E, Anniuk K, Cores AE, Serrano AM; ''Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency: Mega Cisterna Magna in Two Consecutive Pregnancies and Review of the Literature.''; Appl Clin Genet, 2020 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Mayr SJ, Mendel RR, Schwarz G; ''Molybdenum cofactor biology, evolution and deficiency.''; Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res, 2021 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Rao KS, Albro M, Dwyer TM, Frerman FE; ''Kinetic mechanism of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase.''; Biochemistry, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- van der Crabben SN, Verhoeven-Duif NM, Brilstra EH, Van Maldergem L, Coskun T, Rubio-Gozalbo E, Berger R, de Koning TJ; ''An update on serine deficiency disorders.''; J Inherit Metab Dis, 2013 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Bennett MJ, Russell LK, Tokunaga C, Narayan SB, Tan L, Seegmiller A, Boriack RL, Strauss AW; ''Reye-like syndrome resulting from novel missense mutations in mitochondrial medium- and short-chain l-3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.''; Mol Genet Metab, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
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- Majd H, King MS, Smith AC, Kunji ERS; ''Pathogenic mutations of the human mitochondrial citrate carrier SLC25A1 lead to impaired citrate export required for lipid, dolichol, ubiquinone and sterol synthesis.''; Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg, 2018 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- ''''; https://www.wikipathways.org/pathways/WP534.html,
- Stone WL, Basit H, Jaishankar GB; ''Urea Cycle Disorders.''; , 2023 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
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- Saleem H, Simpson B; ''Biotinidase Deficiency.''; , 2023 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Bricker DK, Taylor EB, Schell JC, Orsak T, Boutron A, Chen YC, Cox JE, Cardon CM, Van Vranken JG, Dephoure N, Redin C, Boudina S, Gygi SP, Brivet M, Thummel CS, Rutter J; ''A mitochondrial pyruvate carrier required for pyruvate uptake in yeast, Drosophila, and humans.''; Science, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Kalhan SC, Hanson RW; ''Resurgence of serine: an often neglected but indispensable amino Acid.''; J Biol Chem, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
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- Osmanovic A, Gogol I, Martens H, Widjaja M, Müller K, Schreiber-Katz O, Feuerhake F, Langhans CD, Schmidt G, Andersen PM, Ludolph AC, Weishaupt JH, Brand F, Petri S, Weber RG; ''Heterozygous DHTKD1 Variants in Two European Cohorts of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients.''; Genes (Basel), 2021 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
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- Sharer JD, Bodamer O, Longo N, Tortorelli S, Wamelink MM, Young S; ''Laboratory diagnosis of creatine deficiency syndromes: a technical standard and guideline of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics.''; Genet Med, 2017 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Strovel ET, Cowan TM, Scott AI, Wolf B; ''Laboratory diagnosis of biotinidase deficiency, 2017 update: a technical standard and guideline of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics.''; Genet Med, 2017 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Quinonez SC, Lee KN; ''Citrullinemia Type I.''; , 1993 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Topcu M, Coskun T, Haliloglu G, Saatci I; ''Molybdenum cofactor deficiency: report of three cases presenting as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.''; J Child Neurol, 2001 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Kory N, Wyant GA, Prakash G, Uit de Bos J, Bottanelli F, Pacold ME, Chan SH, Lewis CA, Wang T, Keys HR, Guo YE, Sabatini DM; ''SFXN1 is a mitochondrial serine transporter required for one-carbon metabolism.''; Science, 2018 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Leuzzi V, Mastrangelo M, Battini R, Cioni G; ''Inborn errors of creatine metabolism and epilepsy.''; Epilepsia, 2013 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Kaminiów K, Pająk M, Pająk R, Paprocka J; ''Pyridoxine-Dependent Epilepsy and Antiquitin Deficiency Resulting in Neonatal-Onset Refractory Seizures.''; Brain Sci, 2021 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
History
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External references
DataNodes
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Name | Type | Database reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
(R)-Lipoic acid | Metabolite | HMDB01451 (HMDB) | |
(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine -2-carboxylic acid | Metabolite | CHEBI:49014 (ChEBI) | |
1,3BP-Glycerate | Metabolite | HMDB0001270 (HMDB) | |
2-Ketobutyric acid | Metabolite | HMDB00005 (HMDB) | |
2-oxoglutarate | Metabolite | CHEBI:16810 (ChEBI) | |
2P-Glycerate | Metabolite | HMDB0000362 (HMDB) | |
3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA | Metabolite | HMDB01166 (HMDB) | |
3-Sulfinylpyruvic acid | Metabolite | HMDB01405 (HMDB) | |
3P-Glycerate | Metabolite | HMDB0000807 (HMDB) | |
5,10-Methylene-THF | Metabolite | HMDB01533 (HMDB) | |
8-[(Aminomethyl)sulfanyl]-6- sulfanyloctanoic acid | Metabolite | HMDB13639 (HMDB) | |
AADAT | Protein | Q8N5Z0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = En:ENSG00000117009 |
AASS | GeneProduct | A4D0W4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = En:ENSG00000117009 |
ACAT1 | Protein | P24752 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
ACO1 | Protein | P21399 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | glucose-6-phosphate isomerase |
ADP | Metabolite | HMDB0001341 (HMDB) | |
ALDH7A1 | GeneProduct | ENSG00000164904 (Ensembl) | HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = En:ENSG00000117009 |
ALDOA | GeneProduct | 226 (Entrez Gene) | |
ALDOB | GeneProduct | 229 (Entrez Gene) | |
ALDOC | GeneProduct | 230 (Entrez Gene) | |
AMP | Metabolite | HMDB0000045 (HMDB) | |
AMT | GeneProduct | 275 (Entrez Gene) | HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = En:ENSG00000183077 |
ARG1 | GeneProduct | P05089 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = En:ENSG00000117009 |
ASL | GeneProduct | P04424 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = En:ENSG00000183077 |
ASS1 | GeneProduct | P00966 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = En:ENSG00000117009 |
ATP | Metabolite | CHEBI:30616 (ChEBI) | |
ATP | Metabolite | HMDB0000538 (HMDB) | |
Acetoacetyl-CoA | Metabolite | HMDB01484 (HMDB) | |
Acetyl-CoA | Metabolite | HMDB0001206 (HMDB) | |
Allysine | Metabolite | HMDB01263 (HMDB) | |
Aminoadipic acid | Metabolite | HMDB00510 (HMDB) | |
Ammonia | Metabolite | HMDB00051 (HMDB) | |
Argininosuccinic acid | Metabolite | HMDB00052 (HMDB) | |
Aspartate | Metabolite | HMDB0000191 (HMDB) | |
Biocytin | Metabolite | HMDB0003134 (HMDB) | |
Biotin carboxyl carrier protein | Protein | Q42533 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
Biotin | Metabolite | HMDB00030 (HMDB) | |
Biotinidase deficiency | Pathway | ||
Biotinidase | Protein | P43251 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
Biotinyl-5'-AMP | Metabolite | HMDB04220 (HMDB) | |
CBS | Protein | P35520 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
CDO1 | Protein | Q16878 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
CPS1 | GeneProduct | P31327 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = En:ENSG00000117009 |
CTH | Protein | P32929 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
Carbamoyl phosphate | Metabolite | HMDB01096 (HMDB) | |
Carbon dioxide | Metabolite | HMDB01967 (HMDB) | |
Citrate Transporter Disorder | |||
Citrulline | Metabolite | HMDB00904 (HMDB) | |
Citrullinemia Type I | |||
Coenzyme A | Metabolite | HMDB01423 (HMDB) | |
Creatine Deficiency | |||
Creatine | Metabolite | CHEBI:16919 (ChEBI) | |
Crotonoyl-CoA | Metabolite | CHEBI:15473 (ChEBI) | |
Cysteine sulfinic acid | Metabolite | HMDB0250705 (HMDB) | |
Cysteine | Metabolite | CHEBI:15356 (ChEBI) | |
DHTKD1 | Protein | H7C1J3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = En:ENSG00000117009 |
DLAT | GeneProduct | 1737 (Entrez Gene) | |
DLD | GeneProduct | 1738 (Entrez Gene) | |
Dihydrolipoate | Metabolite | HMDB12210 (HMDB) | |
Dihydroxyacetone-P | Metabolite | HMDB0001473 (HMDB) | |
ECHS1 | Protein | P30084 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = En:ENSG00000117009 |
ENO1 | GeneProduct | 2023 (Entrez Gene) | |
ENO2 | GeneProduct | 2026 (Entrez Gene) | |
ENO3 | GeneProduct | 2027 (Entrez Gene) | |
ETHE1 | Protein | O95571 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
FAD | Metabolite | CHEBI:16238 (ChEBI) | HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = En:ENSG00000103485 |
FBP1 | GeneProduct | 2203 (Entrez Gene) | |
FBP2 | GeneProduct | 8789 (Entrez Gene) | |
Fructose 6P (open) | Metabolite | CHEBI:57579 (ChEBI) | fructose-6-phosphate (2-) open form |
Fructose 6P | Metabolite | CHEBI:61527 (ChEBI) | |
Fructose-1,6BP | Metabolite | HMDB0001058 (HMDB) | |
Fumaric acid | Metabolite | HMDB00134 (HMDB) | |
G6PC | GeneProduct | 2538 (Entrez Gene) | Not present in brain and muscle, so those organs can not produce their own glucose in the gluconeogenesis pathway |
GAMT | GeneProduct | Q14353 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = En:ENSG00000183077 |
GAPDH | GeneProduct | ENSG00000111640 (Ensembl) | |
GATM | Protein | P50440 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
GCDH | Protein | Q92947 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = En:ENSG00000117009 |
GCK | GeneProduct | 2645 (Entrez Gene) | Gck is mainly active in liver |
GLDC | GeneProduct | 2731 (Entrez Gene) | HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = En:ENSG00000151790 |
GLDC | GeneProduct | P23378 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
GLS2 | GeneProduct | Q9UI32 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = En:ENSG00000183077 |
GLUD1 | GeneProduct | P00367 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = En:ENSG00000172890 |
GLUT1 deficiency syndrome | |||
GOT1 | GeneProduct | 2805 (Entrez Gene) | |
GOT2 | GeneProduct | 2806 (Entrez Gene) | |
GPHN | GeneProduct | ENSG00000171723 (Ensembl) | |
GPI | GeneProduct | 2821 (Entrez Gene) | glucose-6-phosphate isomerase |
GPT | Protein | P24298 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
GTP | Metabolite | CHEBI:37565 (ChEBI) | |
Glucose-6P (open) | Metabolite | CHEBI:57584 (ChEBI) | D-Glucose-6-Phosphate (2-) open form |
Glucose-6P | Metabolite | CHEBI:75052 (ChEBI) | Glucose-6-Phosphate (2-) |
Glucose | Metabolite | HMDB0000122 (HMDB) | |
Glutaryl-CoA | Metabolite | CHEBI:15524 (ChEBI) | |
Glutathione perfsulfide | Metabolite | CHEBI:58905 (ChEBI) | |
Glyceraldehyde 3P | Metabolite | HMDB0001112 (HMDB) | |
Glycine | Metabolite | HMDB0000123 (HMDB) | |
Guanidoacetic acid | Metabolite | HMDB00128 (HMDB) | |
HADH | Protein | Q16836 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = En:ENSG00000117009 |
HK1 | GeneProduct | 3098 (Entrez Gene) | |
HK2 | GeneProduct | 3099 (Entrez Gene) | |
HK3 | GeneProduct | 3101 (Entrez Gene) | |
HLCS | GeneProduct | P50747 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = En:ENSG00000117009 |
Homocysteine | Metabolite | HMDB00742 (HMDB) | |
Hydrogen Ion | Metabolite | HMDB0059597 (HMDB) | |
Hydrogen peroxide | Metabolite | HMDB03125 (HMDB) | |
Hydrogen sulfide | Metabolite | HMDB03276 (HMDB) | |
L-Glutamic acid | Metabolite | HMDB00148 (HMDB) | |
L-Glutamine | Metabolite | HMDB00641 (HMDB) | |
L-Pipecolic acid | Metabolite | HMDB00716 (HMDB) | |
L-alanine | Metabolite | CHEBI:16977 (ChEBI) | |
L-arginine | Metabolite | CHEBI:29952 (ChEBI) | |
L-aspartic acid | Metabolite | CHEBI:17053 (ChEBI) | |
L-cystathionine | Metabolite | CHEBI:17482 (ChEBI) | |
L-cysteine | Metabolite | CHEBI:17561 (ChEBI) | |
L-glutamic acid | Metabolite | CHEBI:16015 (ChEBI) | |
L-lysine | Metabolite | CHEBI:18019 (ChEBI) | |
L-lysine | Metabolite | CHEBI:29967 (ChEBI) | |
L-serine | Metabolite | CHEBI:33384 (ChEBI) | |
LDHA | GeneProduct | 3939 (Entrez Gene) | |
LDHAL6B | GeneProduct | 92483 (Entrez Gene) | |
LDHB | GeneProduct | 3945 (Entrez Gene) | |
LDHC | GeneProduct | 3948 (Entrez Gene) | |
Lactate | Metabolite | HMDB0000190 (HMDB) | |
MDH1 | GeneProduct | 4190 (Entrez Gene) | |
MDH2 | GeneProduct | 4191 (Entrez Gene) | |
MOCS1 | GeneProduct | ENSG00000124615 (Ensembl) | |
MOCS2 | GeneProduct | ENSG00000164172 (Ensembl) | |
MOCS3 | GeneProduct | ENSG00000124217 (Ensembl) | |
MPC1 | GeneProduct | 51660 (Entrez Gene) | |
MPC2 | GeneProduct | 25874 (Entrez Gene) | |
Malate | Metabolite | HMDB0000744 (HMDB) | |
Metabolite | Metabolite | ||
MoCo | Metabolite | CHEBI:60525 (ChEBI) | |
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency | |||
NADH | Metabolite | CHEBI:16908 (ChEBI) | |
NADH | Metabolite | HMDB01487 (HMDB) | |
NAD | Metabolite | HMDB0000902 (HMDB) | |
NAD | Metabolite | HMDB00902 (HMDB) | |
NADPH | Metabolite | HMDB0000221 (HMDB) | |
NADP | Metabolite | HMDB0000217 (HMDB) | |
Non-Ketotic Hyperglycinemia | Pathway | ||
OTC | GeneProduct | P00480 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = En:ENSG00000172890 |
Ornithine | Metabolite | HMDB00214 (HMDB) | |
Orotidylic acid | Metabolite | HMDB00218 (HMDB) | |
Oxaloacetate | Metabolite | HMDB0000223 (HMDB) | |
Oxoadipic acid | Metabolite | HMDB00225 (HMDB) | |
Oxoglutaric acid | Metabolite | CHEBI:30915 (ChEBI) | |
Oxoglutaric acid | Metabolite | HMDB00208 (HMDB) | |
Oxygen | Metabolite | CHEBI:25805 (ChEBI) | |
P-enolpyruvate | Metabolite | HMDB0000263 (HMDB) | |
PC | GeneProduct | 5091 (Entrez Gene) | |
PCK1 | GeneProduct | 5105 (Entrez Gene) | |
PDHA1 | GeneProduct | 5160 (Entrez Gene) | |
PFKL | GeneProduct | 5211 (Entrez Gene) | |
PFKM | GeneProduct | 5213 (Entrez Gene) | |
PFKP | GeneProduct | 5214 (Entrez Gene) | |
PGAM1 | GeneProduct | 5223 (Entrez Gene) | |
PGAM2 | GeneProduct | 5224 (Entrez Gene) | |
PGI | GeneProduct | 5.3.1.9 (Enzyme Nomenclature) | phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) |
PGK1 | GeneProduct | 5230 (Entrez Gene) | |
PGK2 | GeneProduct | 5232 (Entrez Gene) | |
PHGDH | Protein | O43175 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
PKLR | GeneProduct | 5313 (Entrez Gene) | |
PKM1 | GeneProduct | 5315 (Entrez Gene) | |
PKM2 | GeneProduct | 5315 (Entrez Gene) | |
PSAT1 | Protein | Q9Y617 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
PSPH | Protein | P78330 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
Phosphate | Metabolite | HMDB0002142 (HMDB) | |
Phosphate | Metabolite | HMDB01429 (HMDB) | |
Phosphohydroxypyruvic acid | Metabolite | HMDB01024 (HMDB) | |
Phosphoric acid | Metabolite | HMDB0002142 (HMDB) | |
Phosphoserine | Metabolite | CHEBI:15811 (ChEBI) | |
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate | Metabolite | HMDB01491 (HMDB) | |
Pyridoxine dependent epilepsy | |||
Pyrophosphate | Metabolite | HMDB00250 (HMDB) | |
Pyruvate | Metabolite | HMDB0000243 (HMDB) | |
S-Adenosylhomocysteine | Metabolite | HMDB00939 (HMDB) | |
S-Adenosylmethionine | Metabolite | HMDB01185 (HMDB) | |
SFXN1 | GeneProduct | ENSG00000164466 (Ensembl) | HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = En:ENSG00000183077 |
SHMT1 | GeneProduct | ENSG00000176974 (Ensembl) | HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = En:ENSG00000183077 |
SHMT2 | GeneProduct | ENSG00000182199 (Ensembl) | HomologyConvert: Homo sapiens to Bos taurus: Original ID = En:ENSG00000183077 |
SLC1A5 | GeneProduct | Q15758 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
SLC25A15 | GeneProduct | Q9Y619 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
SLC25A1 | Protein | P53007 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
SLC25A5 | Protein | P05141 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
SLC2A1 | GeneProduct | 6513 (Entrez Gene) | |
SLC2A2 | GeneProduct | 6514 (Entrez Gene) | |
SLC2A3 | GeneProduct | 6515 (Entrez Gene) | |
SLC2A4 | GeneProduct | 6517 (Entrez Gene) | |
SLC2A5 | GeneProduct | 6518 (Entrez Gene) | |
SLC7A2 | Protein | P52569 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
SPCS1 | GeneProduct | Q9Y6A9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
SQOR | Protein | Q9Y6N5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
SUOX | Protein | P51687 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
Saccharopine | Metabolite | HMDB00279 (HMDB) | |
Serine deficiency | |||
Sulfate | Metabolite | HMDB0001448 (HMDB) | |
TCA Cycle | Pathway | WP78 (WikiPathways) | |
TPI1 | GeneProduct | 7167 (Entrez Gene) | |
Urea | Metabolite | CHEBI:16199 (ChEBI) | |
Uric acid | Metabolite | CHEBI:17775 (ChEBI) | |
Water | Metabolite | HMDB0002111 (HMDB) | |
Water | Metabolite | HMDB02111 (HMDB) | |
XDH | Protein | P47989 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
citrate | Metabolite | CHEBI:16947 (ChEBI) | |
hypoxanthine | Metabolite | CHEBI:17368 (ChEBI) | |
sulfite | Metabolite | CHEBI:17359 (ChEBI) | |
xanthine | Metabolite | CHEBI:15318 (ChEBI) | |
zinc | Metabolite | CHEBI:27363 (ChEBI) |
Annotated Interactions
No annotated interactions