AMP-activated protein kinase signaling (Homo sapiens)
From WikiPathways
Description
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a key role as a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. The kinase is activated in response to stresses that deplete cellular ATP supplies such as low glucose, hypoxia, ischemia and heat shock. It exists as a heterotrimeric complex composed of a catalytic α subunit and regulatory β and γ subunits. Binding of AMP to the γ subunit allosterically activates the complex, making it a more attractive substrate for its major upstream AMPK kinase, LKB1. Several studies indicate that signaling through adiponectin, leptin and CAMKKβ may also be important in activating AMPK.
As a cellular energy sensor responding to low ATP levels, AMPK activation positively regulates signaling pathways that replenish cellular ATP supplies. For example, activation of AMPK enhances both the transcription and translocation of GLUT4, resulting in an increase in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. In addition, it also stimulates catabolic processes such as fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis via inhibition of ACC and activation of PFK2. AMPK negatively regulates several proteins central to ATP consuming processes such as TORC2, glycogen synthase, SREBP-1 and TSC2, resulting in the downregulation or inhibition of gluconeogenesis, glycogen, lipid and protein synthesis. Due to its role as a central regulator of both lipid and glucose metabolism, AMPK is considered to be a key therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, and cancer.
Proteins on this pathway have targeted assays available via the CPTAC Assay PortalQuality Tags
Ontology Terms
Bibliography
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- Viana R, Aguado C, Esteban I, Moreno D, Viollet B, Knecht E, Sanz P; ''Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in autophagy and proteasome function.''; Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Gingras AC, Kennedy SG, O'Leary MA, Sonenberg N, Hay N; ''4E-BP1, a repressor of mRNA translation, is phosphorylated and inactivated by the Akt(PKB) signaling pathway.''; Genes Dev, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Shaw RJ; ''LKB1 and AMP-activated protein kinase control of mTOR signalling and growth.''; Acta Physiol (Oxf), 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Carling D, Hardie DG; ''The substrate and sequence specificity of the AMP-activated protein kinase. Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase and phosphorylase kinase.''; Biochim Biophys Acta, 1989 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Lee WJ, Kim M, Park HS, Kim HS, Jeon MJ, Oh KS, Koh EH, Won JC, Kim MS, Oh GT, Yoon M, Lee KU, Park JY; ''AMPK activation increases fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle by activating PPARalpha and PGC-1.''; Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Hong YH, Varanasi US, Yang W, Leff T; ''AMP-activated protein kinase regulates HNF4alpha transcriptional activity by inhibiting dimer formation and decreasing protein stability.''; J Biol Chem, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Holmes BF, Sparling DP, Olson AL, Winder WW, Dohm GL; ''Regulation of muscle GLUT4 enhancer factor and myocyte enhancer factor 2 by AMP-activated protein kinase.''; Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Murgia M, Jensen TE, Cusinato M, Garcia M, Richter EA, Schiaffino S; ''Multiple signalling pathways redundantly control glucose transporter GLUT4 gene transcription in skeletal muscle.''; J Physiol, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Cheng A, Saltiel AR; ''More TORC for the gluconeogenic engine.''; Bioessays, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Inoki K, Zhu T, Guan KL; ''TSC2 mediates cellular energy response to control cell growth and survival.''; Cell, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Fu A, Screaton RA; ''Using kinomics to delineate signaling pathways: control of CRTC2/TORC2 by the AMPK family.''; Cell Cycle, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Marsin AS, Bertrand L, Rider MH, Deprez J, Beauloye C, Vincent MF, Van den Berghe G, Carling D, Hue L; ''Phosphorylation and activation of heart PFK-2 by AMPK has a role in the stimulation of glycolysis during ischaemia.''; Curr Biol, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Hue L, Beauloye C, Marsin AS, Bertrand L, Horman S, Rider MH; ''Insulin and ischemia stimulate glycolysis by acting on the same targets through different and opposing signaling pathways.''; J Mol Cell Cardiol, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Halse R, Fryer LG, McCormack JG, Carling D, Yeaman SJ; ''Regulation of glycogen synthase by glucose and glycogen: a possible role for AMP-activated protein kinase.''; Diabetes, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Findlay GM, Harrington LS, Lamb RF; ''TSC1-2 tumour suppressor and regulation of mTOR signalling: linking cell growth and proliferation?''; Curr Opin Genet Dev, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Hahn-Windgassen A, Nogueira V, Chen CC, Skeen JE, Sonenberg N, Hay N; ''Akt activates the mammalian target of rapamycin by regulating cellular ATP level and AMPK activity.''; J Biol Chem, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
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