Glutathione-glutaredoxin redox reaction (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

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Description

The tripeptide glutathione (GSH: L-γ-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine) is a prevalent intracellular thiol that is able to act as a cellular redox buffer due to its low redox potential. GSH is involved in many biological processes including: protein and DNA synthesis; amino acid transport; enzyme regulation; protection of cells against reactive oxygen compounds and free radicals, xenobiotics and heavy metals. GSH can also be used as a source of sulfur and cysteine.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide and alkylperoxides produced by various metabolic processes can cause irreversible oxidative damage to the cell if they are not rapidly detoxified by antioxidant defenses. The redox-active sulphydryl group of GSH can protect cells from ROS by directly scavenging free radicals and acting as a cofactor for antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidases (Gpx1p, Gpx2p and Gpx3p). Glutathione oxidized in this manner forms glutathione disulphide (GSSG), which is recycled back to GSH by the enzyme glutathione reductase (Glr1p). Some glutathione peroxidases such as Gpx2p, however, may be re-reduced by the thioredoxin system rather than the glutathione-glutaredoxin system.

GSH also protects the cell from xenobiotics and heavy metals through the formation of GSH S-conjugates and their subsequent export in the vacuole or directly out of the cell. Some xenobiotics can react spontaneously with the thiol moiety of GSH to form GSH S-conjugates, while others react through GSH S-transferases (GST). Two GSTs (Gtt1p and Gtt2p) were identified in yeast and shown to have GST activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dintrobenzene. In yeast the GSH conjugates are transported to the vacuole by the GS-X pump Ycf1p or directly out of the cell by other GS-X pumps.

Description from https://pathway.yeastgenome.org/.

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Bibliography

  1. ''glutathione-glutaredoxin redox reactions''; YeastPathways,

History

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CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
135949view05:28, 3 December 2024Khanspersupdate to mim-conversion, economize layout
135469view20:39, 10 September 2024KhanspersOntology Term : 'classic metabolic pathway' added !
135468view20:39, 10 September 2024Khanspers
135467view20:38, 10 September 2024KhanspersModified description
135466view20:36, 10 September 2024Khanspersoverhaul and add ref
117296view11:08, 20 May 2021EweitzModified title
89669view05:54, 24 September 2016EgonwReplace the CAS number of the salt with that of just the metabolite.
69870view17:49, 11 July 2013EgonwMarked a few DataNodes with CAS registry numbers as metabolites.
69671view20:41, 8 July 2013MaintBotUpdated to 2013 gpml schema
67298view10:33, 26 June 2013Christine ChichesterOntology Term : 'glutathione metabolic pathway' added !
41914view04:54, 2 March 2011MaintBotRemoved redundant pathway information and comments
21508view11:31, 14 November 2008MaintBot[[Pathway:Saccharomyces cerevisiae:Glutathione-Glutaredoxin Redox Reaction]] moved to [[Pathway:WP392]]: Moved to stable identifier
12724view07:59, 17 May 2008MaintBotautomated metabolite conversion
8747view14:08, 7 January 2008MaintBotAdded to category $category
8745view14:08, 7 January 2008M.BraymerUploaded new pathway

External references

DataNodes

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NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
GLR1GeneProductS000006012 (SGD)
GPX1GeneProductS000001509 (SGD)
GPX2GeneProductS000000448 (SGD)
GTT1GeneProductS000001477 (SGD)
GTT2GeneProductS000003983 (SGD)
H+MetaboliteHMDB59597 (HMDB)
H2O2MetaboliteCHEBI:16240 (ChEBI)
H2OMetaboliteHMDB02111 (HMDB)
HXMetabolite
HYR1GeneProductS000001476 (SGD)
NADPHMetabolite53-57-6 (CAS)
NADPMetaboliteHMDB00217 (HMDB)
RXMetabolite
glutathione disulfideMetabolite58297 (ChEBI)
glutathione-S-conjugateMetaboliteC02320 (KEGG Compound)
glutathioneMetaboliteCHEBI:57925 (ChEBI)

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions

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