Signaling by Rho GTPases (Homo sapiens)

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1, 228, 32, 33, 35, 361, 3-1122-274, 12-2128-35cytosolRhoGTPase:GDPRhoGTPase:GTPGAP proteinsGTPRhoGTPase:GDPGDPGDI proteinsInactivated RhoGTPase:GDP:GDI complexeffector proteinsOrthophosphateRhoGTPase:GTP:Effectors complexGEF


Description

The Rho family of small guanine nucleotide binding proteins is one of five generally recognized branches of the Ras superfamily. Like most Ras superfamily members, typical Rho proteins function as binary switches controlling a variety of biological processes. They perform this function by cycling between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound conformations. Mammalian Rho GTPases include RhoA, RhoB and RhoC (Rho proteins), Rac1 3 (Rac proteins), Cdc42, TC10, TCL, Wrch1, Chp/Wrch2, RhoD and RhoG, to name some. The family also includes RhoH and Rnd1-3, which lack GTPase activity and are predicted to exist in a constitutively active state.

Members of the Rho family have been identified in all eukaryotes. Including the atypical RHOBTB1-3 and RHOT1-2 proteins, 24 Rho family members have been identified in mammals (Jaffe and Hall, 2005; Bernards, 2005; Ridley, 2006). Among Rho GTPases, RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 have been most extensively studied. These proteins are best known for their ability to induce dynamic rearrangements of the plasma membrane-associated actin cytoskeleton (Aspenstrom et al, 2004; Murphy et al, 1999; Govek et al, 2005). Beyond this function, Rho GTPases also regulate actomyosin contractility and microtubule dynamics. Rho mediated effects on transcription and membrane trafficking are believed to be secondary to these functions. At the more macroscopic level, Rho GTPases have been implicated in many important cell biological processes, including cell growth control, cytokinesis, cell motility, cell cell and cell extracellular matrix adhesion, cell transformation and invasion, and development (Govek et al., 2005). The illustration below lists Rho GTPase effectors implicated in actin and microtubule dynamics (courtesy: Govek et al., 2005, Genes and Development, CSHL Press). Detailed annotations of various biological processes regulated by Rho GTPases will be available in future releases.</div>

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Bibliography

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History

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CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
114825view16:32, 25 January 2021ReactomeTeamReactome version 75
113270view11:34, 2 November 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 74
112483view15:43, 9 October 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 73
101394view11:28, 1 November 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 66
100932view21:04, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 65
100470view19:38, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 64
100016view16:21, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 63
99569view14:54, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62 (2nd attempt)
99192view12:43, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62
93909view13:44, 16 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
93484view11:24, 9 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
86580view09:21, 11 July 2016ReactomeTeamreactome version 56
83049view09:47, 18 November 2015ReactomeTeamVersion54
81350view12:52, 21 August 2015ReactomeTeamVersion53
76820view08:04, 17 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
76524view11:45, 16 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
75857view09:50, 11 June 2014ReactomeTeamRe-fixing comment source
75557view10:35, 10 June 2014ReactomeTeamReactome 48 Update
74912view13:44, 8 May 2014AnweshaFixing comment source for displaying WikiPathways description
74556view08:35, 30 April 2014ReactomeTeamReactome46
68961view17:39, 8 July 2013MaintBotUpdated to 2013 gpml schema
45211view17:23, 7 October 2011KhanspersOntology Term : 'signaling pathway' added !
42133view21:59, 4 March 2011MaintBotAutomatic update
39943view05:57, 21 January 2011MaintBotNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

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NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
GAP

proteins

UnknownREACT_10748 (Reactome)
GDI proteins ProteinREACT_10263 (Reactome)
GDP Metabolite17552 (ChEBI)
GEF UnknownREACT_10196 (Reactome)
GTP Metabolite15996 (ChEBI)
Inactivated

RhoGTPase:GDP:GDI complex

ComplexREACT_10882 (Reactome)
Orthophosphate Metabolite18367 (ChEBI)
RhoGTPase:GDP ComplexREACT_10155 (Reactome)
RhoGTPase:GDP ComplexREACT_10889 (Reactome)
RhoGTPase:GTP ComplexREACT_10731 (Reactome)
RhoGTPase:GTP:

Effectors complex

ComplexREACT_10149 (Reactome)
effector proteins UnknownREACT_10469 (Reactome)

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions

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