Glycogen metabolism (Caenorhabditis elegans)

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Glycogen (n-1) + Glucose-1-phosphateGlucose-1-phosphatePhosphorylase KinaseGlucoseGlycolysisGlycogenGlycogenDegradationSer/Thr Protein Phosphatase 2AGlycogen (n+1)Glucose-6-phosphateSynthesisUDP-Glucose +cAMPlet-92PPP2R5BCALM3PPP2R3AR06A4.8gsy-1glycogeningsk-3paa-1C14B9.8T22F3.3C13G3.3PPP2R2BCALM1PHKG1sur-6K08E3.5PYGBC06G1.5Y67D8A.1GYS2PYGLY50D7A.3T04A8.7PPP2R1BY71H2AM.20phosphoglucomutaseK08E3.5PPP2R5AcalmodulinGSK3AglycogeninPPP2R5CPPP2R2CW08G11.4PHKA1PPP2CA


Description

Glycogen is a very large, branched polymer of glucose residues. Within skeletal musle and liver glucose is stored as glycogen. In the liver, glycogen synthesis and degradation are regulated to maintain blood-glucose levels as required to meet the needs of the organism as a whole. In contrast, in muscle, these processes are regulated to meet the energy needs of the muscle itself.

Glycogen synthesis Glycogen synthesis is, unlike its breakdown, endergonic. This means that glycogen synthesis requires the input of energy. Energy for glycogen synthesis comes from UTP, which reacts with glucose-1-phosphate, forming UDP-glucose, in reaction catalysed by UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. Glycogen is synthesized from monomers of UDP-glucose by the enzyme glycogen synthase, which progressively lengthens the glycogen chain with (α1→4) bonded glucose. As glycogen synthase can only lengthen an existing chain, the protein glycogenin is needed to initiate the synthesis of glycogen. The glycogen-branching enzyme, amylo (α1→4) to (α1→6) transglycosylase, catalyzes the transfer of a terminal fragment of 6-7 glucose residues from a nonreducing end to the C-6 hydroxyl group of a glucose residue deeper into the interior of the glycogen molecule. The branching enzyme can act upon only a branch having at least 11 residues, and the enzyme may transfer to the same glucose chain or adjacent glucose chains.

Glycogen degradation Glycogen degradation consists of three steps: (1) the release of glucose 1-phosphate from glycogen, (2) the remodeling of the glycogen substrate to permit further degradation, and (3) the conversion of glucose 1-phosphate into glucose 6-phosphate for further metabolism.

Information partly derived from "Biochemistry" by Stryer and Wikipedia.

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History

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CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
118434view14:39, 27 May 2021Fehrhartreplaced metabolite labels with metabolite nodes, connected lines
118162view10:41, 25 May 2021EweitzModified title
89808view11:46, 6 October 2016Mkutmonupdated description
70012view23:41, 11 July 2013MaintBotupdated to 2013 schema
67307view10:34, 26 June 2013Christine ChichesterOntology Term : 'glycogen metabolic pathway' added !
40616view19:56, 1 March 2011MaintBotRemoved redundant pathway information and comments
35728view23:39, 12 February 2010AlexanderPico
21598view11:32, 14 November 2008MaintBot[[Pathway:Caenorhabditis elegans:Glycogen Metabolism]] moved to [[Pathway:WP436]]: Moved to stable identifier
8567view14:03, 7 January 2008MaintBotAdded to category $category
8565view14:03, 7 January 2008KdahlquistUploaded new pathway

External references

DataNodes

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NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
C06G1.5GeneProduct181721 (Entrez Gene)
C13G3.3GeneProduct179526 (Entrez Gene)
C14B9.8GeneProduct176149 (Entrez Gene)
CALM1GeneProduct (Entrez Gene)
CALM3GeneProduct (Entrez Gene)
GSK3AGeneProduct (Entrez Gene)
GYS2GeneProduct (Entrez Gene)
K08E3.5GeneProduct176814 (Entrez Gene)
PHKA1GeneProduct (Entrez Gene)
PHKG1GeneProduct (Entrez Gene)
PPP2CAGeneProduct (Entrez Gene)
PPP2R1BGeneProduct (Entrez Gene)
PPP2R2BGeneProduct (Entrez Gene)
PPP2R2CGeneProduct (Entrez Gene)
PPP2R3AGeneProduct (Entrez Gene)
PPP2R5AGeneProduct (Entrez Gene)
PPP2R5BGeneProduct (Entrez Gene)
PPP2R5CGeneProduct (Entrez Gene)
PYGBGeneProduct (Entrez Gene)
PYGLGeneProduct (Entrez Gene)
R06A4.8GeneProduct175091 (Entrez Gene)
T04A8.7GeneProduct3565201 (Entrez Gene)
T22F3.3GeneProduct178777 (Entrez Gene)
W08G11.4GeneProduct180100 (Entrez Gene)
Y50D7A.3GeneProduct190101 (Entrez Gene)
Y67D8A.1GeneProduct177094 (Entrez Gene)
Y71H2AM.20GeneProduct175395 (Entrez Gene)
calmodulinGeneProduct178614 (Entrez Gene)
glycogeninGeneProduct180119 (Entrez Gene)
glycogeninGeneProduct180644 (Entrez Gene)
gsk-3GeneProduct173149 (Entrez Gene)
gsy-1GeneProduct174924 (Entrez Gene)
let-92GeneProduct178117 (Entrez Gene)
paa-1GeneProduct175750 (Entrez Gene)
phosphoglucomutaseGeneProduct173843 (Entrez Gene)
sur-6GeneProduct172826 (Entrez Gene)

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