The MAP kinase cascade describes a sequence of phosphorylation events involving serine/threonine-specific protein kinases. Used by various signal transduction pathways, this cascade constitutes a common 'module' in the transmission of an extracellular signal into the nucleus.
Mason CS, Springer CJ, Cooper RG, Superti-Furga G, Marshall CJ, Marais R.; ''Serine and tyrosine phosphorylations cooperate in Raf-1, but not B-Raf activation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Chadee DN, Kyriakis JM.; ''MLK3 is required for mitogen activation of B-Raf, ERK and cell proliferation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Cohen BD, Green JM, Foy L, Fell HP.; ''HER4-mediated biological and biochemical properties in NIH 3T3 cells. Evidence for HER1-HER4 heterodimers.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
King JA, Corcoran NM, D'Abaco GM, Straffon AF, Smith CT, Poon CL, Buchert M, I S, Hall NE, Lock P, Hovens CM.; ''Eve-3: a liver enriched suppressor of Ras/MAPK signaling.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Sardi SP, Murtie J, Koirala S, Patten BA, Corfas G.; ''Presenilin-dependent ErbB4 nuclear signaling regulates the timing of astrogenesis in the developing brain.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Lidke DS, Huang F, Post JN, Rieger B, Wilsbacher J, Thomas JL, Pouysségur J, Jovin TM, Lenormand P.; ''ERK nuclear translocation is dimerization-independent but controlled by the rate of phosphorylation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Van Noesel CJ, Brouns GS, van Schijndel GM, Bende RJ, Mason DY, Borst J, van Lier RA.; ''Comparison of human B cell antigen receptor complexes: membrane-expressed forms of immunoglobulin (Ig)M, IgD, and IgG are associated with structurally related heterodimers.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Weber C, Fraemohs L, Dejana E.; ''The role of junctional adhesion molecules in vascular inflammation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Jones FE, Welte T, Fu XY, Stern DF.; ''ErbB4 signaling in the mammary gland is required for lobuloalveolar development and Stat5 activation during lactation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Rushworth LK, Hindley AD, O'Neill E, Kolch W.; ''Regulation and role of Raf-1/B-Raf heterodimerization.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Wellbrock C, Karasarides M, Marais R.; ''The RAF proteins take centre stage.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Heldin CH, Ostman A, Rönnstrand L.; ''Signal transduction via platelet-derived growth factor receptors.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Whitehurst AW, Wilsbacher JL, You Y, Luby-Phelps K, Moore MS, Cobb MH.; ''ERK2 enters the nucleus by a carrier-independent mechanism.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Stewart S, Sundaram M, Zhang Y, Lee J, Han M, Guan KL.; ''Kinase suppressor of Ras forms a multiprotein signaling complex and modulates MEK localization.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Pritchard CA, Samuels ML, Bosch E, McMahon M.; ''Conditionally oncogenic forms of the A-Raf and B-Raf protein kinases display different biological and biochemical properties in NIH 3T3 cells.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Peng SB, Henry JR, Kaufman MD, Lu WP, Smith BD, Vogeti S, Rutkoski TJ, Wise S, Chun L, Zhang Y, Van Horn RD, Yin T, Zhang X, Yadav V, Chen SH, Gong X, Ma X, Webster Y, Buchanan S, Mochalkin I, Huber L, Kays L, Donoho GP, Walgren J, McCann D, Patel P, Conti I, Plowman GD, Starling JJ, Flynn DL.; ''Inhibition of RAF Isoforms and Active Dimers by LY3009120 Leads to Anti-tumor Activities in RAS or BRAF Mutant Cancers.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Park CY, Hoover PJ, Mullins FM, Bachhawat P, Covington ED, Raunser S, Walz T, Garcia KC, Dolmetsch RE, Lewis RS.; ''STIM1 clusters and activates CRAC channels via direct binding of a cytosolic domain to Orai1.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Yeung K, Seitz T, Li S, Janosch P, McFerran B, Kaiser C, Fee F, Katsanakis KD, Rose DW, Mischak H, Sedivy JM, Kolch W.; ''Suppression of Raf-1 kinase activity and MAP kinase signalling by RKIP.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Sjölander A, Yamamoto K, Huber BE, Lapetina EG.; ''Association of p21ras with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Maki RG.; ''Small is beautiful: insulin-like growth factors and their role in growth, development, and cancer.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Park S, Rath O, Beach S, Xiang X, Kelly SM, Luo Z, Kolch W, Yeung KC.; ''Regulation of RKIP binding to the N-region of the Raf-1 kinase.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Zhang D, Sliwkowski MX, Mark M, Frantz G, Akita R, Sun Y, Hillan K, Crowley C, Brush J, Godowski PJ.; ''Neuregulin-3 (NRG3): a novel neural tissue-enriched protein that binds and activates ErbB4.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Xiang X, Zang M, Waelde CA, Wen R, Luo Z, Luo Z.; ''Phosphorylation of 338SSYY341 regulates specific interaction between Raf-1 and MEK1.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Pinkas-Kramarski R, Soussan L, Waterman H, Levkowitz G, Alroy I, Klapper L, Lavi S, Seger R, Ratzkin BJ, Sela M, Yarden Y.; ''Diversification of Neu differentiation factor and epidermal growth factor signaling by combinatorial receptor interactions.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Agianian B, Gavathiotis E.; ''Current Insights of BRAF Inhibitors in Cancer.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Maertens O, Johnson B, Hollstein P, Frederick DT, Cooper ZA, Messiaen L, Bronson RT, McMahon M, Granter S, Flaherty K, Wargo JA, Marais R, Cichowski K.; ''Elucidating distinct roles for NF1 in melanomagenesis.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
DeFea KA, Zalevsky J, Thoma MS, Déry O, Mullins RD, Bunnett NW.; ''beta-arrestin-dependent endocytosis of proteinase-activated receptor 2 is required for intracellular targeting of activated ERK1/2.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Bottorff D, Stang S, Agellon S, Stone JC.; ''RAS signalling is abnormal in a c-raf1 MEK1 double mutant.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Shao H, Andres DA.; ''A novel RalGEF-like protein, RGL3, as a candidate effector for rit and Ras.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Shi H, Moriceau G, Kong X, Lee MK, Lee H, Koya RC, Ng C, Chodon T, Scolyer RA, Dahlman KB, Sosman JA, Kefford RF, Long GV, Nelson SF, Ribas A, Lo RS.; ''Melanoma whole-exome sequencing identifies (V600E)B-RAF amplification-mediated acquired B-RAF inhibitor resistance.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Sun Y, Ikrar T, Davis MF, Gong N, Zheng X, Luo ZD, Lai C, Mei L, Holmes TC, Gandhi SP, Xu X.; ''Neuregulin-1/ErbB4 Signaling Regulates Visual Cortical Plasticity.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Baljuls A, Schmitz W, Mueller T, Zahedi RP, Sickmann A, Hekman M, Rapp UR.; ''Positive regulation of A-RAF by phosphorylation of isoform-specific hinge segment and identification of novel phosphorylation sites.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Giroux S, Tremblay M, Bernard D, Cardin-Girard JF, Aubry S, Larouche L, Rousseau S, Huot J, Landry J, Jeannotte L, Charron J.; ''Embryonic death of Mek1-deficient mice reveals a role for this kinase in angiogenesis in the labyrinthine region of the placenta.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Cacace AM, Michaud NR, Therrien M, Mathes K, Copeland T, Rubin GM, Morrison DK.; ''Identification of constitutive and ras-inducible phosphorylation sites of KSR: implications for 14-3-3 binding, mitogen-activated protein kinase binding, and KSR overexpression.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Cutler RE, Stephens RM, Saracino MR, Morrison DK.; ''Autoregulation of the Raf-1 serine/threonine kinase.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Roose JP, Mollenauer M, Gupta VA, Stone J, Weiss A.; ''A diacylglycerol-protein kinase C-RasGRP1 pathway directs Ras activation upon antigen receptor stimulation of T cells.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Schober A, Weber C.; ''Mechanisms of monocyte recruitment in vascular repair after injury.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Schaeffer HJ, Catling AD, Eblen ST, Collier LS, Krauss A, Weber MJ.; ''MP1: a MEK binding partner that enhances enzymatic activation of the MAP kinase cascade.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
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Saxena M, Williams S, Brockdorff J, Gilman J, Mustelin T.; ''Inhibition of T cell signaling by mitogen-activated protein kinase-targeted hematopoietic tyrosine phosphatase (HePTP).''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Gilmore-Hebert M, Ramabhadran R, Stern DF.; ''Interactions of ErbB4 and Kap1 connect the growth factor and DNA damage response pathways.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Tsang E, Giannetti AM, Shaw D, Dinh M, Tse JK, Gandhi S, Ho H, Wang S, Papp E, Bradshaw JM.; ''Molecular mechanism of the Syk activation switch.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Poulikakos PI, Persaud Y, Janakiraman M, Kong X, Ng C, Moriceau G, Shi H, Atefi M, Titz B, Gabay MT, Salton M, Dahlman KB, Tadi M, Wargo JA, Flaherty KT, Kelley MC, Misteli T, Chapman PB, Sosman JA, Graeber TG, Ribas A, Lo RS, Rosen N, Solit DB.; ''RAF inhibitor resistance is mediated by dimerization of aberrantly spliced BRAF(V600E).''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
da Costa Martins P, van den Berk N, Ulfman LH, Koenderman L, Hordijk PL, Zwaginga JJ.; ''Platelet-monocyte complexes support monocyte adhesion to endothelium by enhancing secondary tethering and cluster formation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Wei SJ, Williams JG, Dang H, Darden TA, Betz BL, Humble MM, Chang FM, Trempus CS, Johnson K, Cannon RE, Tennant RW.; ''Identification of a specific motif of the DSS1 protein required for proteasome interaction and p53 protein degradation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Becker BF, Heindl B, Kupatt C, Zahler S.; ''Endothelial function and hemostasis.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Müller J, Cacace AM, Lyons WE, McGill CB, Morrison DK.; ''Identification of B-KSR1, a novel brain-specific isoform of KSR1 that functions in neuronal signaling.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Lorentzen A, Kinkhabwala A, Rocks O, Vartak N, Bastiaens PI.; ''Regulation of Ras localization by acylation enables a mode of intracellular signal propagation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Gauld SB, Cambier JC.; ''Src-family kinases in B-cell development and signaling.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Deng Y, Shipps GW, Cooper A, English JM, Annis DA, Carr D, Nan Y, Wang T, Zhu HY, Chuang CC, Dayananth P, Hruza AW, Xiao L, Jin W, Kirschmeier P, Windsor WT, Samatar AA.; ''Discovery of novel, dual mechanism ERK inhibitors by affinity selection screening of an inactive kinase.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Turjanski AG, Vaqué JP, Gutkind JS.; ''MAP kinases and the control of nuclear events.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Sharma C, Vomastek T, Tarcsafalvi A, Catling AD, Schaeffer HJ, Eblen ST, Weber MJ.; ''MEK partner 1 (MP1): regulation of oligomerization in MAP kinase signaling.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Plotnikov A, Zehorai E, Procaccia S, Seger R.; ''The MAPK cascades: signaling components, nuclear roles and mechanisms of nuclear translocation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Peterson SN, Trabalzini L, Brtva TR, Fischer T, Altschuler DL, Martelli P, Lapetina EG, Der CJ, White GC.; ''Identification of a novel RalGDS-related protein as a candidate effector for Ras and Rap1.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Whitehurst AW, Robinson FL, Moore MS, Cobb MH.; ''The death effector domain protein PEA-15 prevents nuclear entry of ERK2 by inhibiting required interactions.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Ferro E, Trabalzini L.; ''RalGDS family members couple Ras to Ral signalling and that's not all.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Pylayeva-Gupta Y, Grabocka E, Bar-Sagi D.; ''RAS oncogenes: weaving a tumorigenic web.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Khokhlatchev AV, Canagarajah B, Wilsbacher J, Robinson M, Atkinson M, Goldsmith E, Cobb MH.; ''Phosphorylation of the MAP kinase ERK2 promotes its homodimerization and nuclear translocation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Lanier LL.; ''DAP10- and DAP12-associated receptors in innate immunity.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Komuro A, Nagai M, Navin NE, Sudol M.; ''WW domain-containing protein YAP associates with ErbB-4 and acts as a co-transcriptional activator for the carboxyl-terminal fragment of ErbB-4 that translocates to the nucleus.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Del Pino I, García-Frigola C, Dehorter N, Brotons-Mas JR, Alvarez-Salvado E, Martínez de Lagrán M, Ciceri G, Gabaldón MV, Moratal D, Dierssen M, Canals S, Marín O, Rico B.; ''Erbb4 deletion from fast-spiking interneurons causes schizophrenia-like phenotypes.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
McKay MM, Morrison DK.; ''Integrating signals from RTKs to ERK/MAPK.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Hazan R, Margolis B, Dombalagian M, Ullrich A, Zilberstein A, Schlessinger J.; ''Identification of autophosphorylation sites of HER2/neu.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Blalock WL, Weinstein-Oppenheimer C, Chang F, Hoyle PE, Wang XY, Algate PA, Franklin RA, Oberhaus SM, Steelman LS, McCubrey JA.; ''Signal transduction, cell cycle regulatory, and anti-apoptotic pathways regulated by IL-3 in hematopoietic cells: possible sites for intervention with anti-neoplastic drugs.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Waterfall JJ, Arons E, Walker RL, Pineda M, Roth L, Killian JK, Abaan OD, Davis SR, Kreitman RJ, Meltzer PS.; ''High prevalence of MAP2K1 mutations in variant and IGHV4-34-expressing hairy-cell leukemias.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
McClatchey AI, Cichowski K.; ''SPRED proteins provide a NF-ty link to Ras suppression.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Fischer A, Baljuls A, Reinders J, Nekhoroshkova E, Sibilski C, Metz R, Albert S, Rajalingam K, Hekman M, Rapp UR.; ''Regulation of RAF activity by 14-3-3 proteins: RAF kinases associate functionally with both homo- and heterodimeric forms of 14-3-3 proteins.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Hollstein PE, Cichowski K.; ''Identifying the Ubiquitin Ligase complex that regulates the NF1 tumor suppressor and Ras.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Chou FL, Hill JM, Hsieh JC, Pouyssegur J, Brunet A, Glading A, Uberall F, Ramos JW, Werner MH, Ginsberg MH.; ''PEA-15 binding to ERK1/2 MAPKs is required for its modulation of integrin activation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Maertens O, Cichowski K.; ''An expanding role for RAS GTPase activating proteins (RAS GAPs) in cancer.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Wan PT, Garnett MJ, Roe SM, Lee S, Niculescu-Duvaz D, Good VM, Jones CM, Marshall CJ, Springer CJ, Barford D, Marais R, Cancer Genome Project.; ''Mechanism of activation of the RAF-ERK signaling pathway by oncogenic mutations of B-RAF.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
King AJ, Sun H, Diaz B, Barnard D, Miao W, Bagrodia S, Marshall MS.; ''The protein kinase Pak3 positively regulates Raf-1 activity through phosphorylation of serine 338.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Spaargaren M, Bischoff JR.; ''Identification of the guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for Ral as a putative effector molecule of R-ras, H-ras, K-ras, and Rap.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Vivanco I, Sawyers CL.; ''The phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase AKT pathway in human cancer.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Rodriguez-Viciana P, Warne PH, Dhand R, Vanhaesebroeck B, Gout I, Fry MJ, Waterfield MD, Downward J.; ''Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase as a direct target of Ras.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Rönnstrand L.; ''Signal transduction via the stem cell factor receptor/c-Kit.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Brown MD, Sacks DB.; ''Protein scaffolds in MAP kinase signalling.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Carpenter G.; ''Employment of the epidermal growth factor receptor in growth factor-independent signaling pathways.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Martin GA, Viskochil D, Bollag G, McCabe PC, Crosier WJ, Haubruck H, Conroy L, Clark R, O'Connell P, Cawthon RM.; ''The GAP-related domain of the neurofibromatosis type 1 gene product interacts with ras p21.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Castellano E, Downward J.; ''RAS Interaction with PI3K: More Than Just Another Effector Pathway.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Brennan DF, Dar AC, Hertz NT, Chao WC, Burlingame AL, Shokat KM, Barford D.; ''A Raf-induced allosteric transition of KSR stimulates phosphorylation of MEK.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Kubicek M, Pacher M, Abraham D, Podar K, Eulitz M, Baccarini M.; ''Dephosphorylation of Ser-259 regulates Raf-1 membrane association.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Zehir A, Benayed R, Shah RH, Syed A, Middha S, Kim HR, Srinivasan P, Gao J, Chakravarty D, Devlin SM, Hellmann MD, Barron DA, Schram AM, Hameed M, Dogan S, Ross DS, Hechtman JF, DeLair DF, Yao J, Mandelker DL, Cheng DT, Chandramohan R, Mohanty AS, Ptashkin RN, Jayakumaran G, Prasad M, Syed MH, Rema AB, Liu ZY, Nafa K, Borsu L, Sadowska J, Casanova J, Bacares R, Kiecka IJ, Razumova A, Son JB, Stewart L, Baldi T, Mullaney KA, Al-Ahmadie H, Vakiani E, Abeshouse AA, Penson AV, Jonsson P, Camacho N, Chang MT, Won HH, Gross BE, Kundra R, Heins ZJ, Chen HW, Phillips S, Zhang H, Wang J, Ochoa A, Wills J, Eubank M, Thomas SB, Gardos SM, Reales DN, Galle J, Durany R, Cambria R, Abida W, Cercek A, Feldman DR, Gounder MM, Hakimi AA, Harding JJ, Iyer G, Janjigian YY, Jordan EJ, Kelly CM, Lowery MA, Morris LGT, Omuro AM, Raj N, Razavi P, Shoushtari AN, Shukla N, Soumerai TE, Varghese AM, Yaeger R, Coleman J, Bochner B, Riely GJ, Saltz LB, Scher HI, Sabbatini PJ, Robson ME, Klimstra DS, Taylor BS, Baselga J, Schultz N, Hyman DM, Arcila ME, Solit DB, Ladanyi M, Berger MF.; ''Mutational landscape of metastatic cancer revealed from prospective clinical sequencing of 10,000 patients.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Edin ML, Juliano RL.; ''Raf-1 serine 338 phosphorylation plays a key role in adhesion-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase by epidermal growth factor.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Bollag G, Clapp DW, Shih S, Adler F, Zhang YY, Thompson P, Lange BJ, Freedman MH, McCormick F, Jacks T, Shannon K.; ''Loss of NF1 results in activation of the Ras signaling pathway and leads to aberrant growth in haematopoietic cells.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Papin C, Eychène A, Brunet A, Pagès G, Pouysségur J, Calothy G, Barnier JV.; ''B-Raf protein isoforms interact with and phosphorylate Mek-1 on serine residues 218 and 222.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Sun Y, Alberta JA, Pilarz C, Calligaris D, Chadwick EJ, Ramkissoon SH, Ramkissoon LA, Garcia VM, Mazzola E, Goumnerova L, Kane M, Yao Z, Kieran MW, Ligon KL, Hahn WC, Garraway LA, Rosen N, Gray NS, Agar NY, Buhrlage SJ, Segal RA, Stiles CD.; ''A brain-penetrant RAF dimer antagonist for the noncanonical BRAF oncoprotein of pediatric low-grade astrocytomas.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Mitchell RM, Janssen MJ, Karavanova I, Vullhorst D, Furth K, Makusky A, Markey SP, Buonanno A.; ''ErbB4 reduces synaptic GABAA currents independent of its receptor tyrosine kinase activity.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Sundaram M, Han M.; ''The C. elegans ksr-1 gene encodes a novel Raf-related kinase involved in Ras-mediated signal transduction.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
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Jaumot M, Hancock JF.; ''Protein phosphatases 1 and 2A promote Raf-1 activation by regulating 14-3-3 interactions.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
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Rodriguez-Viciana P, Rauen KA.; ''Biochemical characterization of novel germline BRAF and MEK mutations in cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Bezniakow N, Gos M, Obersztyn E.; ''The RASopathies as an example of RAS/MAPK pathway disturbances - clinical presentation and molecular pathogenesis of selected syndromes.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
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Vakana E, Pratt S, Blosser W, Dowless M, Simpson N, Yuan XJ, Jaken S, Manro J, Stephens J, Zhang Y, Huber L, Peng SB, Stancato LF.; ''LY3009120, a panRAF inhibitor, has significant anti-tumor activity in BRAF and KRAS mutant preclinical models of colorectal cancer.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Vomastek T, Schaeffer HJ, Tarcsafalvi A, Smolkin ME, Bissonette EA, Weber MJ.; ''Modular construction of a signaling scaffold: MORG1 interacts with components of the ERK cascade and links ERK signaling to specific agonists.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Rajalingam K, Wunder C, Brinkmann V, Churin Y, Hekman M, Sievers C, Rapp UR, Rudel T.; ''Prohibitin is required for Ras-induced Raf-MEK-ERK activation and epithelial cell migration.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Simanshu DK, Nissley DV, McCormick F.; ''RAS Proteins and Their Regulators in Human Disease.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Ray LB, Sturgill TW.; ''Insulin-stimulated microtubule-associated protein kinase is phosphorylated on tyrosine and threonine in vivo.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Arasada RR, Carpenter G.; ''Secretase-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Mdm2 by the ErbB-4 intracellular domain fragment.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Lito P, Rosen N, Solit DB.; ''Tumor adaptation and resistance to RAF inhibitors.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Rowley RB, Burkhardt AL, Chao HG, Matsueda GR, Bolen JB.; ''Syk protein-tyrosine kinase is regulated by tyrosine-phosphorylated Ig alpha/Ig beta immunoreceptor tyrosine activation motif binding and autophosphorylation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Marshall CB, Meiri D, Smith MJ, Mazhab-Jafari MT, Gasmi-Seabrook GM, Rottapel R, Stambolic V, Ikura M.; ''Probing the GTPase cycle with real-time NMR: GAP and GEF activities in cell extracts.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
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Muraoka-Cook RS, Sandahl M, Hunter D, Miraglia L, Earp HS.; ''Prolactin and ErbB4/HER4 signaling interact via Janus kinase 2 to induce mammary epithelial cell gene expression differentiation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Rodriguez-Viciana P, Oses-Prieto J, Burlingame A, Fried M, McCormick F.; ''A phosphatase holoenzyme comprised of Shoc2/Sur8 and the catalytic subunit of PP1 functions as an M-Ras effector to modulate Raf activity.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Cichowski K, Santiago S, Jardim M, Johnson BW, Jacks T.; ''Dynamic regulation of the Ras pathway via proteolysis of the NF1 tumor suppressor.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Friedman WJ, Greene LA.; ''Neurotrophin signaling via Trks and p75.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Luk PP, Yu B, Ng CC, Mercorella B, Selinger C, Lum T, Kao S, O'Toole SA, Cooper WA.; ''BRAF mutations in non-small cell lung cancer.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Zheng CF, Guan KL.; ''Cytoplasmic localization of the mitogen-activated protein kinase activator MEK.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Muik M, Frischauf I, Derler I, Fahrner M, Bergsmann J, Eder P, Schindl R, Hesch C, Polzinger B, Fritsch R, Kahr H, Madl J, Gruber H, Groschner K, Romanin C.; ''Dynamic coupling of the putative coiled-coil domain of ORAI1 with STIM1 mediates ORAI1 channel activation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Udell CM, Rajakulendran T, Sicheri F, Therrien M.; ''Mechanistic principles of RAF kinase signaling.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Anastasaki C, Estep AL, Marais R, Rauen KA, Patton EE.; ''Kinase-activating and kinase-impaired cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome alleles have activity during zebrafish development and are sensitive to small molecule inhibitors.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Ehrhardt GR, Korherr C, Wieler JS, Knaus M, Schrader JW.; ''A novel potential effector of M-Ras and p21 Ras negatively regulates p21 Ras-mediated gene induction and cell growth.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Lanier LL, Corliss BC, Wu J, Leong C, Phillips JH.; ''Immunoreceptor DAP12 bearing a tyrosine-based activation motif is involved in activating NK cells.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Wienands J, Freuler F, Baumann G.; ''Tyrosine-phosphorylated forms of Ig beta, CD22, TCR zeta and HOSS are major ligands for tandem SH2 domains of Syk.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Nussinov R, Muratcioglu S, Tsai CJ, Jang H, Gursoy A, Keskin O.; ''The Key Role of Calmodulin in KRAS-Driven Adenocarcinomas.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Casar B, Pinto A, Crespo P.; ''Essential role of ERK dimers in the activation of cytoplasmic but not nuclear substrates by ERK-scaffold complexes.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Cordeddu V, Di Schiavi E, Pennacchio LA, Ma'ayan A, Sarkozy A, Fodale V, Cecchetti S, Cardinale A, Martin J, Schackwitz W, Lipzen A, Zampino G, Mazzanti L, Digilio MC, Martinelli S, Flex E, Lepri F, Bartholdi D, Kutsche K, Ferrero GB, Anichini C, Selicorni A, Rossi C, Tenconi R, Zenker M, Merlo D, Dallapiccola B, Iyengar R, Bazzicalupo P, Gelb BD, Tartaglia M.; ''Mutation of SHOC2 promotes aberrant protein N-myristoylation and causes Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Ahmadian MR, Kiel C, Stege P, Scheffzek K.; ''Structural fingerprints of the Ras-GTPase activating proteins neurofibromin and p120GAP.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Haskins JW, Zhang S, Means RE, Kelleher JK, Cline GW, Canfrán-Duque A, Suárez Y, Stern DF.; ''Neuregulin-activated ERBB4 induces the SREBP-2 cholesterol biosynthetic pathway and increases low-density lipoprotein uptake.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Oh-hora M, Ogata M, Mori Y, Adachi M, Imai K, Kosugi A, Hamaoka T.; ''Direct suppression of TCR-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase by leukocyte protein tyrosine phosphatase, a tyrosine-specific phosphatase.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
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Lennartsson J, Rönnstrand L.; ''The stem cell factor receptor/c-Kit as a drug target in cancer.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Diaz B, Barnard D, Filson A, MacDonald S, King A, Marshall M.; ''Phosphorylation of Raf-1 serine 338-serine 339 is an essential regulatory event for Ras-dependent activation and biological signaling.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Elenius K, Paul S, Allison G, Sun J, Klagsbrun M.; ''Activation of HER4 by heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor stimulates chemotaxis but not proliferation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Li Z, Mei Y, Liu X, Zhou M.; ''Neuregulin-1 only induces trans-phosphorylation between ErbB receptor heterodimer partners.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Luik RM, Wang B, Prakriya M, Wu MM, Lewis RS.; ''Oligomerization of STIM1 couples ER calcium depletion to CRAC channel activation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Kiryushko D, Berezin V, Bock E.; ''Regulators of neurite outgrowth: role of cell adhesion molecules.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Ni CY, Murphy MP, Golde TE, Carpenter G.; ''gamma -Secretase cleavage and nuclear localization of ErbB-4 receptor tyrosine kinase.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Nikolaev SI, Rimoldi D, Iseli C, Valsesia A, Robyr D, Gehrig C, Harshman K, Guipponi M, Bukach O, Zoete V, Michielin O, Muehlethaler K, Speiser D, Beckmann JS, Xenarios I, Halazonetis TD, Jongeneel CV, Stevenson BJ, Antonarakis SE.; ''Exome sequencing identifies recurrent somatic MAP2K1 and MAP2K2 mutations in melanoma.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Krauthammer M, Kong Y, Bacchiocchi A, Evans P, Pornputtapong N, Wu C, McCusker JP, Ma S, Cheng E, Straub R, Serin M, Bosenberg M, Ariyan S, Narayan D, Sznol M, Kluger HM, Mane S, Schlessinger J, Lifton RP, Halaban R.; ''Exome sequencing identifies recurrent mutations in NF1 and RASopathy genes in sun-exposed melanomas.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Fu SM, Winchester RJ, Kunkel HG.; ''Occurrence of surface IgM, IgD, and free light chains of human lymphocytes.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Roskoski R.; ''RAF protein-serine/threonine kinases: structure and regulation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Williams EJ, Furness J, Walsh FS, Doherty P.; ''Activation of the FGF receptor underlies neurite outgrowth stimulated by L1, N-CAM, and N-cadherin.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Saouaf SJ, Kut SA, Fargnoli J, Rowley RB, Bolen JB, Mahajan S.; ''Reconstitution of the B cell antigen receptor signaling components in COS cells.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Turnbull IR, Colonna M.; ''Activating and inhibitory functions of DAP12.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Panicker AK, Buhusi M, Thelen K, Maness PF.; ''Cellular signalling mechanisms of neural cell adhesion molecules.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Naresh A, Long W, Vidal GA, Wimley WC, Marrero L, Sartor CI, Tovey S, Cooke TG, Bartlett JM, Jones FE.; ''The ERBB4/HER4 intracellular domain 4ICD is a BH3-only protein promoting apoptosis of breast cancer cells.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Tzahar E, Levkowitz G, Karunagaran D, Yi L, Peles E, Lavi S, Chang D, Liu N, Yayon A, Wen D.; ''ErbB-3 and ErbB-4 function as the respective low and high affinity receptors of all Neu differentiation factor/heregulin isoforms.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Nel AE, Landreth GE, Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ, Tung HE, Galbraith RM.; ''Enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation in B lymphocytes upon complexing of membrane immunoglobulin.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Yeung K, Janosch P, McFerran B, Rose DW, Mischak H, Sedivy JM, Kolch W.; ''Mechanism of suppression of the Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway by the raf kinase inhibitor protein.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Zhang BH, Guan KL.; ''Activation of B-Raf kinase requires phosphorylation of the conserved residues Thr598 and Ser601.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Adachi M, Fukuda M, Nishida E.; ''Two co-existing mechanisms for nuclear import of MAP kinase: passive diffusion of a monomer and active transport of a dimer.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Rio C, Buxbaum JD, Peschon JJ, Corfas G.; ''Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme is required for cleavage of erbB4/HER4.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Kim YJ, Sekiya F, Poulin B, Bae YS, Rhee SG.; ''Mechanism of B-cell receptor-induced phosphorylation and activation of phospholipase C-gamma2.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Sim GC, Radvanyi L.; ''The IL-2 cytokine family in cancer immunotherapy.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Henry JR, Kaufman MD, Peng SB, Ahn YM, Caldwell TM, Vogeti L, Telikepalli H, Lu WP, Hood MM, Rutkoski TJ, Smith BD, Vogeti S, Miller D, Wise SC, Chun L, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Kays L, Hipskind PA, Wrobleski AD, Lobb KL, Clay JM, Cohen JD, Walgren JL, McCann D, Patel P, Clawson DK, Guo S, Manglicmot D, Groshong C, Logan C, Starling JJ, Flynn DL.; ''Discovery of 1-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-3-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(7-methyl-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenyl)urea (LY3009120) as a pan-RAF inhibitor with minimal paradoxical activation and activity against BRAF or RAS mutant tumor cells.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Genau HM, Huber J, Baschieri F, Akutsu M, Dötsch V, Farhan H, Rogov V, Behrends C.; ''CUL3-KBTBD6/KBTBD7 ubiquitin ligase cooperates with GABARAP proteins to spatially restrict TIAM1-RAC1 signaling.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Hou S, Suresh PS, Qi X, Lepp A, Mirza SP, Chen G.; ''p38γ Mitogen-activated protein kinase signals through phosphorylating its phosphatase PTPH1 in regulating ras protein oncogenesis and stress response.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Lorenz K, Schmid E, Deiss K.; ''RKIP: a governor of intracellular signaling.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Roy M, Li Z, Sacks DB.; ''IQGAP1 binds ERK2 and modulates its activity.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Sosman JA, Kim KB, Schuchter L, Gonzalez R, Pavlick AC, Weber JS, McArthur GA, Hutson TE, Moschos SJ, Flaherty KT, Hersey P, Kefford R, Lawrence D, Puzanov I, Lewis KD, Amaravadi RK, Chmielowski B, Lawrence HJ, Shyr Y, Ye F, Li J, Nolop KB, Lee RJ, Joe AK, Ribas A.; ''Survival in BRAF V600-mutant advanced melanoma treated with vemurafenib.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Kaushansky A, Gordus A, Budnik BA, Lane WS, Rush J, MacBeath G.; ''System-wide investigation of ErbB4 reveals 19 sites of Tyr phosphorylation that are unusually selective in their recruitment properties.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Kyriakis JM, Avruch J.; ''Mammalian MAPK signal transduction pathways activated by stress and inflammation: a 10-year update.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Ishii N, Harada N, Joseph EW, Ohara K, Miura T, Sakamoto H, Matsuda Y, Tomii Y, Tachibana-Kondo Y, Iikura H, Aoki T, Shimma N, Arisawa M, Sowa Y, Poulikakos PI, Rosen N, Aoki Y, Sakai T.; ''Enhanced inhibition of ERK signaling by a novel allosteric MEK inhibitor, CH5126766, that suppresses feedback reactivation of RAF activity.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Ahearn I, Zhou M, Philips MR.; ''Posttranslational Modifications of RAS Proteins.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Zhang X, Ibrahimi OA, Olsen SK, Umemori H, Mohammadi M, Ornitz DM.; ''Receptor specificity of the fibroblast growth factor family. The complete mammalian FGF family.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Goetz CA, O'Neil JJ, Farrar MA.; ''Membrane localization, oligomerization, and phosphorylation are required for optimal raf activation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Burack WR, Shaw AS.; ''Live Cell Imaging of ERK and MEK: simple binding equilibrium explains the regulated nucleocytoplasmic distribution of ERK.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Aqeilan RI, Donati V, Palamarchuk A, Trapasso F, Kaou M, Pekarsky Y, Sudol M, Croce CM.; ''WW domain-containing proteins, WWOX and YAP, compete for interaction with ErbB-4 and modulate its transcriptional function.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Hennig A, Markwart R, Esparza-Franco MA, Ladds G, Rubio I.; ''Ras activation revisited: role of GEF and GAP systems.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Huang EJ, Reichardt LF.; ''Trk receptors: roles in neuronal signal transduction.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Parrella E, Longo VD.; ''Insulin/IGF-I and related signaling pathways regulate aging in nondividing cells: from yeast to the mammalian brain.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Akdis M, Burgler S, Crameri R, Eiwegger T, Fujita H, Gomez E, Klunker S, Meyer N, O'Mahony L, Palomares O, Rhyner C, Ouaked N, Schaffartzik A, Van De Veen W, Zeller S, Zimmermann M, Akdis CA.; ''Interleukins, from 1 to 37, and interferon-γ: receptors, functions, and roles in diseases.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Tsang M, Friesel R, Kudoh T, Dawid IB.; ''Identification of Sef, a novel modulator of FGF signalling.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Estep AL, Palmer C, McCormick F, Rauen KA.; ''Mutation analysis of BRAF, MEK1 and MEK2 in 15 ovarian cancer cell lines: implications for therapy.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Fürthauer M, Lin W, Ang SL, Thisse B, Thisse C.; ''Sef is a feedback-induced antagonist of Ras/MAPK-mediated FGF signalling.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Dougherty MK, Müller J, Ritt DA, Zhou M, Zhou XZ, Copeland TD, Conrads TP, Veenstra TD, Lu KP, Morrison DK.; ''Regulation of Raf-1 by direct feedback phosphorylation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Kondoh K, Nishida E.; ''Regulation of MAP kinases by MAP kinase phosphatases.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Raabe T, Rapp UR.; ''Ras signaling: PP2A puts Ksr and Raf in the right place.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Riese DJ, van Raaij TM, Plowman GD, Andrews GC, Stern DF.; ''The cellular response to neuregulins is governed by complex interactions of the erbB receptor family.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Samatar AA, Poulikakos PI.; ''Targeting RAS-ERK signalling in cancer: promises and challenges.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Matallanas D, Birtwistle M, Romano D, Zebisch A, Rauch J, von Kriegsheim A, Kolch W.; ''Raf family kinases: old dogs have learned new tricks.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Roy M, Li Z, Sacks DB.; ''IQGAP1 is a scaffold for mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Catalanotti F, Reyes G, Jesenberger V, Galabova-Kovacs G, de Matos Simoes R, Carugo O, Baccarini M.; ''A Mek1-Mek2 heterodimer determines the strength and duration of the Erk signal.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Geng F, Zhang J, Wu JL, Zou WJ, Liang ZP, Bi LL, Liu JH, Kong Y, Huang CQ, Li XW, Yang JM, Gao TM.; ''Neuregulin 1-ErbB4 signaling in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis regulates anxiety-like behavior.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Sweeney C, Lai C, Riese DJ, Diamonti AJ, Cantley LC, Carraway KL.; ''Ligand discrimination in signaling through an ErbB4 receptor homodimer.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Rajakulendran T, Sahmi M, Lefrançois M, Sicheri F, Therrien M.; ''A dimerization-dependent mechanism drives RAF catalytic activation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Terai K, Matsuda M.; ''Ras binding opens c-Raf to expose the docking site for mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Marks JL, Gong Y, Chitale D, Golas B, McLellan MD, Kasai Y, Ding L, Mardis ER, Wilson RK, Solit D, Levine R, Michel K, Thomas RK, Rusch VW, Ladanyi M, Pao W.; ''Novel MEK1 mutation identified by mutational analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway genes in lung adenocarcinoma.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Rodriguez-Viciana P, Warne PH, Vanhaesebroeck B, Waterfield MD, Downward J.; ''Activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase by interaction with Ras and by point mutation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Gentry LR, Martin TD, Reiner DJ, Der CJ.; ''Ral small GTPase signaling and oncogenesis: More than just 15minutes of fame.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Nakamura A, Arita T, Tsuchiya S, Donelan J, Chouitar J, Carideo E, Galvin K, Okaniwa M, Ishikawa T, Yoshida S.; ''Antitumor activity of the selective pan-RAF inhibitor TAK-632 in BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Lito P, Saborowski A, Yue J, Solomon M, Joseph E, Gadal S, Saborowski M, Kastenhuber E, Fellmann C, Ohara K, Morikami K, Miura T, Lukacs C, Ishii N, Lowe S, Rosen N.; ''Disruption of CRAF-mediated MEK activation is required for effective MEK inhibition in KRAS mutant tumors.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Stowe IB, Mercado EL, Stowe TR, Bell EL, Oses-Prieto JA, Hernández H, Burlingame AL, McCormick F.; ''A shared molecular mechanism underlies the human rasopathies Legius syndrome and Neurofibromatosis-1.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Hu J, Stites EC, Yu H, Yu H, Germino EA, Meharena HS, Stork PJS, Kornev AP, Taylor SS, Shaw AS.; ''Allosteric activation of functionally asymmetric RAF kinase dimers.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Kainulainen V, Sundvall M, Määttä JA, Santiestevan E, Klagsbrun M, Elenius K.; ''A natural ErbB4 isoform that does not activate phosphoinositide 3-kinase mediates proliferation but not survival or chemotaxis.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Chaikuad A, Tacconi EM, Zimmer J, Liang Y, Gray NS, Tarsounas M, Knapp S.; ''A unique inhibitor binding site in ERK1/2 is associated with slow binding kinetics.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Cheng QC, Tikhomirov O, Zhou W, Carpenter G.; ''Ectodomain cleavage of ErbB-4: characterization of the cleavage site and m80 fragment.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Bourne HR, Sanders DA, McCormick F.; ''The GTPase superfamily: conserved structure and molecular mechanism.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Tohgo A, Choy EW, Gesty-Palmer D, Pierce KL, Laporte S, Oakley RH, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ, Luttrell LM.; ''The stability of the G protein-coupled receptor-beta-arrestin interaction determines the mechanism and functional consequence of ERK activation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Coggeshall KM, McHugh JC, Altman A.; ''Predominant expression and activation-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma 2 in B lymphocytes.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Vigil D, Cherfils J, Rossman KL, Der CJ.; ''Ras superfamily GEFs and GAPs: validated and tractable targets for cancer therapy?''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Catling AD, Schaeffer HJ, Reuter CW, Reddy GR, Weber MJ.; ''A proline-rich sequence unique to MEK1 and MEK2 is required for raf binding and regulates MEK function.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Chitnis MM, Yuen JS, Protheroe AS, Pollak M, Macaulay VM.; ''The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor pathway.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Suire S, Hawkins P, Stephens L.; ''Activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma by Ras.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Chen C, Lewis RE, White MA.; ''IMP modulates KSR1-dependent multivalent complex formation to specify ERK1/2 pathway activation and response thresholds.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Bradshaw JM.; ''The Src, Syk, and Tec family kinases: distinct types of molecular switches.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Gripp KW, Aldinger KA, Bennett JT, Baker L, Tusi J, Powell-Hamilton N, Stabley D, Sol-Church K, Timms AE, Dobyns WB.; ''A novel rasopathy caused by recurrent de novo missense mutations in PPP1CB closely resembles Noonan syndrome with loose anagen hair.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Hu J, Yu H, Yu H, Kornev AP, Zhao J, Filbert EL, Taylor SS, Shaw AS.; ''Mutation that blocks ATP binding creates a pseudokinase stabilizing the scaffolding function of kinase suppressor of Ras, CRAF and BRAF.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Lavoie H, Therrien M.; ''Regulation of RAF protein kinases in ERK signalling.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Morris EJ, Jha S, Restaino CR, Dayananth P, Zhu H, Cooper A, Carr D, Deng Y, Jin W, Black S, Long B, Liu J, Dinunzio E, Windsor W, Zhang R, Zhao S, Angagaw MH, Pinheiro EM, Desai J, Xiao L, Shipps G, Hruza A, Wang J, Kelly J, Paliwal S, Gao X, Babu BS, Zhu L, Daublain P, Zhang L, Lutterbach BA, Pelletier MR, Philippar U, Siliphaivanh P, Witter D, Kirschmeier P, Bishop WR, Hicklin D, Gilliland DG, Jayaraman L, Zawel L, Fawell S, Samatar AA.; ''Discovery of a novel ERK inhibitor with activity in models of acquired resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Shin SY, Rath O, Choo SM, Fee F, McFerran B, Kolch W, Cho KH.; ''Positive- and negative-feedback regulations coordinate the dynamic behavior of the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signal transduction pathway.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Montagut C, Sharma SV, Shioda T, McDermott U, Ulman M, Ulkus LE, Dias-Santagata D, Stubbs H, Lee DY, Singh A, Drew L, Haber DA, Settleman J.; ''Elevated CRAF as a potential mechanism of acquired resistance to BRAF inhibition in melanoma.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Teis D, Wunderlich W, Huber LA.; ''Localization of the MP1-MAPK scaffold complex to endosomes is mediated by p14 and required for signal transduction.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Feng SM, Muraoka-Cook RS, Hunter D, Sandahl MA, Caskey LS, Miyazawa K, Atfi A, Earp HS.; ''The E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP1 selectively targets HER4 and its proteolytically derived signaling isoforms for degradation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Cseh B, Doma E, Baccarini M.; ''"RAF" neighborhood: protein-protein interaction in the Raf/Mek/Erk pathway.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Ohren JF, Chen H, Pavlovsky A, Whitehead C, Zhang E, Kuffa P, Yan C, McConnell P, Spessard C, Banotai C, Mueller WT, Delaney A, Omer C, Sebolt-Leopold J, Dudley DT, Leung IK, Flamme C, Warmus J, Kaufman M, Barrett S, Tecle H, Hasemann CA.; ''Structures of human MAP kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) and MEK2 describe novel noncompetitive kinase inhibition.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Heldin CH, Westermark B.; ''Mechanism of action and in vivo role of platelet-derived growth factor.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Salzano M, Rusciano MR, Russo E, Bifulco M, Postiglione L, Vitale M.; ''Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) phosphorylates Raf-1 at serine 338 and mediates Ras-stimulated Raf-1 activation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Boga SB, Deng Y, Zhu L, Nan Y, Cooper AB, Shipps GW, Doll R, Shih NY, Zhu H, Sun R, Wang T, Paliwal S, Tsui HC, Gao X, Yao X, Desai J, Wang J, Alhassan AB, Kelly J, Patel M, Muppalla K, Gudipati S, Zhang LK, Buevich A, Hesk D, Carr D, Dayananth P, Black S, Mei H, Cox K, Sherborne B, Hruza AW, Xiao L, Jin W, Long B, Liu G, Taylor SA, Kirschmeier P, Windsor WT, Bishop R, Samatar AA.; ''MK-8353: Discovery of an Orally Bioavailable Dual Mechanism ERK Inhibitor for Oncology.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Luo X, Feng L, Jiang X, Xiao F, Wang Z, Feng GS, Chen Y.; ''Characterization of the topology and functional domains of RKTG.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Prior IA, Lewis PD, Mattos C.; ''A comprehensive survey of Ras mutations in cancer.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Baldock D, Graham B, Akhlaq M, Graff P, Jones CE, Menear K.; ''Purification and characterization of human Syk produced using a baculovirus expression system.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Roskoski R.; ''MEK1/2 dual-specificity protein kinases: structure and regulation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Brunet A, Pagès G, Pouysségur J.; ''Growth factor-stimulated MAP kinase induces rapid retrophosphorylation and inhibition of MAP kinase kinase (MEK1).''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Crosier PS, Ricciardi ST, Hall LR, Vitas MR, Clark SC, Crosier KE.; ''Expression of isoforms of the human receptor tyrosine kinase c-kit in leukemic cell lines and acute myeloid leukemia.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Chen RH, Sarnecki C, Blenis J.; ''Nuclear localization and regulation of erk- and rsk-encoded protein kinases.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Relou IA, Bax LA, van Rijn HJ, Akkerman JW.; ''Site-specific phosphorylation of platelet focal adhesion kinase by low-density lipoprotein.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Whittaker SR, Theurillat JP, Van Allen E, Wagle N, Hsiao J, Cowley GS, Schadendorf D, Root DE, Garraway LA.; ''A genome-scale RNA interference screen implicates NF1 loss in resistance to RAF inhibition.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Schulze WX, Deng L, Mann M.; ''Phosphotyrosine interactome of the ErbB-receptor kinase family.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Schlessinger J.; ''Ligand-induced, receptor-mediated dimerization and activation of EGF receptor.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Matsubayashi Y, Fukuda M, Nishida E.; ''Evidence for existence of a nuclear pore complex-mediated, cytosol-independent pathway of nuclear translocation of ERK MAP kinase in permeabilized cells.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Blank U, Rivera J.; ''The ins and outs of IgE-dependent mast-cell exocytosis.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Cherfils J, Zeghouf M.; ''Regulation of small GTPases by GEFs, GAPs, and GDIs.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
McGillicuddy LT, Fromm JA, Hollstein PE, Kubek S, Beroukhim R, De Raedt T, Johnson BW, Williams SM, Nghiemphu P, Liau LM, Cloughesy TF, Mischel PS, Parret A, Seiler J, Moldenhauer G, Scheffzek K, Stemmer-Rachamimov AO, Sawyers CL, Brennan C, Messiaen L, Mellinghoff IK, Cichowski K.; ''Proteasomal and genetic inactivation of the NF1 tumor suppressor in gliomagenesis.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Chadee DN, Kyriakis JM.; ''A novel role for mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) in B-Raf activation and cell proliferation.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Paatero I, Jokilammi A, Heikkinen PT, Iljin K, Kallioniemi OP, Jones FE, Jaakkola PM, Elenius K.; ''Interaction with ErbB4 promotes hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signaling.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
King PD, Lubeck BA, Lapinski PE.; ''Nonredundant functions for Ras GTPase-activating proteins in tissue homeostasis.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Cantwell-Dorris ER, O'Leary JJ, Sheils OM.; ''BRAFV600E: implications for carcinogenesis and molecular therapy.''; PubMedEurope PMCScholia
MEK-1/2 have a proline rich domain (P) and critical Serine residues (MEK-1 S218/222, MEK-2 unknown, S) upon which the molecules may be phosphorylated. MEK1/2 are found in the cytoplasm of unstimulated cells. MEK-1/2 bind to active Raf-1 via the proline-rich domain. Active Raf-1 is able to phosphorylate target Serine and Threonine residues in the presence of ATP.
In the cytoplasm activated MEK1 (Serine phosphorylated) may encounter monomeric, inactive ERK1. ERK1 in its inactive form is not phosphorylated on a critical Threonine (T) and a critical Tyrosine (Y).
At the beginning of this reaction, 2 molecules of 'ATP', and 1 molecule of 'MEK1' are present. At the end of this reaction, 1 molecule of 'phospho_MEK1', and 2 molecules of 'ADP' are present.
This reaction takes place in the 'cytosol' and is mediated by the 'protein serine/threonine kinase activity' of 'phospho-Cdc2 (Thr 161)'.
Inactive Raf-1 is associated in the cytoplasm with 14-3-3. 14-3-3 binds to Raf-1 via the Ser259 phosphorylation site (S1). This interaction stabilises the inactive conformation of Raf-1 in which the Ras-binding Cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is obscured. The Raf-1 molecule contains an additional p21ras-binding domain (RBD), a second serine phosphorylation site at S621 (S2) and two tyrosine phosphorylation sites (at 340, Y1 and 341, Y2).
A key event for Ras transformation involves the direct physical association between Ras and the Raf-1 kinase. This interaction promotes both Raf translocation to the plasma membrane and activation of Raf kinase activity.
Activated p21ras (the GTP-bound form) is associated with the plasma membrane. Inactive Raf-1 is associated in the cytoplasm with 14-3-3. 14-3-3 binds to Raf-1 via the Ser259 phosphorylation site (S1). This interaction stabilises the inactive conformation of Raf-1 in which the Ras-binding Cysteine-rich domain (CRD) is obscured. The Raf-1 molecule contains an additional p21ras-binding domain (RBD), a second serine phosphorylation site at S621 (S2) and two tyrosine phosphorylation sites (at 340, Y1 and 341, Y2). Raf-1 binds activated p21ras via the RBD. This displaces 14-3-3 from Ser259 and unmasks the CRD.
In the cytoplasm activated MEK2 (Serine phosphorylated) may encounter monomeric, inactive ERK2. ERK2 in its inactive form is not phosphorylated on a critical Threonine (T183) and a critical Tyrosine (Y185).
An unidentified protein tyrosine kinase located in the plasma membrane phosphorylates tyrosine residues at 340 and 341 (Y1, Y2 in diagram) of Raf-1. This serves to further stabilise the active 'open' Raf-1 conformation. While the kinase has not been definitively identified, Src is a plausible candidate: coexpression of Raf-1 and Src in Sf9 cells resulted in phosphorylation of Y340/Y341 and enzymatic activationof Raf-1; Raf-1 interacts with Src and co-immunoprecipitates with Src/Fyn in NIH-3T3 cells.
14-3-3 has been displaced from Ser259. 14-3-3 may now bind its higher affinity Ser621 (S2) site. This stabilises an 'open' Raf-1 conformation that is catalytically active, and bound to p21ras via both p21ras-binding domains, CRD and RBD.
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RAF
14-3-3GTP
p-Raf1Annotated Interactions
RAF
14-3-3MEK-1/2 bind to active Raf-1 via the proline-rich domain. Active Raf-1 is able to phosphorylate target Serine and Threonine residues in the presence of ATP.
This reaction takes place in the 'cytosol' and is mediated by the 'protein serine/threonine kinase activity' of 'phospho-Cdc2 (Thr 161)'.
Raf-1 binds activated p21ras via the RBD. This displaces 14-3-3 from Ser259 and unmasks the CRD.