Meiotic synapsis (Homo sapiens)

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5, 92, 722, 84, 101, 36Axial/Lateral Element of Synaptonemal Complex Axial/Lateral Element of Synaptonemal Complex nucleoplasmSynaptonemalBRCA1 Complex Nucleosome containing Histone gamma-H2A.x Extended And Processed Telomere End and Associated DNA Binding and Packaging Protein Complex Folded Into Higher Order Structure Meiotic Cohesin Complex Shelterin complex Shelterin complex Axial/Lateral Element of Synaptonemal Complex Meiotic Cohesin Complex Meiotic Cohesin Complex Meiotic Cohesin Complex Axial/Lateral Element of Synaptonemal Complex SynaptonemalBRCA1ATR Complex Extended And Processed Telomere End Folded Into Higher Order Structure Extended And Processed Telomere End Folded Into Higher Order Structure Synaptonemal Complex Transverse Filament of Synaptonemal Complex Extended And Processed Telomere End and Associated DNA Binding and Packaging Protein Complex Folded Into Higher Order Structure SynaptonemalBRCA1 Complex Telomere Attachment Plate Axial/Lateral Element of Synaptonemal Complex Central Element of Synaptonemal Complex Unsynapsed Chromatin containing gamma-H2A.x Nucleosome containing Histone H2A.x Nucleosome containing Histone H2A.x Meiotic Cohesin Complex Axial/Lateral Element of Synaptonemal Complex Axial/Lateral Element of Synaptonemal Complex Nucleosome Meiotic Cohesin Complex nuclear envelopeUnsynapsed Chromatin Unsynapsed Chromatin Nucleosome containing Histone H2A.x Meiotic Cohesin Complex Unsynapsed Chromatin Nucleosome Meiotic Cohesin Complex ACD SMC3 ADPSYCP2 REC8 TERF1 TEX12 TERF2 SYCP2 SMC1B SMC1A SUN2HIST1H4A LMNB1SYCP3 STAG1 REC8 SMC1A SMC1A HSPA2STAG2 STAG3 RAD21 SMC1B RAD21 SMC3 STAG2 STAG3 HIST1H4A SYCP2 TERF1 REC8 STAG3 STAG3 STAG3 REC8 SMC3 SYCP1 SMC1B DIDO1-1 ACD REC8 Synaptonemal ComplexFKBP6SUN1 POT1 SYCE1ATR RAD21 SynaptonemalBRCA1 ComplexDIDO1-1SMC1B H2AFX SMC1B SMC1A SYNE1HIST3H3 H2AFX SMC1A LMNB1Extended And Processed Telomere End and Associated DNA Binding and Packaging Protein Complex Folded Into Higher Order Structurep-S139-H2AFX HIST3H3 SYCP3 STAG1 HIST1H4A RAD21 SYCP3 TINF2 STAG1 Telomere Attachment PlateMeiotic Cohesin ComplexTINF2 STAG1 SYCP2 SYNE1 HIST1H4A RAD21 HIST3H3 REC8 SUN1Unsynapsed ChromatinSYCP3 SYCP3FKBP6 ATPHIST1H4A SMC3 SMC3 STAG2 STAG1 STAG1 STAG3 TEX12SMC1B SUN2 SYCP2 H2AFX STAG1 BRCA1 SYCP3 SMC3 STAG2 STAG1 SYCE1 RAD21 UBE2I SMC1B ATRREC8 TERF2IPSYCP2 SMC3 STAG2 HIST3H3 RAD21 SYCP3 SMC1A SYCE2Unsynapsed Chromatin containing gamma-H2A.xPOT1 SYCE2 SYCP3 Axial/Lateral Element of Synaptonemal ComplexSTAG2 BRCA1 STAG2 UBE2ISTAG2 SMC1A HIST1H4A SMC1A HIST3H3 LMNA-2 SMC3 SYNE2 LMNA-2SYNE2HIST3H3 TERF2 BRCA1SMC1B STAG3 HSPA2 RAD21 SYCP2 SYCP1TERF2IPSYCP2REC8 SynaptonemalBRCA1ATR ComplexSTAG3 22


Description

Meiotic synapsis is the stable physical pairing of homologous chromosomes that begins in leptonema of prophase I and lasts until anaphase of prophase I. First, short segments of axial elements form along chromosomes. Telomeres then cluster at a region of the inner nuclear membrane and axial elements extend and fuse along the length of the chromosomes. Subsequent to the initiation of recombination transverse filaments of SYCP1 link axial/lateral elements to a central element containing SYCE1 and SYCE2, thus forming the synaptonemal complex (reviewed in Yang and Wang 2009).
Unsynapsed regions are silenced during pachynema by recruitment of BRCA1 and ATR, which phosphorylates histone H2AX (reviewed in Inagaki et al. 2010). Original Pathway at Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#DB=gk_current&FOCUS_SPECIES_ID=48887&FOCUS_PATHWAY_ID=1221632

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Bibliography

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  1. Inagaki A, Schoenmakers S, Baarends WM.; ''DNA double strand break repair, chromosome synapsis and transcriptional silencing in meiosis.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  2. Scully R, Chen J, Plug A, Xiao Y, Weaver D, Feunteun J, Ashley T, Livingston DM.; ''Association of BRCA1 with Rad51 in mitotic and meiotic cells.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  3. Prieto I, Tease C, Pezzi N, Buesa JM, Ortega S, Kremer L, Martínez A, Martínez-A C, Hultén MA, Barbero JL.; ''Cohesin component dynamics during meiotic prophase I in mammalian oocytes.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  4. Yang F, Wang PJ.; ''The Mammalian synaptonemal complex: a scaffold and beyond.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  5. Garcia-Cruz R, Roig I, Robles P, Scherthan H, Garcia Caldés M.; ''ATR, BRCA1 and gammaH2AX localize to unsynapsed chromosomes at the pachytene stage in human oocytes.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  6. Garcia-Cruz R, Brieño MA, Roig I, Grossmann M, Velilla E, Pujol A, Cabero L, Pessarrodona A, Barbero JL, Garcia Caldés M.; ''Dynamics of cohesin proteins REC8, STAG3, SMC1 beta and SMC3 are consistent with a role in sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis in human oocytes.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  7. Ward IM, Chen J.; ''Histone H2AX is phosphorylated in an ATR-dependent manner in response to replicational stress.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  8. Tarsounas M, Pearlman RE, Gasser PJ, Park MS, Moens PB.; ''Protein-protein interactions in the synaptonemal complex.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  9. Scherthan H, Weich S, Schwegler H, Heyting C, Härle M, Cremer T.; ''Centromere and telomere movements during early meiotic prophase of mouse and man are associated with the onset of chromosome pairing.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  10. Roig I, Liebe B, Egozcue J, Cabero L, Garcia M, Scherthan H.; ''Female-specific features of recombinational double-stranded DNA repair in relation to synapsis and telomere dynamics in human oocytes.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

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CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
114710view16:19, 25 January 2021ReactomeTeamReactome version 75
113155view11:22, 2 November 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 74
112383view15:31, 9 October 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 73
101286view11:17, 1 November 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 66
100823view20:48, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 65
100364view19:23, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 64
99910view16:06, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 63
99466view14:39, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62 (2nd attempt)
99121view12:40, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62
93808view13:37, 16 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
93350view11:21, 9 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
87987view13:23, 25 July 2016RyanmillerOntology Term : 'cell cycle pathway, meiotic' added !
87882view12:20, 25 July 2016RyanmillerOntology Term : 'regulatory pathway' added !
86434view09:18, 11 July 2016ReactomeTeamreactome version 56
83156view10:11, 18 November 2015ReactomeTeamVersion54
81763view10:09, 26 August 2015ReactomeTeamVersion53
76957view08:23, 17 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
76662view12:03, 16 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
75991view10:05, 11 June 2014ReactomeTeamRe-fixing comment source
75694view11:03, 10 June 2014ReactomeTeamReactome 48 Update
75050view13:56, 8 May 2014AnweshaFixing comment source for displaying WikiPathways description
74694view08:46, 30 April 2014ReactomeTeamNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

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NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
ACD ProteinQ96AP0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ADPMetaboliteCHEBI:16761 (ChEBI)
ATPMetaboliteCHEBI:15422 (ChEBI)
ATR ProteinQ13535 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ATRProteinQ13535 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Axial/Lateral Element of Synaptonemal ComplexComplexREACT_76597 (Reactome)
BRCA1 ProteinP38398 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
BRCA1ProteinP38398 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DIDO1-1 ProteinQ9BTC0-1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
DIDO1-1ProteinQ9BTC0-1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Extended And Processed Telomere End and Associated DNA Binding and Packaging Protein Complex Folded Into Higher Order StructureComplexREACT_8525 (Reactome)
FKBP6 ProteinO75344 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FKBP6ProteinO75344 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
H2AFX ProteinP16104 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HIST1H4A ProteinP62805 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HIST3H3 ProteinQ16695 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HSPA2 ProteinP54652 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HSPA2ProteinP54652 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LMNA-2 ProteinP02545-2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LMNA-2ProteinP02545-2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LMNB1ProteinP20700 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Meiotic Cohesin ComplexComplexREACT_76256 (Reactome)
POT1 ProteinQ9NUX5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RAD21 ProteinO60216 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
REC8 ProteinO95072 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SMC1A ProteinQ14683 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SMC1B ProteinQ8NDV3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SMC3 ProteinQ9UQE7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
STAG1 ProteinQ8WVM7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
STAG2 ProteinQ8N3U4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
STAG3 ProteinQ9UJ98 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SUN1 ProteinO94901 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SUN1ProteinO94901 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SUN2 ProteinQ9UH99 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SUN2ProteinQ9UH99 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCE1 ProteinQ8N0S2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCE1ProteinQ8N0S2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCE2 ProteinQ6PIF2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCE2ProteinQ6PIF2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCP1 ProteinQ15431 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCP1ProteinQ15431 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCP2 ProteinQ9BX26 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCP2ProteinQ9BX26 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCP3 ProteinQ8IZU3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYCP3ProteinQ8IZU3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYNE1 ProteinQ8NF91 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYNE1ProteinQ8NF91 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYNE2 ProteinQ8WXH0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYNE2ProteinQ8WXH0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Synaptonemal

BRCA1

ATR Complex		ComplexREACT_75938 (Reactome)
Synaptonemal BRCA1 ComplexComplexREACT_76427 (Reactome) BRCA1 localizes to axial elements of the synaptonemal complex in unsynapsed regions of chromosomes. The localization requires SYCP1 of the synaptonemal complex.
Synaptonemal ComplexComplexREACT_76002 (Reactome)
TERF1 ProteinP54274 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TERF2 ProteinQ15554 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TERF2IPProteinQ9NYB0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TEX12 ProteinQ9BXU0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TEX12ProteinQ9BXU0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TINF2 ProteinQ9BSI4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Telomere Attachment PlateComplexREACT_76658 (Reactome)
UBE2I ProteinP63279 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
UBE2IProteinP63279 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Unsynapsed Chromatin containing gamma-H2A.xComplexREACT_75943 (Reactome)
Unsynapsed ChromatinComplexREACT_76872 (Reactome)
p-S139-H2AFX ProteinP16104 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)

Annotated Interactions

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SourceTargetTypeDatabase referenceComment
ADPArrowREACT_75904 (Reactome)
ATPREACT_75904 (Reactome)
ATRREACT_75923 (Reactome)
Axial/Lateral Element of Synaptonemal ComplexREACT_75817 (Reactome)
Axial/Lateral Element of Synaptonemal ComplexREACT_75849 (Reactome)
BRCA1REACT_75884 (Reactome)
DIDO1-1REACT_75849 (Reactome)
Extended And Processed Telomere End and Associated DNA Binding and Packaging Protein Complex Folded Into Higher Order StructureREACT_75817 (Reactome)
FKBP6REACT_75849 (Reactome)
HSPA2REACT_75849 (Reactome)
LMNA-2REACT_75817 (Reactome)
LMNB1REACT_75817 (Reactome)
Meiotic Cohesin ComplexREACT_75874 (Reactome)
REACT_75817 (Reactome) As sections of the axial elements form, the telomeres migrate to one site on the inner nuclear membrane to form the telomere bouquet (Scherthan et al. 1996). A current model shows the synaptonemal complex interacting with SUN1 and SUN2, which span the inner membrane and bind Nesprin-1 and Nesprin-2, which span the outer membrane and bind cytoplasmic actin. Lamin-B1 and Lamin-C2 are located adjacent to the attachment plate on the inner membrane.
REACT_75849 (Reactome) Initiation of recombination precedes and is required for synapsis (Roig et al. 2004). The synaptonemal complex forms when transverse filaments of SYCP1 link axial/lateral elements of sister chromatids to a central element comprising SYCE1, SYCE2, and other proteins (Tarsounas et al. 1997). The order of assembly is unknown.
REACT_75874 (Reactome) Axial elements begin assembling as short linear segments along the long axis of the chromosome in leptotene phase. Eventually the short segments will fuse to form the complete axial element along the entire length of the chromosome. After synapsis the axial elements are also known as lateral elements of the synaptonemal complex. Within axial elements the sister chromatids are bound together by meiotic cohesin (Prieto et al. 2004, Garcia-Cruz et al. 2010). The bound chromatids are anchored to a complex containing SYCP2 and SYCP3 via a direct or indirect interaction with cohesin (Garcia-Cruz et al. 2010).
REACT_75884 (Reactome) Unsynapsed regions of chromosomes are silenced during pachytene phase by a process called Meiotic Silencing of Unsynapsed Chromatin (MSUC) and, in the case of the X and Y chromosomes, Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation (MSCI). Unsynapsed meiotic chromatin recruits BRCA1 (Scully et al. 1997, Garcia-Cruz et al. 2009). In mouse, the recruitment requires SYCP3 of axial elements of the synaptonemal complex, which may remain exposed in unsynapsed regions.
REACT_75904 (Reactome) The ATR kinase phosphorylates histone H2A.X at serine 139 (Ward and Chen 2001, Garcia-Cruz et al. 2009).
REACT_75923 (Reactome) Unsynapsed regions of chromosomes accumulate BRCA1, the kinase ATR, and the phosphorylated histone gammaH2AX. In mouse the recruitment of ATR depends on BRCA1.
SUN1REACT_75817 (Reactome)
SUN2REACT_75817 (Reactome)
SYCE1REACT_75849 (Reactome)
SYCE2REACT_75849 (Reactome)
SYCP1REACT_75849 (Reactome)
SYCP2REACT_75874 (Reactome)
SYCP3REACT_75874 (Reactome)
SYNE1REACT_75817 (Reactome)
SYNE2REACT_75817 (Reactome)
Synaptonemal

BRCA1

ATR Complex		REACT_75904 (Reactome)
Synaptonemal BRCA1 ComplexREACT_75923 (Reactome)
TEX12REACT_75849 (Reactome)
UBE2IREACT_75849 (Reactome)
Unsynapsed Chromatin containing gamma-H2A.xArrowREACT_75904 (Reactome)
Unsynapsed ChromatinREACT_75884 (Reactome)
Unsynapsed ChromatinREACT_75904 (Reactome)
Retrieved from "https://classic.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP2731"
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