Peroxisomal lipid metabolism (Homo sapiens)

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734, 50, 5512, 4020, 5113, 19, 21, 31, 5341363, 4, 23, 33, 3728, 382, 354425, 3915, 4734, 50, 551813, 19, 21, 31, 534534, 50, 55426, 30, 5225, 39910, 1175, 7, 461, 2434, 50, 5516, 2632, 4122427, 4327, 29, 5417, 48814, 49peroxisomal matrixcytosolACBD4,5:LCFA-CoA,MCFA-CoAadenosine5'-monophosphate2oxo-PALMNUDT19HAO2 HSD17B4(1-736) Fe2+ MCFA-CoA, LCFA-CoAALDH3A2-2 NADHH2OCARPristanalPECR SCP2-1NAD+H2O3-ketohexacosanoyl-CoALCFA-CoA SUCCAACBD5 ACOT6 H2O(2R) Pristanoyl-CoAH2OFOR-CoAH2O23S2HPhy-CoAO2adenosine5'-monophosphate3Z-octenoyl-CoAACOX1 dimerSLC27A2CoA-SHFA-CoALCFA-CoA HAO2 tetramerATPCoA-SHCoA-SHMCFA Ac-CoAH2OHACL1 tetramer3',5'-ADPO2adenosine5'-monophosphate(2S) Pristanoyl-CoAALDH3A2-2 dimerH2O2pristanatePropionylcarnitineACOXL ACOT8 Ac-CoACoA-SHtetracosanoyl-CoAMCFA-CoA PHYH ECI2 NADPHMCFA-CoA, LCFA-CoAH2OPHYH:Fe++NUDT7NAD+t3enoyl-CoASLC25A17DECR2H+C26:0 CoAACOT4 MCFA-CoA ACARNADP+CoA-SHCoA-SHH2O22OGACOX3:FADH+LCtE-CoAH2OACOT84,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoAO2ECI2 trimerATPAMACRCH3COO-NAD+ACOT4,6,83-ketopristanoyl-CoANAD+trans-2,3-dehydropristanoyl-CoAABCD1 CoA-SHH2OACBD4 PPANT4,8-dimethylnonanoylcarnitineLCFA-CoA CROTCO2Ac-CoACO22OH-PALMNADHtrans-2,3-dehydrohexacosanoyl-CoAFAD ACOX3 ACBD5,(ACBD4)adenosine5'-monophosphateO23-hydroxyhexacosanoyl-CoAH+FAD PhytanateNADHO2NADP+PPiH2O22E-phytenoyl-CoALCFA ABCD1 homodimerHSD17B4 dimerCoA-SHMCFA-CoA CARATPacyl-PPANTACAA1EHHADHTPP ACOX2 MLYCD(40-493)Phytanoyl-CoAH+Mg2+ O2H+ACBD4 NADH4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAMCFA, LCFAOctanoyl-CoAFAD H+HCOOHpropionyl CoACRATMalonyl-CoAACBD5 NADHHACL1 C26:0 CoAACOX2:FAD, ACOXL:FADNADPHH2O2ACOX1-2 PECR tetramerH2OH+H2O2E-octenoyl-CoAPPi3-hydroxypristanoyl-CoANAD+51215442023


Description

In humans, the catabolism of phytanate, pristanate, and very long chain fatty acids as well as the first four steps of the biosynthesis of plasmalogens are catalyzed by peroxisomal enzymes. Defects in any of these enzymes or in the assembly of peroxisomes are associated with severe developmental disorders (Wanders and Watherham 2006). View original pathway at:Reactome.

Comments

Reactome-Converter 
Pathway is converted from Reactome ID: 390918
Reactome-version 
Reactome version: 65
Reactome Author 
Reactome Author: D'Eustachio, Peter

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Ontology Terms

 

Bibliography

View all...
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  31. Croes K, Van Veldhoven PP, Mannaerts GP, Casteels M.; ''Production of formyl-CoA during peroxisomal alpha-oxidation of 3-methyl-branched fatty acids.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
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  46. Vanhooren JC, Marynen P, Mannaerts GP, Van Veldhoven PP.; ''Evidence for the existence of a pristanoyl-CoA oxidase gene in man.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  47. Foulon V, Antonenkov VD, Croes K, Waelkens E, Mannaerts GP, Van Veldhoven PP, Casteels M.; ''Purification, molecular cloning, and expression of 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase, a peroxisomal thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the carbon-carbon bond cleavage during alpha-oxidation of 3-methyl-branched fatty acids.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  48. Gasmi L, McLennan AG.; ''The mouse Nudt7 gene encodes a peroxisomal nudix hydrolase specific for coenzyme A and its derivatives.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  49. Onwukwe GU, Kursula P, Koski MK, Schmitz W, Wierenga RK.; ''Human Δ³,Δ²-enoyl-CoA isomerase, type 2: a structural enzymology study on the catalytic role of its ACBP domain and helix-10.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  50. Gloerich J, Ruiter JP, van den Brink DM, Ofman R, Ferdinandusse S, Wanders RJ.; ''Peroxisomal trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase is involved in phytol degradation.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  51. Jiang LL, Kobayashi A, Matsuura H, Fukushima H, Hashimoto T.; ''Purification and properties of human D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase: medium-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase is D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  52. Ferdinandusse S, Kostopoulos P, Denis S, Rusch H, Overmars H, Dillmann U, Reith W, Haas D, Wanders RJ, Duran M, Marziniak M.; ''Mutations in the gene encoding peroxisomal sterol carrier protein X (SCPx) cause leukencephalopathy with dystonia and motor neuropathy.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  53. Ferdinandusse S, Denis S, van Berkel E, Dacremont G, Wanders RJ.; ''Peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation disorders and 58 kDa sterol carrier protein X (SCPx). Activity measurements in liver and fibroblasts using a newly developed method.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
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  55. Nazarko TY.; ''Atg37 regulates the assembly of the pexophagic receptor protein complex.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

View all...
CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
114994view16:52, 25 January 2021ReactomeTeamReactome version 75
113438view11:51, 2 November 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 74
112641view16:02, 9 October 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 73
101556view11:42, 1 November 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 66
101092view21:25, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 65
100621view19:59, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 64
100172view16:44, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 63
99722view15:11, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62 (2nd attempt)
99296view12:46, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62
93948view13:47, 16 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
93541view11:26, 9 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
86640view09:22, 11 July 2016ReactomeTeamreactome version 56
83100view09:58, 18 November 2015ReactomeTeamVersion54
81430view12:57, 21 August 2015ReactomeTeamVersion53
76900view08:17, 17 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
76605view11:58, 16 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
75936view09:59, 11 June 2014ReactomeTeamRe-fixing comment source
75638view10:52, 10 June 2014ReactomeTeamReactome 48 Update
74993view13:51, 8 May 2014AnweshaFixing comment source for displaying WikiPathways description
74637view08:41, 30 April 2014ReactomeTeamReactome46
68924view17:32, 8 July 2013MaintBotUpdated to 2013 gpml schema
45246view18:32, 7 October 2011KhanspersOntology Term : 'lipid metabolic pathway' added !
42094view21:56, 4 March 2011MaintBotAutomatic update
39904view05:55, 21 January 2011MaintBotNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
(2R) Pristanoyl-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:51341 (ChEBI)
(2S) Pristanoyl-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:64039 (ChEBI)
2E-octenoyl-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:27537 (ChEBI)
2E-phytenoyl-CoAR-ALL-6809811 (Reactome)
2OGMetaboliteCHEBI:30915 (ChEBI)
2OH-PALMMetaboliteCHEBI:65101 (ChEBI)
2oxo-PALMMetaboliteCHEBI:86988 (ChEBI)
3',5'-ADPMetaboliteCHEBI:37240 (ChEBI)
3-hydroxyhexacosanoyl-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:64972 (ChEBI)
3-hydroxypristanoyl-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:63914 (ChEBI)
3-ketohexacosanoyl-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:52977 (ChEBI)
3-ketopristanoyl-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:15371 (ChEBI)
3S2HPhy-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:15475 (ChEBI)
3Z-octenoyl-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:85939 (ChEBI)
4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:15495 (ChEBI)
4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:63856 (ChEBI)
4,8-dimethylnonanoylcarnitineMetaboliteCHEBI:63874 (ChEBI)
ABCD1 ProteinP33897 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ABCD1 homodimerComplexR-HSA-382579 (Reactome)
ACAA1ProteinP09110 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ACARMetaboliteCHEBI:15960 (ChEBI)
ACBD4 ProteinQ8NC06 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ACBD4,5:LCFA-CoA, MCFA-CoAComplexR-HSA-8866017 (Reactome)
ACBD5 ProteinQ5T8D3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ACBD5,(ACBD4)ComplexR-HSA-8848234 (Reactome)
ACOT4 ProteinQ8N9L9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ACOT4,6,8ComplexR-HSA-5690077 (Reactome)
ACOT6 ProteinQ3I5F7 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ACOT8 ProteinO14734 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ACOT8ProteinO14734 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ACOX1 dimerComplexR-HSA-390232 (Reactome)
ACOX1-2 ProteinQ15067-2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ACOX2 ProteinQ99424 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ACOX2:FAD, ACOXL:FADComplexR-HSA-8848531 (Reactome)
ACOX3 ProteinO15254 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ACOX3:FADComplexR-HSA-389905 (Reactome)
ACOXL ProteinQ9NUZ1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ALDH3A2-2 ProteinP51648-2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ALDH3A2-2 dimerComplexR-HSA-6811623 (Reactome)
AMACRProteinQ9UHK6 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ATPMetaboliteCHEBI:15422 (ChEBI)
Ac-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:15351 (ChEBI)
C26:0 CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:52966 (ChEBI)
CARMetaboliteCHEBI:17126 (ChEBI)
CH3COO-MetaboliteCHEBI:15366 (ChEBI)
CO2MetaboliteCHEBI:16526 (ChEBI)
CRATProteinP43155 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CROTProteinQ9UKG9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CoA-SHMetaboliteCHEBI:15346 (ChEBI)
DECR2ProteinQ9NUI1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ECI2 ProteinO75521-2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ECI2 trimerComplexR-HSA-6809799 (Reactome)
EHHADHProteinQ08426 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
FA-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:37554 (ChEBI)
FAD MetaboliteCHEBI:16238 (ChEBI)
FOR-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:15522 (ChEBI)
Fe2+ MetaboliteCHEBI:18248 (ChEBI)
H+MetaboliteCHEBI:15378 (ChEBI)
H2O2MetaboliteCHEBI:16240 (ChEBI)
H2OMetaboliteCHEBI:15377 (ChEBI)
HACL1 ProteinQ9UJ83 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HACL1 tetramerComplexR-HSA-389616 (Reactome)
HAO2 ProteinQ9NYQ3 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HAO2 tetramerComplexR-HSA-6787808 (Reactome)
HCOOHMetaboliteCHEBI:30751 (ChEBI)
HSD17B4 dimerComplexR-HSA-389999 (Reactome)
HSD17B4(1-736) ProteinP51659 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LCFA MetaboliteCHEBI:15904 (ChEBI)
LCFA-CoA MetaboliteCHEBI:33184 (ChEBI)
LCtE-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:83727 (ChEBI)
MCFA MetaboliteCHEBI:59554 (ChEBI)
MCFA, LCFAComplexR-ALL-5690539 (Reactome)
MCFA-CoA MetaboliteCHEBI:61907 (ChEBI)
MCFA-CoA, LCFA-CoAComplexR-ALL-5690520 (Reactome)
MLYCD(40-493)ProteinO95822-2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Malonyl-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:15531 (ChEBI)
Mg2+ MetaboliteCHEBI:18420 (ChEBI)
NAD+MetaboliteCHEBI:15846 (ChEBI)
NADHMetaboliteCHEBI:16908 (ChEBI)
NADP+MetaboliteCHEBI:18009 (ChEBI)
NADPHMetaboliteCHEBI:16474 (ChEBI)
NUDT19ProteinA8MXV4 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NUDT7ProteinP0C024 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
O2MetaboliteCHEBI:15379 (ChEBI)
Octanoyl-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:15533 (ChEBI)
PECR ProteinQ9BY49 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PECR tetramerComplexR-HSA-6809578 (Reactome)
PHYH ProteinO14832 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PHYH:Fe++ComplexR-HSA-389634 (Reactome)
PPANTMetaboliteCHEBI:16858 (ChEBI)
PPiMetaboliteCHEBI:29888 (ChEBI)
PhytanateMetaboliteCHEBI:16285 (ChEBI)
Phytanoyl-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:15538 (ChEBI)
PristanalMetaboliteCHEBI:49189 (ChEBI)
PropionylcarnitineMetaboliteCHEBI:28867 (ChEBI)
SCP2-1ProteinP22307-1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SLC25A17ProteinO43808 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SLC27A2ProteinO14975 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SUCCAMetaboliteCHEBI:15741 (ChEBI)
TPP MetaboliteCHEBI:18290 (ChEBI)
acyl-PPANTMetaboliteCHEBI:47983 (ChEBI)
adenosine 5'-monophosphateMetaboliteCHEBI:16027 (ChEBI)
pristanateMetaboliteCHEBI:77268 (ChEBI)
propionyl CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:15539 (ChEBI)
t3enoyl-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:27700 (ChEBI)
tetracosanoyl-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:52974 (ChEBI)
trans-2,3-dehydrohexacosanoyl-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:52975 (ChEBI)
trans-2,3-dehydropristanoyl-CoAMetaboliteCHEBI:63803 (ChEBI)

Annotated Interactions

View all...
SourceTargetTypeDatabase referenceComment
(2R) Pristanoyl-CoAArrowR-HSA-389632 (Reactome)
(2R) Pristanoyl-CoAR-HSA-389897 (Reactome)
(2S) Pristanoyl-CoAArrowR-HSA-389897 (Reactome)
(2S) Pristanoyl-CoAR-HSA-389889 (Reactome)
(2S) Pristanoyl-CoAR-HSA-389891 (Reactome)
2E-octenoyl-CoAArrowR-HSA-6809808 (Reactome)
2E-phytenoyl-CoAR-HSA-6809810 (Reactome)
2OGR-HSA-389639 (Reactome)
2OH-PALMR-HSA-6787811 (Reactome)
2oxo-PALMArrowR-HSA-6787811 (Reactome)
3',5'-ADPArrowR-HSA-6809354 (Reactome)
3',5'-ADPArrowR-HSA-6810474 (Reactome)
3-hydroxyhexacosanoyl-CoAArrowR-HSA-390252 (Reactome)
3-hydroxyhexacosanoyl-CoAArrowR-HSA-6809263 (Reactome)
3-hydroxyhexacosanoyl-CoAR-HSA-390251 (Reactome)
3-hydroxyhexacosanoyl-CoAR-HSA-6809264 (Reactome)
3-hydroxypristanoyl-CoAArrowR-HSA-389986 (Reactome)
3-hydroxypristanoyl-CoAR-HSA-389995 (Reactome)
3-ketohexacosanoyl-CoAArrowR-HSA-390251 (Reactome)
3-ketohexacosanoyl-CoAArrowR-HSA-6809264 (Reactome)
3-ketohexacosanoyl-CoAR-HSA-390250 (Reactome)
3-ketopristanoyl-CoAArrowR-HSA-389995 (Reactome)
3-ketopristanoyl-CoAR-HSA-390224 (Reactome)
3S2HPhy-CoAArrowR-HSA-389639 (Reactome)
3S2HPhy-CoAR-HSA-389611 (Reactome)
3Z-octenoyl-CoAR-HSA-6809808 (Reactome)
4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAArrowR-HSA-390224 (Reactome)
4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAR-HSA-390276 (Reactome)
4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoAArrowR-HSA-390276 (Reactome)
4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoAR-HSA-390281 (Reactome)
4,8-dimethylnonanoylcarnitineArrowR-HSA-390281 (Reactome)
ABCD1 homodimermim-catalysisR-HSA-390393 (Reactome)
ACAA1mim-catalysisR-HSA-390250 (Reactome)
ACARArrowR-HSA-390291 (Reactome)
ACBD4,5:LCFA-CoA, MCFA-CoAArrowR-HSA-8848247 (Reactome)
ACBD5,(ACBD4)R-HSA-8848247 (Reactome)
ACOT4,6,8mim-catalysisR-HSA-5690042 (Reactome)
ACOT8mim-catalysisR-HSA-390304 (Reactome)
ACOX1 dimermim-catalysisR-HSA-390256 (Reactome)
ACOX2:FAD, ACOXL:FADmim-catalysisR-HSA-389889 (Reactome)
ACOX3:FADmim-catalysisR-HSA-389891 (Reactome)
ALDH3A2-2 dimermim-catalysisR-HSA-389609 (Reactome)
AMACRmim-catalysisR-HSA-389897 (Reactome)
ATPArrowR-HSA-389652 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-389622 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-389632 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-389652 (Reactome)
Ac-CoAArrowR-HSA-390250 (Reactome)
Ac-CoAArrowR-HSA-390276 (Reactome)
Ac-CoAArrowR-HSA-390302 (Reactome)
Ac-CoAArrowR-HSA-977317 (Reactome)
Ac-CoAR-HSA-390291 (Reactome)
Ac-CoAR-HSA-390304 (Reactome)
C26:0 CoAArrowR-HSA-390393 (Reactome)
C26:0 CoAR-HSA-390256 (Reactome)
C26:0 CoAR-HSA-390393 (Reactome)
CARR-HSA-390281 (Reactome)
CARR-HSA-390284 (Reactome)
CARR-HSA-390291 (Reactome)
CH3COO-ArrowR-HSA-390304 (Reactome)
CO2ArrowR-HSA-389639 (Reactome)
CO2ArrowR-HSA-977317 (Reactome)
CRATmim-catalysisR-HSA-390284 (Reactome)
CRATmim-catalysisR-HSA-390291 (Reactome)
CROTmim-catalysisR-HSA-390281 (Reactome)
CoA-SHArrowR-HSA-389580 (Reactome)
CoA-SHArrowR-HSA-390281 (Reactome)
CoA-SHArrowR-HSA-390284 (Reactome)
CoA-SHArrowR-HSA-390291 (Reactome)
CoA-SHArrowR-HSA-390304 (Reactome)
CoA-SHArrowR-HSA-5690042 (Reactome)
CoA-SHR-HSA-389622 (Reactome)
CoA-SHR-HSA-389632 (Reactome)
CoA-SHR-HSA-390224 (Reactome)
CoA-SHR-HSA-390250 (Reactome)
CoA-SHR-HSA-390276 (Reactome)
CoA-SHR-HSA-390302 (Reactome)
CoA-SHR-HSA-6809354 (Reactome)
DECR2mim-catalysisR-HSA-6786720 (Reactome)
ECI2 trimermim-catalysisR-HSA-6809808 (Reactome)
EHHADHmim-catalysisR-HSA-6809263 (Reactome)
EHHADHmim-catalysisR-HSA-6809264 (Reactome)
FA-CoAR-HSA-6810474 (Reactome)
FOR-CoAArrowR-HSA-389611 (Reactome)
FOR-CoAR-HSA-389580 (Reactome)
H+ArrowR-HSA-389609 (Reactome)
H+ArrowR-HSA-389995 (Reactome)
H+ArrowR-HSA-390251 (Reactome)
H+ArrowR-HSA-390276 (Reactome)
H+ArrowR-HSA-390302 (Reactome)
H+ArrowR-HSA-6809264 (Reactome)
H+R-HSA-6786720 (Reactome)
H+R-HSA-6809810 (Reactome)
H2O2ArrowR-HSA-389889 (Reactome)
H2O2ArrowR-HSA-389891 (Reactome)
H2O2ArrowR-HSA-390256 (Reactome)
H2O2ArrowR-HSA-390276 (Reactome)
H2O2ArrowR-HSA-390302 (Reactome)
H2O2ArrowR-HSA-6787811 (Reactome)
H2OR-HSA-389580 (Reactome)
H2OR-HSA-389986 (Reactome)
H2OR-HSA-390252 (Reactome)
H2OR-HSA-390276 (Reactome)
H2OR-HSA-390302 (Reactome)
H2OR-HSA-390304 (Reactome)
H2OR-HSA-5690042 (Reactome)
H2OR-HSA-6809263 (Reactome)
H2OR-HSA-6809354 (Reactome)
H2OR-HSA-6810474 (Reactome)
HACL1 tetramermim-catalysisR-HSA-389611 (Reactome)
HAO2 tetramermim-catalysisR-HSA-6787811 (Reactome)
HCOOHArrowR-HSA-389580 (Reactome)
HSD17B4 dimermim-catalysisR-HSA-389986 (Reactome)
HSD17B4 dimermim-catalysisR-HSA-389995 (Reactome)
HSD17B4 dimermim-catalysisR-HSA-390251 (Reactome)
HSD17B4 dimermim-catalysisR-HSA-390252 (Reactome)
LCtE-CoAR-HSA-6786720 (Reactome)
MCFA, LCFAArrowR-HSA-5690042 (Reactome)
MCFA-CoA, LCFA-CoAR-HSA-5690042 (Reactome)
MCFA-CoA, LCFA-CoAR-HSA-8848247 (Reactome)
MLYCD(40-493)mim-catalysisR-HSA-977317 (Reactome)
Malonyl-CoAR-HSA-977317 (Reactome)
NAD+R-HSA-389609 (Reactome)
NAD+R-HSA-389995 (Reactome)
NAD+R-HSA-390251 (Reactome)
NAD+R-HSA-390276 (Reactome)
NAD+R-HSA-390302 (Reactome)
NAD+R-HSA-6809264 (Reactome)
NADHArrowR-HSA-389609 (Reactome)
NADHArrowR-HSA-389995 (Reactome)
NADHArrowR-HSA-390251 (Reactome)
NADHArrowR-HSA-390276 (Reactome)
NADHArrowR-HSA-390302 (Reactome)
NADHArrowR-HSA-6809264 (Reactome)
NADP+ArrowR-HSA-6786720 (Reactome)
NADP+ArrowR-HSA-6809810 (Reactome)
NADPHR-HSA-6786720 (Reactome)
NADPHR-HSA-6809810 (Reactome)
NUDT19mim-catalysisR-HSA-6810474 (Reactome)
NUDT7mim-catalysisR-HSA-6809354 (Reactome)
O2R-HSA-389639 (Reactome)
O2R-HSA-389889 (Reactome)
O2R-HSA-389891 (Reactome)
O2R-HSA-390256 (Reactome)
O2R-HSA-390276 (Reactome)
O2R-HSA-390302 (Reactome)
O2R-HSA-6787811 (Reactome)
Octanoyl-CoAArrowR-HSA-390302 (Reactome)
PECR tetramermim-catalysisR-HSA-6809810 (Reactome)
PHYH:Fe++mim-catalysisR-HSA-389639 (Reactome)
PPANTArrowR-HSA-6809354 (Reactome)
PPiArrowR-HSA-389622 (Reactome)
PPiArrowR-HSA-389632 (Reactome)
PhytanateR-HSA-389622 (Reactome)
Phytanoyl-CoAArrowR-HSA-389622 (Reactome)
Phytanoyl-CoAArrowR-HSA-6809810 (Reactome)
Phytanoyl-CoAR-HSA-389639 (Reactome)
PristanalArrowR-HSA-389611 (Reactome)
PristanalR-HSA-389609 (Reactome)
PropionylcarnitineArrowR-HSA-390284 (Reactome)
R-HSA-389580 (Reactome) Formyl-CoA formed during the alpha-oxidation of phytanoyl-CoA is spontaneously hydrolyzed to formate and CoASH (Croes et al. 1997).
R-HSA-389609 (Reactome) Peroxisomal ALDH3A2-2 (fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member A2, isoform 2) catalyzes the NAD-dependent dehydrogenation of pristanal to form pristanate (Jansen et al. 2001; Kelson et al. 1997; Rizzo et al. 2001). Structural studies suggest that the enzyme is a homodimer (Keller et al. 2010), and expression studies of the homologous mouse proteins in cultured cells indicate that ALDH3A2 isoform 2 is localized to peroxisomes while isoform 1 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (Ashibe et al. 2007).
R-HSA-389611 (Reactome) Peroxisomal HACL1 catalyzes the reaction of 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA to form pristanal and formyl-CoA. The active form of the enzyme is a homotetramer, with one Mg++ and one molecule of thiamin pyrophosphate bound to each monomer (Croes et al. 1997; Foulon et al. 1999).
R-HSA-389622 (Reactome) VLCS (very long chain acyl-CoA synthetase), associated with the inner surface of the peroxisomal membrane, cayalyzes the reaction of phytanate, CoA-SH, and ATP to form phytanoyl-CoA, AMP, and pyrophosphate (Steinberg et al. 1999).
R-HSA-389632 (Reactome) VLCS (very long chain acyl-CoA synthetase), associated with the inner surface of the peroxisomal membrane, catalyzes the reaction of pristanate, CoA-SH and ATP to form pristanoyl-CoA, AMP and pyrophosphate (Steinberg et al. 1999).
R-HSA-389639 (Reactome) Peroxisomal phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase catalyzes the reaction of phytanoyl-CoA, 2-oxoglutarate, and O2 to form 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA, succinate, and CO2. The mature form of the enzyme lacks the first 30 amino acid residues of the full-length polypeptide and is complexed with Fe++. Mutations in this enzyme are the commonest cause of Refsum disease (Mukherji et al. 2001; McDonough et al. 2005).
R-HSA-389652 (Reactome) The peroxisomal membrane transport protein PMP34 mediates the exchange of adenine nucleotides between the cytosol and the peroxisomal matrix. The localization of PMP34 has been established by immunofluoresence studies (Wylin et al. 1998). The cloned human protein restores adenine nucleotide transport in yeast whose endogenous peroxisomal transporter has been disrupted, and has adenine nucleotide transport activity in reconstituted lipid vesicles in vitro (Visser et al. 2002), consistent with its hypothesized role in vivo (Wanders and Waterham 2006).
R-HSA-389889 (Reactome) In human liver and kidney tissue, monomeric peroxisomal ACOX2 (bound to FAD cofactor) catalyzes the reaction of (2S)-pristanoyl-CoA and O2 to form trans-2,3-dehydropristanoyl-CoA and H2O2 (Vanhove et al. 1993; Baumgart et al. 1996). A putative acyl-coenzyme A oxidase-like protein ACOXL could catalyse this type of reaction but its activity has not yet been determined.
R-HSA-389891 (Reactome) Peroxisomal ACOX3 catalyzes the reaction of (2S)-pristanoyl-CoA and O2 to form trans-2,3-dehydropristanoyl-CoA and H2O2. ACOX3 protein and enzyme activity have been observed in prostate tumors, but are undetectable in normal prostate tissue as well as in liver and kidney (where ACOX2 catalyzes the oxidation of pristanoyl-CoA) (Zha et al. 2005; Vanhooren et al. 1997). The physiological consequences of this differential gene expression are unknown.
R-HSA-389897 (Reactome) Peroxisomal 2-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) catalyzes the isomerization of (2R)-pristanoyl-CoA to form (2S)-pristanoyl-CoA. The active form of the enzyme is a monomer (Schmitz et al. 1995; Amery et al. 2000; Ferdinandusse et al. 2000).
R-HSA-389986 (Reactome) Peroxisomal HSD17B4 dimer catalyzes the reaction of trans-2,3-dehydropristanoyl-CoA and H2O to form 3-hydroxypristanoyl-CoA. The enzyme is bifunctional - an aminoterminal domain catalyzes the dehydrogenation of a variety of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA's and a carboxyterminal domain catalyzes the hydration of a variety of trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA's, the reaction annotated here (Jiang et al. 1996, 1997). Defects in the enzyme are associated with a severe disorder of peroxisomal fatty acid metabolism in humans (Ferdinandusse et al. 2006).
R-HSA-389995 (Reactome) Peroxisomal HSD17B4 dimer catalyzes the reaction of 3-hydroxypristanoyl-CoA and NAD+ to form 3-ketoxypristanoyl-CoA and NADH + H+. The enzyme is bifunctional - an aminoterminal domain catalyzes the dehydrogenation of a variety of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA's, the reaction annotated here, and a carboxyterminal domain catalyzes the hydration of a variety of trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA's (Jiang et al. 1996, 1997). Defects in the enzyme are associated with a severe disorder of peroxisomal fatty acid metabolism in humans (Ferdinandusse et al. 2006).
R-HSA-390224 (Reactome) Peroxisomal SCPx (Non-specific lipid transfer protein; SCP2) catalyzes the reaction of 3-ketopristanoyl-CoA and CoASH to form 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA. Both intact SCPx and an SCPx fragment corresponding to approximately the 430 aminoterminal residues of the protein are catalytically active in vitro; the latter form may predominate in vivo. Consistent with the role of SCPx in the beta-oxidation of branched-chain fatty acids in vitro, mutations in the protein are associated with elevated levels of pristanic acid in the blood in vivo and the development of neurological defects (Ferdinandusse et al. 2000, 2006).
R-HSA-390250 (Reactome) Peroxisomal ACAA1 catalyzes the reaction of 3-ketohexacosanoyl-CoA and CoASH to form tetracosanoyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA (Bout et al. 1991).
R-HSA-390251 (Reactome) Peroxisomal HSD17B4 dimer catalyzes the reaction of 3-hydroxyhexacosanoyl-CoA and NAD+ to form 3-ketohexacosanoyl-CoA and NADH + H+. The enzyme is bifunctional - an aminoterminal domain catalyzes the dehydrogenation of a variety of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA's, the reaction annotated here, and a carboxyterminal domain catalyzes the hydration of a variety of trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA's (Jiang et al. 1996, 1997). Defects in the enzyme are associated with a severe disorder of peroxisomal fatty acid metabolism in humans (Ferdinandusse et al. 2006).
R-HSA-390252 (Reactome) Peroxisomal HSD17B4 dimer catalyzes the reaction of trans-2,3-dehydrohexacosanoyl-CoA and H2O to form 3-hydroxyhexacosanoyl-CoA. The enzyme is bifunctional - an aminoterminal domain catalyzes the dehydrogenation of a variety of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA's and a carboxyterminal domain catalyzes the hydration of a variety of trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA's, the reaction annotated here (Jiang et al. 1996, 1997). Defects in the enzyme are associated with a severe disorder of peroxisomal fatty acid metabolism in humans (Ferdinandusse et al. 2006).
R-HSA-390256 (Reactome) Peroxisomal ACOX1 catalyzes the reaction of hexacosanoyl-CoA and O2 to form trans-2,3-dehydrohexacosanoyl-CoA and H2O2. The active form of the enzyme is a homodimer with FAD as a cofactor (Chu et al. 1995). Mutations in the ACOX1 gene are asociated with accumulation of very long chain fatty acids. Two isoforms of ACOX1, generated by alternative splicing are known; a mutation affecting specifically the second isoform blocks the oxidation of very long chain fatty acids (Ferdinandusse et al. 2007).
R-HSA-390276 (Reactome) In two cycles of beta-oxidation mediated by the same enzyme activities responsible for the conversion of pristanoyl-CoA to 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA, the latter molecule is converted to 4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoA. Two molecules each of O2, H2O, NAD+, and CoASH are consumed in the process and two molecules of H2O2 and NADH + H+ are generated, together with single molecules of acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA (Verhoeven et al. 1998).
R-HSA-390281 (Reactome) Peroxisomal CROT catalyzes the reaction of 4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoA and carnitine to form 4,8-dimethylnonanoylcarnitine and CoASH (Ferdinandusse et al. 1999).
R-HSA-390284 (Reactome) Peroxisomal carnitineacetyltransferase (CRAT) catalyzes the reaction of propionyl-CoA and carnitine to form propionylcarnitine and CoASH. The active form of the enzyme is a monomer (Bloisi et al. 1990; Wu et al. 2003).
R-HSA-390291 (Reactome) Peroxisomal carnitineacetyltransferase (CRAT) catalyzes the reaction of acetyl-CoA and carnitine to form acetylcarnitine and CoASH. The active form of the enzyme is a monomer (Bloisi et al. 1990; Wu et al. 2003).
R-HSA-390302 (Reactome) In eight cycles of beta-oxidation mediated by the same enzyme activities responsible for the conversion of hexacosanoyl-CoA to tetracosenoyl-CoA, the latter molecule is converted to octanoyl-CoA. Eight molecules each of O2, H2O, NAD+, and CoASH are consumed in the process and eight molecules of H2O2 and NADH + H+ are generated, together with eight molecules of acetyl-CoA (Wanders and Waterham 2006).
R-HSA-390304 (Reactome) Peroxisomal ACOT8 catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA to form acetate and CoASH (Jones et al. 1999; Wanders and Waterham 2006).
R-HSA-390393 (Reactome) Homodimeric ABCD1 associated with the peroxisomal membrane mediates the uptake of cytosolic very long chain fatty acyl CoAs such as hexacosanoyl-CoA into the peroxisomal matrix. While the requirement for this uptake step in the catabolism of very long chain fatty acids is well-established, direct evidence for the function of ABCD1 as a transporter comes only from studies of its ability to restore peroxisomal long chain fatty acid catabolism in yeast strains whose endogenous transporters have been disrupted by mutation. ABCD1 is inferred to function as a dimer like other members of the ABCD transporter family. The energy requirements of peroxisomal fatty acid uptake (other ABCD transporter-mediated reactions are coupled to ATP hydrolysis) have not been established (van Roermund et al. 2008).
R-HSA-5690042 (Reactome) The maintenance/regulation of cellular levels of free fatty acids and fatty acyl-CoAs (the activated form of free fatty acids) is extremely important, as imbalances in lipid metabolism can have serious consequences for human health. Free fatty acids can act as detergents to disrupt membranes so their generation is normally tightly regulated to states where they will be rapidly consumed or sequestered. Acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) thioesterases (ACOTs) hydrolyse medium- to long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs (of C12-C18 lengths) (MCFA-CoA, LCFA-CoA) to their corresponding free fatty acids (MCFA, LCFA) and CoASH. ACOTs located in peroxisomes are ACOT4, 6 and 8 (Hunt et al. 2006, Hunt et al. 2002).
R-HSA-6786720 (Reactome) Saturated and unsaturated fats can undergo beta-oxidation in the mitochondrion and peroxisomes. The only major difference known so far is that peroxisomes can process linear as well as branched unsaturated fatty acid enoyl-CoA esters with much longer chains (>C20) when compared with the mitochondrion. Peroxisomal 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (DECR2) mediates the reduction of long-chain enoyl-CoA esters (LCtE-CoA) to form trans-3-enoyl-CoA esters (t3enoyl-CoA) (De Nys et al. 2001, Hua et al. 2012). DECR2 functions as an auxiliary enzyme for fatty acid beta-oxidation where very long-chain and long-chain fatty acids are shortened in peroxisomes and shuttled to the mitochondrion for complete degradation.
R-HSA-6787811 (Reactome) Fatty acids can be metabolised by two distinct pathways; alpha- and beta-oxidation. Peroxisomal hydroxyacid oxidase 2 (HAO2) is thought to take part in alpha-oxidation of long chain fatty acids such as 2-hydroxypalmitate (2OH-PALM). HAO2 functions as a homotetramer and is highly expressed in liver and kidney (Jones et al. 2000).
R-HSA-6809263 (Reactome) Peroxisomal EHHADH catalyzes the reaction of trans-2,3-dehydrohexacosanoyl-CoA and H2O to form 3-hydroxyhexacosanoyl-CoA. The enzyme is bifunctional - an aminoterminal domain catalyzes the dehydrogenation of a variety of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA's and a carboxyterminal domain catalyzes the hydration of a variety of trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA's, the reaction annotated here. The properties of the human enzyme are inferred from studies of its mouse and rat homologues and from enzymatic stdies of mutant yeast cells expressing the cloned human enzyme (Chen et al. 1991, Ferdinandusse et al. 2004; Houten et al. 2012; Lalwani et al. 1981; Osumi & Hashimoto 1979). The enzyme can also act on fatty dicarboxylic acids (not annotated here) (Houten et al, 2012).
R-HSA-6809264 (Reactome) Peroxisomal EHHADH catalyzes the reaction of 3-hydroxyhexacosanoyl-CoA and NAD+ to form 3-ketohexacosanoyl-CoA and NADH + H+. The enzyme is bifunctional - an aminoterminal domain catalyzes the dehydrogenation of a variety of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA's, the reaction annotated here, and a carboxyterminal domain catalyzes the hydration of a variety of trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA's. The properties of the human enzyme are inferred from studies of its mouse and rat homologues and from enzymatic stdies of mutant yeast cells expressing the cloned human enzyme (Chen et al. 1991, Ferdinandusse et al. 2004; Houten et al. 2012; Lalwani et al. 1981; Osumi & Hashimoto 1979). The enzyme can also act on fatty dicarboxylic acids (not annotated here) (Houten et al, 2012).
R-HSA-6809354 (Reactome) Coenzyme A (CoASH) is a necessary cofactor for the oxidation of lipids in peroxisomes. Peroxisomal coenzyme A diphosphatase (NUDT7) mediates the cleavage of CoA (and CoA esters and oxidised CoA) to produce 3',5'-ADP and 4'-phosphopantetheine (PPANT) and is suggested to be involved in the regulation of peroxisomal CoASH levels. Human NUDT7 activity is inferred from mouse Nudt7 activity (Gasmi et al. 2001, Reilly et al. 2008).
R-HSA-6809808 (Reactome) ECI2 in the peroxisome matrix catalyzes the isomerizeation of 3Z-enoyl-CoA to 2E-enoyl-CoA. The active form of the enzyme is a homotrimer (Onwukwe et al. 2015). The reaction annotated here, involving octenoyl-CoA isomers is the one originally characterized by Geisbreacht et al. (1999), although the enzyme is active on enoyl-CoAs of a range of chain lengths.
R-HSA-6809810 (Reactome) PECR associated with the peroxisomal membrane catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of 2E-phytenoyl-CoA to form phytanoyl-CoA (Das et al. 2000; Gloerich et al. 2006). The active form of the enzyme is inferred to be a homotetramer from unpublished data deposited in PDB (accession 1YXM). This reaction is part of the process by which dietary phytol, ultimately derived from chlorophyll, is catabolized (Van Veldhoven 2010).
R-HSA-6810474 (Reactome) Coenzyme A (CoA-SH) and acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) can be degraded in peroxisomes by two members of the Nudix (nucleoside diphosphates linked to some moiety X) hydrolase superfamily; NUDT7 and NUDT19. NUDT19 hydrolyses free fatty acyl-CoA to form acyl-phosphopantetheine (acyl-PPANT) and 3′,5′-ADP. Human NUDT19 activity is inferred from mouse Nudt19 activity (Ofman et al. 2006).
R-HSA-8848247 (Reactome) The selective autophagy of peroxisomes (pexophagy) is controlled by autophagy receptors through the assembly of a receptor protein complex (RPC). These receptors can recruit specific proteins required for pexophagy to occur. The human orthologue of the fungal acyl-CoA-binding protein Atg37, ACBD5, is a positive regulator of the pexophagic RPC process. Palmitoyl-CoA competes with autophagy receptors thus may affect the pexophagic RPC process. Acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing proteins 4 and 5 (ACBD4,5) are peroxisomal membrane-bound proteins and thought to bind medium- and long-chain acyl-CoA esters (MCFA-CoA, LCFA-CoA) (Nazarko et al. 2014, Nazarko 2014). The function of ACBD4 has not yet been determined.
R-HSA-977317 (Reactome) Carboxylation of acetyl-CoA and decarboxylation of malonyl-CoA are two processes that can control the amount of the signal transducer malonyl-CoA in the cell. The decarboxylation is catalysed by MCD enzyme in the peroxisomal matrix (Sacksteder et al, 1999).
SCP2-1mim-catalysisR-HSA-390224 (Reactome)
SLC25A17mim-catalysisR-HSA-389652 (Reactome)
SLC27A2mim-catalysisR-HSA-389622 (Reactome)
SLC27A2mim-catalysisR-HSA-389632 (Reactome)
SUCCAArrowR-HSA-389639 (Reactome)
acyl-PPANTArrowR-HSA-6810474 (Reactome)
adenosine 5'-monophosphateArrowR-HSA-389622 (Reactome)
adenosine 5'-monophosphateArrowR-HSA-389632 (Reactome)
adenosine 5'-monophosphateArrowR-HSA-389652 (Reactome)
adenosine 5'-monophosphateR-HSA-389652 (Reactome)
pristanateArrowR-HSA-389609 (Reactome)
pristanateR-HSA-389632 (Reactome)
propionyl CoAArrowR-HSA-390224 (Reactome)
propionyl CoAArrowR-HSA-390276 (Reactome)
propionyl CoAR-HSA-390284 (Reactome)
t3enoyl-CoAArrowR-HSA-6786720 (Reactome)
tetracosanoyl-CoAArrowR-HSA-390250 (Reactome)
tetracosanoyl-CoAR-HSA-390302 (Reactome)
trans-2,3-dehydrohexacosanoyl-CoAArrowR-HSA-390256 (Reactome)
trans-2,3-dehydrohexacosanoyl-CoAR-HSA-390252 (Reactome)
trans-2,3-dehydrohexacosanoyl-CoAR-HSA-6809263 (Reactome)
trans-2,3-dehydropristanoyl-CoAArrowR-HSA-389889 (Reactome)
trans-2,3-dehydropristanoyl-CoAArrowR-HSA-389891 (Reactome)
trans-2,3-dehydropristanoyl-CoAR-HSA-389986 (Reactome)
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