Mitochondrial fission and fusion (Homo sapiens)

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"The localization, as well as some interaction and modification of the principal proteins involved in the two processes are shown. Once dephosphorylated, DRP1 is recruited to the outer membrane by FIS1 or by another, unknown, component. The oligomerization of DRP1 is followed by constriction of the membrane and mitochondrial fission. The pro-fusion proteins (MFNs on the outer membrane and OPA1 on the inner membrane) oligomerize to induce fusion of the membranes. Other additional components of the machinery are shown. BAX, BCL2-associated X protein; BNIP3, BCL2/E1B 19 kDa-interacting protein 3; CAMK1a, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 1a; DRP1, dynamin-related protein 1; FIS1, fission protein 1; GDAP1, ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1; l-OPA1, long form of OPA1; MFN, mitofusin; MIB, mitofusin-binding protein; MTP18, mitochondrial protein 18 kDa; OPA1, optic atrophy 1; PKA, protein kinase A; PLD, phospholipase D; s-OPA1: short form of OPA1." Silvia Campello1 and Luca Scorrano 2010