This pathway shows the role of microRNAs in the process of cardiac hypertrophy.
MicroRNA targets were predicted by the TargetScan algorithm, and the predicted interactions are shown in pink.
MicroRNAs are shown as purple rounded rectangles.
It is not sure which WNT and frizzled proteins influence cardiac hypertrophy. Though there are strong indications that WNT3A, WNT5A, frizzled1 and frizzled2 play a role in cardiac hypertrophy. Thus these have been added to the pathway instead of all the WNT and frizzled proteins. Experiments which will shed light on this are still being done.
Comments
HomologyConvert
This pathway was inferred from Homo sapiens pathway WP1544(r37553) with a 96% conversion rate.
Wang Y, Su B, Sah VP, Brown JH, Han J, Chien KR; ''Cardiac hypertrophy induced by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7, a specific activator for c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase in ventricular muscle cells.''; J Biol Chem, 1998 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Carè A, Catalucci D, Felicetti F, Bonci D, Addario A, Gallo P, Bang ML, Segnalini P, Gu Y, Dalton ND, Elia L, Latronico MV, Høydal M, Autore C, Russo MA, Dorn GW 2nd, Ellingsen O, Ruiz-Lozano P, Peterson KL, Croce CM, Peschle C, Condorelli G; ''MicroRNA-133 controls cardiac hypertrophy.''; Nat Med, 2007 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Wollert KC, Taga T, Saito M, Narazaki M, Kishimoto T, Glembotski CC, Vernallis AB, Heath JK, Pennica D, Wood WI, Chien KR; ''Cardiotrophin-1 activates a distinct form of cardiac muscle cell hypertrophy. Assembly of sarcomeric units in series VIA gp130/leukemia inhibitory factor receptor-dependent pathways.''; J Biol Chem, 1996 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Haghikia A, Stapel B, Hoch M, Hilfiker-Kleiner D; ''STAT3 and cardiac remodeling.''; Heart Fail Rev, 2010 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Wang J, Xu R, Lin F, Zhang S, Zhang G, Hu S, Zheng Z; ''MicroRNA: novel regulators involved in the remodeling and reverse remodeling of the heart.''; Cardiology, 2009 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Molkentin JD, Lu JR, Antos CL, Markham B, Richardson J, Robbins J, Grant SR, Olson EN; ''A calcineurin-dependent transcriptional pathway for cardiac hypertrophy.''; Cell, 1998 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Jalili T, Takeishi Y, Walsh RA; ''Signal transduction during cardiac hypertrophy: the role of G alpha q, PLC beta I, and PKC.''; Cardiovasc Res, 1999 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Bueno OF, De Windt LJ, Tymitz KM, Witt SA, Kimball TR, Klevitsky R, Hewett TE, Jones SP, Lefer DJ, Peng CF, Kitsis RN, Molkentin JD; ''The MEK1-ERK1/2 signaling pathway promotes compensated cardiac hypertrophy in transgenic mice.''; EMBO J, 2000 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Lim HW, Molkentin JD; ''Calcineurin and human heart failure.''; Nat Med, 1999 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Takeishi Y, Ping P, Bolli R, Kirkpatrick DL, Hoit BD, Walsh RA; ''Transgenic overexpression of constitutively active protein kinase C epsilon causes concentric cardiac hypertrophy.''; Circ Res, 2000 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Vanhaesebroeck B, Alessi DR; ''The PI3K-PDK1 connection: more than just a road to PKB.''; Biochem J, 2000 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Olson EN, Molkentin JD; ''Prevention of cardiac hypertrophy by calcineurin inhibition: hope or hype?''; Circ Res, 1999 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Blankesteijn WM, van de Schans VA, ter Horst P, Smits JF; ''The Wnt/frizzled/GSK-3 beta pathway: a novel therapeutic target for cardiac hypertrophy.''; Trends Pharmacol Sci, 2008 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Wollert KC, Chien KR; ''Cardiotrophin-1 and the role of gp130-dependent signaling pathways in cardiac growth and development.''; J Mol Med, 1997 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Clerk A, Sugden PH; ''Small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins and myocardial hypertrophy.''; Circ Res, 2000 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
Heineke J, Molkentin JD; ''Regulation of cardiac hypertrophy by intracellular signalling pathways.''; Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2006 PubMedEurope PMCScholia
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