tRNA aminoacylation (Homo sapiens)

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15153111337263491119143783023, 2429252732106123516102, 3, 3620-221312174, 518627, 28cytosolmitochondrial matrixLARS2Asn-tRNA(Asn)L-IsoleucineAMPL-LysineNARStRNA(Leu)AMPAla-tRNA(Ala)pyrophosphatepyrophosphateL-ArginineDARS2 dimerL-ArginineATPAsp-tRNA(Asp)ATPL-AlanineL-Methionineaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complexATPNARS2L-ProlineL-AspartateAsn-tRNA(Asn)L-AsparagineATPL-HistidineAMPAMPpyrophosphateL-GlutamatetRNA(Ser)TARS dimerCys-tRNA(Cys)pyrophosphateAMPL-serinepyrophosphatepyrophosphatetRNA(Asp)Pro-tRNA(Pro)pyrophosphateOrthophosphateSer-tRNA(Ser)QARSYARS2 dimerATPGly-tRNA(Gly)tRNA(Gln)Mg++ATPATPAMPtRNA(Met)ATPGly-tRNA(Gly)tRNA(Ala)aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complexTyr-tRNA(Tyr)Leu-tRNA(Leu)ATPPhe-tRNA(Phe)AMPtRNA(Glu)AMPtRNA(Gly)Cys-tRNA(Cys)Gln-tRNA(Gln)ATPpyrophosphateATPIle-tRNA(Ile)aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complexL-TryptophanATPtRNA(His)FARS2Val-tRNA(Val)L-cysteineL-AsparagineIARS2pyrophosphatepyrophosphateAMPPPA1 dimerL-PhenylalanineSARS dimerRARS2L-GlutamateThr-tRNA(Thr)pyrophosphateATPAMPpyrophosphateL-HistidineATPpyrophosphatepyrophosphateATPL-LeucineAMPpyrophosphatepyrophosphateATPtRNA(Arg)ATPGARS dimerMagnesiumATPpyrophosphateHARSpyrophosphateAMPAMPpyrophosphateAMPAMPAMPpyrophosphateATPKARS dimertRNA(Glu)AMPtRNA(Ile)ATPpyrophosphatepyrophosphateATPL-GlutamineL-Threonineaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complexpyrophosphateAMPAMPtRNA(Pro)ATPpyrophosphateL-LysineL-PhenylalaninepyrophosphatetRNA(Trp)L-serinePro-tRNA(Pro)YARS dimerATPATPL-ValinepyrophosphateTrp-tRNA(Trp)ATPtRNA(Ile)Val-tRNA(Val)tRNA(His)pyrophosphatepyrophosphatetRNA(Met)tRNA(Val)L-ValineAMPAMPAMPLys-tRNA(Lys)AMPTyr-tRNA(Tyr)Asp-tRNA(Asp)aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complextRNA(Trp)pyrophosphatetRNA(Ser)Thr-tRNA(Thr)ATPtRNA(Val)AMPAMPpyrophosphateATPAMPATPATPtRNA(Asp)Phe-tRNA(Phe)tRNA(Thr)His-tRNA(His)pyrophosphateEARS2pyrophosphatepyrophosphatetRNA(Pro)tRNA(Tyr)L-AspartateArg-tRNA(Arg)ATPAMPpyrophosphateGlu-tRNA(Glu)L-GlutamineMet-tRNA(Met)AMPtRNA(Thr)Ser-tRNA(Ser)tRNA(Phe)AMPL-ThreonineL-LeucineHis-tRNA(His)tRNA(Asn)L-AlanineArg-tRNA(Arg)tRNA(Gly)L-ProlineGlycineATPPPA2 dimerWARS dimertRNA(Cys)SARS2 dimertRNA(Ala)Gln-tRNA(Gln)TARS2tRNA(Lys)AARStRNA(Leu)tRNA(Asn)tRNA(Lys)AMPpyrophosphateAMPMet-tRNA(Met)AMPAARS2pyrophosphateL-TryptophanTrp-tRNA(Trp)pyrophosphateAMPPARS2pyrophosphateMARS2ATPATPAMPaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complextRNA(Tyr)AMPGARS dimerAMPCARS dimerAMPLys-tRNA(Lys)ATPL-Isoleucineaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complextRNA(Cys)VARSL-MethionineFARS A2B2 tetramerAla-tRNA(Ala)L-TyrosinetRNA(Gln)tRNA(Arg)Ile-tRNA(Ile)AMPLeu-tRNA(Leu)VARS2pyrophosphateH2OH2OGlu-tRNA(Glu)tRNA(Phe)HARS2pyrophosphateglycineOrthophosphateL-cysteineAMPCARS2AMPaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complexaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complexATPATPpyrophosphateATPL-TyrosineATPWARS2ATPATPpyrophosphate112, 31111111


Description

tRNA synthetases catalyze the ligation of tRNAs to their cognate amino acids in an ATP-dependent manner. The reaction proceeds in two steps. First, amino acid and ATP form an aminoacyl adenylate molecule, releasing pyrophosphate. The aminoacyl adenylate remains associated with the synthetase enzyme where, in the second step it reacts with tRNA to form aminoacyl tRNA and AMP. The rapid hydrolysis of pyrophosphate makes these reactions essentially irreversible under physiological conditions (Fersht and Kaethner 1976a). Specificity of the tRNA charging reactions is achieved both by specific recognition of amino acid and tRNA substrates by the synthetase, and by an editing process in which incorrect aminoacyl adenylate molecules (e.g., valyl adenylate associated with isoleucyl tRNA synthetase) are hydrolyzed rather than conjugated to tRNAs in the second step of the reaction (Baldwin and Berg 1966a,b; Fersht and Kaethner 1976b). The tRNA synthetases can be divided into two structural classes based on conserved amino acid sequence features (Burnbaum and Schimmel 1991).

A single synthetase mediates the charging of all of the tRNA species specific for any one amino acid but, with three exceptions, glycine, lysine, and glutamine, the synthetase that catalyzes aminoacylation of mitochondrial tRNAs is encoded by a different gene than the one that acts on mitochondrial tRNAs. Both mitochondrial and cytosolic tRNA synthetase enzymes are encoded by genes in the nuclear genome.<p>A number of tRNA synthetases are known to have functions distinct from tRNA charging (reviewed by Park et al. 2005). Additionally, mutations in several of the tRNA synthetases, often affecting protein domains that are dispensable in vitro for aminoacyl tRNA synthesis, are associated with a diverse array of neurological and other diseases (Antonellis and Green 2008; Park et al. 2008). These findings raise interest into the role of these enzymes in human development and disease.<p></div>

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Bibliography

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  41. Fersht AR, Kaethner MM.; ''Enzyme hyperspecificity. Rejection of threonine by the valyl-tRNA synthetase by misacylation and hydrolytic editing.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
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  43. Sang Lee J, Gyu Park S, Park H, Seol W, Lee S, Kim S.; ''Interaction network of human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and subunits of elongation factor 1 complex.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  44. Shiba K, Stello T, Motegi H, Noda T, Musier-Forsyth K, Schimmel P.; ''Human lysyl-tRNA synthetase accepts nucleotide 73 variants and rescues Escherichia coli double-defective mutant.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
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History

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CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
116664view12:24, 9 May 2021EweitzModified title
114669view16:14, 25 January 2021ReactomeTeamReactome version 75
113116view11:18, 2 November 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 74
112350view15:27, 9 October 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 73
101251view11:14, 1 November 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 66
100790view20:42, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 65
100332view19:19, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 64
99877view16:02, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 63
99434view14:36, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62 (2nd attempt)
93779view13:35, 16 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
93309view11:20, 9 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
86391view09:17, 11 July 2016ReactomeTeamreactome version 56
83310view10:45, 18 November 2015ReactomeTeamVersion54
81449view12:59, 21 August 2015ReactomeTeamVersion53
76923view08:19, 17 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
76628view12:00, 16 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
75959view10:01, 11 June 2014ReactomeTeamRe-fixing comment source
75661view10:56, 10 June 2014ReactomeTeamReactome 48 Update
75016view13:53, 8 May 2014AnweshaFixing comment source for displaying WikiPathways description
74660view08:43, 30 April 2014ReactomeTeamReactome46
74093view12:42, 29 March 2014EgonwFixed the Uniprot-TrEMBL data sources.
45057view19:53, 6 October 2011KhanspersOntology Term : 'translation pathway' added !
42153view22:00, 4 March 2011MaintBotAutomatic update
39964view05:58, 21 January 2011MaintBotNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

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NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
AARS ProteinP49588 (UniProt)
AARS2 ProteinQ5JTZ9 (UniProt)
AMP Metabolite16027 (ChEBI)
ATP Metabolite15422 (ChEBI)
Ala-tRNA

(Ala)

Metabolite17732 (ChEBI)
Arg-tRNA

(Arg)

Metabolite18366 (ChEBI)
Asn-tRNA

(Asn)

Metabolite29265 (ChEBI)
Asp-tRNA

(Asp)

Metabolite29158 (ChEBI)
CARS

dimer

ComplexREACT_17681 (Reactome)
CARS2 ProteinQ9HA77 (UniProt)
Cys-tRNA

(Cys)

Metabolite29152 (ChEBI)
DARS2

dimer

ComplexREACT_15709 (Reactome)
EARS2 ProteinQ5JPH6 (UniProt)
FARS

A2B2 tetramer

ComplexREACT_16104 (Reactome)
FARS2 ProteinO95363 (UniProt)
GARS

dimer

ComplexREACT_15693 (Reactome)
GARS dimer ComplexREACT_17609 (Reactome)
Gln-tRNA

(Gln)

Metabolite29166 (ChEBI)
Glu-tRNA

(Glu)

Metabolite29157 (ChEBI)
Gly-tRNA

(Gly)

Metabolite29156 (ChEBI)
Glycine Metabolite15428 (ChEBI)
H2O Metabolite15377 (ChEBI)
HARS ProteinP12081 (UniProt)
HARS2 ProteinP49590 (UniProt)
His-tRNA

(His)

Metabolite29155 (ChEBI)
IARS2 ProteinQ9NSE4 (UniProt)
Ile-tRNA

(Ile)

Metabolite29160 (ChEBI)
KARS

dimer

ComplexREACT_15848 (Reactome)
L-Alanine Metabolite16977 (ChEBI)
L-Arginine Metabolite16467 (ChEBI)
L-Asparagine Metabolite17196 (ChEBI)
L-Aspartate Metabolite17053 (ChEBI)
L-Glutamate Metabolite16015 (ChEBI)
L-Glutamine Metabolite18050 (ChEBI)
L-Histidine Metabolite15971 (ChEBI)
L-Isoleucine Metabolite17191 (ChEBI)
L-Leucine Metabolite15603 (ChEBI)
L-Lysine Metabolite18019 (ChEBI)
L-Methionine Metabolite16643 (ChEBI)
L-Phenylalanine Metabolite17295 (ChEBI)
L-Proline Metabolite17203 (ChEBI)
L-Threonine Metabolite16857 (ChEBI)
L-Tryptophan Metabolite16828 (ChEBI)
L-Tyrosine Metabolite17895 (ChEBI)
L-Valine Metabolite16414 (ChEBI)
L-cysteine Metabolite17561 (ChEBI)
L-serine Metabolite17115 (ChEBI)
LARS2 ProteinQ15031 (UniProt)
Leu-tRNA

(Leu)

Metabolite16624 (ChEBI)
Lys-tRNA

(Lys)

Metabolite16047 (ChEBI)
MARS2 ProteinQ96GW9 (UniProt)
Magnesium Metabolite18420 (ChEBI)
Met-tRNA

(Met)

Metabolite16635 (ChEBI)
Mg++ Metabolite18420 (ChEBI)
NARS ProteinO43776 (UniProt)
NARS2 ProteinQ96I59 (UniProt)
Orthophosp

hate

Metabolite18367 (ChEBI)
PARS2 ProteinQ7L3T8 (UniProt)
PPA1

dimer

ComplexREACT_3635 (Reactome)
PPA2

dimer

ComplexREACT_21920 (Reactome)
Phe-tRNA

(Phe)

Metabolite29153 (ChEBI)
Phe-tRNA(Phe) Metabolite29153 (ChEBI)
Pro-tRNA

(Pro)

Metabolite29154 (ChEBI)
QARS ProteinP47897 (UniProt)
RARS2 ProteinQ5T160 (UniProt)
SARS

dimer

ComplexREACT_18078 (Reactome)
SARS2

dimer

ComplexREACT_15712 (Reactome)
Ser-tRNA

(Ser)

Metabolite29162 (ChEBI)
TARS

dimer

ComplexREACT_16019 (Reactome)
TARS2 ProteinQ9BW92 (UniProt)
Thr-tRNA

(Thr)

Metabolite29163 (ChEBI)
Trp-tRNA

(Trp)

Metabolite29159 (ChEBI)
Tyr-tRNA

(Tyr)

Metabolite29161 (ChEBI)
VARS ProteinP26640 (UniProt)
VARS2 ProteinQ5ST30 (UniProt)
Val-tRNA

(Val)

Metabolite29164 (ChEBI)
WARS

dimer

ComplexREACT_15987 (Reactome)
WARS2 ProteinQ9UGM6 (UniProt)
YARS

dimer

ComplexREACT_16005 (Reactome)
YARS2

dimer

ComplexREACT_18046 (Reactome)
aminoacyl-tRNA

synthetase multienzyme complex

ComplexREACT_15869 (Reactome)
glycine Metabolite15428 (ChEBI)
pyrophosp

hate

Metabolite29888 (ChEBI)
tRNA(Ala) Metabolite17732 (ChEBI)
tRNA(Arg) Metabolite29171 (ChEBI)
tRNA(Asn) Metabolite29172 (ChEBI)
tRNA(Asp) Metabolite29186 (ChEBI)
tRNA(Cys) Metabolite29167 (ChEBI)
tRNA(Gln) Metabolite29168 (ChEBI)
tRNA(Glu) Metabolite29175 (ChEBI)
tRNA(Gly) Metabolite29176 (ChEBI)
tRNA(His) Metabolite29178 (ChEBI)
tRNA(Ile) Metabolite29174 (ChEBI)
tRNA(Leu) Metabolite29169 (ChEBI)
tRNA(Lys) Metabolite29185 (ChEBI)
tRNA(Met) Metabolite29173 (ChEBI)
tRNA(Phe) Metabolite29184 (ChEBI)
tRNA(Pro) Metabolite29177 (ChEBI)
tRNA(Ser) Metabolite29179 (ChEBI)
tRNA(Thr) Metabolite29180 (ChEBI)
tRNA(Trp) Metabolite29181 (ChEBI)
tRNA(Tyr) Metabolite29182 (ChEBI)
tRNA(Val) Metabolite29183 (ChEBI)

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions

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