Phenylalanine degradation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

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1-5phenylethanolH2Ophenylpyruvate2-oxoglutarateADH2phenylacetaldehydeSFA1PDC1ADH1L-glutamatePDC6ADH4ADH3ARO9ARO10PDC5ADH5L-phenylalanine


Description

While Saccharomyces cerevisiae can use most amino acids as their sole nitrogen source, they can only use a few amino acids as a carbon source to support growth (CITS:[Large86][Cooper82]). This is in contrast to most eukaryotes and some fungi, which can metabolize amino acids completely, utilizing them as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen (CITS:[Stryer88][Large 86]). S. cerevisiae degrade the aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan) and the branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, and iso-leucine) via the Ehrlich pathway (CITS:[Sentheshanmuganathan60][10989420]). This pathway is comprised of the following steps: 1) deamination of the amino acid to the corresponding alpha-keto acid; 2) decarboxylation of the resulting alpha-keto acid to the respective aldehyde; and, 3) reduction of the aldehyde to form the corresponding long chain or complex alcohol, known as a fusel alcohol or fusel oil (CITS:[10989420][Large 86]). Fusel alcohols are important flavor and aroma compounds in yeast-fermented food products and beverages (as reported in (CITS:[9546164]). Aro10p appears to be the primary decarboxylase catalyzing the second step in phenylalanine degradation (CITS:[12902239][15933030]). Although Vulrahan et. al. (2003) (CITS:[12902239]) found that THI3 does not encode an active phenylpyruvate decarboxylase, they found Thi3p was required in conjunction with one of the pyruvate decarboxylases Pdc1p, Pdc5p or Pdc6p for the ARO10-independent decarboxylase activity. The main uptake systems for utilizing aromatic amino acids appear to be Gap1p, a general amino acid permease, and Wap1p, an inducible amino acid permease with wide substrate specificity (CITS:[10207060]) SOURCE: SGD pathways, http://pathway.yeastgenome.org/server.html

Comments

GenMAPP remarks 
Based on http://pathway.yeastgenome.org/biocyc/

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Bibliography

  1. Vuralhan Z, Morais MA, Tai SL, Piper MD, Pronk JT; ''Identification and characterization of phenylpyruvate decarboxylase genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.''; Appl Environ Microbiol, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  2. Urrestarazu A, Vissers S, Iraqui I, Grenson M; ''Phenylalanine- and tyrosine-auxotrophic mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae impaired in transamination.''; Mol Gen Genet, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  3. Vuralhan Z, Luttik MA, Tai SL, Boer VM, Morais MA, Schipper D, Almering MJ, Kötter P, Dickinson JR, Daran JM, Pronk JT; ''Physiological characterization of the ARO10-dependent, broad-substrate-specificity 2-oxo acid decarboxylase activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.''; Appl Environ Microbiol, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  4. Iraqui I, Vissers S, Cartiaux M, Urrestarazu A; ''Characterisation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARO8 and ARO9 genes encoding aromatic aminotransferases I and II reveals a new aminotransferase subfamily.''; Mol Gen Genet, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  5. Dickinson JR, Salgado LE, Hewlins MJ; ''The catabolism of amino acids to long chain and complex alcohols in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.''; J Biol Chem, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

View all...
CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
117322view11:47, 20 May 2021EweitzModified title
74213view10:15, 6 April 2014EgonwFixed a character encoding issue.
74212view10:14, 6 April 2014EgonwConnected the dots.
73237view21:53, 12 January 2014EgonwAdded a few metabolite identifiers.
71013view19:27, 22 September 2013EgonwMore Labels converted into DataNodes.
70267view21:48, 15 July 2013MaintBotupdated to 2013 schema
70043view05:53, 12 July 2013EgonwMarked a few DataNodes with CAS registry numbers as metabolites.
67592view11:30, 26 June 2013DdiglesOntology Term : 'phenylalanine degradation pathway' added !
41848view04:50, 2 March 2011MaintBotRemoved redundant pathway information and comments
36647view22:38, 9 April 2010MaintBotDescription and bibliography added from SGD
21886view11:32, 14 November 2008MaintBot[[Pathway:Saccharomyces cerevisiae:Phenylalanine Degradation]] moved to [[Pathway:WP573]]: Moved to stable identifier
12812view08:03, 17 May 2008MaintBotautomated metabolite conversion
8876view14:11, 7 January 2008MaintBotAdded to category $category
8874view14:11, 7 January 2008M.BraymerUploaded new pathway

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
ADH1GeneProductS000005446 (SGD)
ADH2GeneProductS000004918 (SGD)
ADH3GeneProductS000004688 (SGD)
ADH4GeneProductS000003225 (SGD)
ADH5GeneProductS000000349 (SGD)
ARO10GeneProductS000002788 (SGD)
ARO9GeneProductS000001179 (SGD)
L-glutamateMetabolite56-86-0 (CAS)
L-phenylalanineMetabolite63-91-2 (CAS)
PDC1GeneProductS000004034 (SGD)
PDC5GeneProductS000004124 (SGD)
PDC6GeneProductS000003319 (SGD)
SFA1GeneProductS000002327 (SGD)
phenylacetaldehydeMetabolite122-78-1 (CAS)

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions
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