DNA Damage Bypass (Homo sapiens)
From WikiPathways
Description
In addition to various processes for removing damaging lesions from the DNA, cells have developed specific mechanisms for tolerating unexcised damages during the replication of the genome. Such processes are collectively called DNA damage bypass pathways. Several proteins including novel Y-family polymerases that have been recently identified in multitude of organisms are involved in this process.
Translesion synthesis (TLS) or replicative bypass of damaged bases that are known to arrest high fidelity, highly processive polymerases involved in DNA replication is carried out by error-prone polymerases Pol zeta, Pol eta and Rev3 protein among others. TLS is implicated in UV and chemical induced mutagenesis of normal human cells where lesions in the replicating genome are carried over to the newly formed daughter cells.
All these 3 enzymes are found to lack 3’->5’ exonuclease activity, while exhibiting low fidelity, weak processivity and sufficient polymerase activities. An outline of the bypass synthesis by these 3 enzymes is annotated here. Complete details of damage recognition and discrimination, initiation of specific polymerase activity and the finer mechanisms are yet to be elucidated.Original Pathway at Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#DB=gk_current&FOCUS_SPECIES_ID=48887&FOCUS_PATHWAY_ID=73893
Translesion synthesis (TLS) or replicative bypass of damaged bases that are known to arrest high fidelity, highly processive polymerases involved in DNA replication is carried out by error-prone polymerases Pol zeta, Pol eta and Rev3 protein among others. TLS is implicated in UV and chemical induced mutagenesis of normal human cells where lesions in the replicating genome are carried over to the newly formed daughter cells.
All these 3 enzymes are found to lack 3’->5’ exonuclease activity, while exhibiting low fidelity, weak processivity and sufficient polymerase activities. An outline of the bypass synthesis by these 3 enzymes is annotated here. Complete details of damage recognition and discrimination, initiation of specific polymerase activity and the finer mechanisms are yet to be elucidated.Original Pathway at Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#DB=gk_current&FOCUS_SPECIES_ID=48887&FOCUS_PATHWAY_ID=73893
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Bibliography
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History
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External references
DataNodes
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Name | Type | Database reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
Elongated DNA
template with bypassed lesion | REACT_3182 (Reactome) | ||
MAD2L2 [nucleoplasm] | Protein | Q9UI95 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
MAD2L2 | Protein | Q9UI95 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
POLH [nucleoplasm] | Protein | Q9Y253 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
POLH | Protein | Q9Y253 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
Pol eta:damaged DNA template complex | Complex | REACT_2831 (Reactome) | |
Pol eta:lesioned DNA
template inserted with correct base complement | Complex | REACT_3971 (Reactome) | |
Pol zeta complex | Complex | REACT_5310 (Reactome) | |
Pol zeta:damaged DNA template complex | Complex | REACT_5394 (Reactome) | |
REV1 [nucleoplasm] | Protein | Q9UBZ9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
REV1:damaged DNA template complex | Complex | REACT_3664 (Reactome) | |
REV1:lesioned DNA
template with misinserted bases | Complex | REACT_5530 (Reactome) | |
REV1 | Protein | Q9UBZ9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
dNTP | REACT_2960 (Reactome) | ||
damaged DNA substrate | REACT_2765 (Reactome) | ||
hREV3(1-?) [nucleoplasm] | Protein | Q9UID5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
hREV3(1-?) | Protein | Q9UID5 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) |
Annotated Interactions
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Source | Target | Type | Database reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Elongated DNA
template with bypassed lesion | Arrow | REACT_1324 (Reactome) | ||
Elongated DNA
template with bypassed lesion | Arrow | REACT_1479 (Reactome) | ||
Elongated DNA
template with bypassed lesion | Arrow | REACT_867 (Reactome) | ||
MAD2L2 | REACT_1544 (Reactome) | |||
POLH | Arrow | REACT_1479 (Reactome) | ||
POLH | REACT_504 (Reactome) | |||
Pol eta:damaged DNA template complex | Arrow | REACT_504 (Reactome) | ||
Pol eta:damaged DNA template complex | REACT_2016 (Reactome) | |||
Pol eta:damaged DNA template complex | mim-catalysis | REACT_2016 (Reactome) | ||
Pol eta:lesioned DNA
template inserted with correct base complement | Arrow | REACT_2016 (Reactome) | ||
Pol eta:lesioned DNA
template inserted with correct base complement | REACT_1479 (Reactome) | |||
Pol eta:lesioned DNA
template inserted with correct base complement | mim-catalysis | REACT_1479 (Reactome) | ||
Pol zeta complex | Arrow | REACT_1324 (Reactome) | ||
Pol zeta complex | Arrow | REACT_1544 (Reactome) | ||
Pol zeta complex | REACT_1918 (Reactome) | |||
Pol zeta:damaged DNA template complex | Arrow | REACT_1918 (Reactome) | ||
Pol zeta:damaged DNA template complex | REACT_1324 (Reactome) | |||
Pol zeta:damaged DNA template complex | mim-catalysis | REACT_1324 (Reactome) | ||
REACT_1324 (Reactome) | At the beginning of this reaction, 1 molecule of 'dNTP', and 1 molecule of 'Pol zeta:damaged DNA template complex' are present. At the end of this reaction, 1 molecule of 'Pol zeta complex', and 1 molecule of 'Elongated DNA template with bypassed lesion' are present. This reaction takes place in the 'nucleus' and is mediated by the 'DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity' of 'Pol zeta:damaged DNA template complex'. | |||
REACT_1479 (Reactome) | At the beginning of this reaction, 1 molecule of 'Pol eta:lesioned DNA template inserted with correct base complement' is present. At the end of this reaction, 1 molecule of 'Pol eta protein', and 1 molecule of 'Elongated DNA template with bypassed lesion' are present. This reaction takes place in the 'nucleus' and is mediated by the 'eta DNA polymerase activity' of 'Pol eta:lesioned DNA template inserted with correct base complement'. | |||
REACT_1502 (Reactome) | At the beginning of this reaction, 1 molecule of 'damaged DNA substrate ', and 1 molecule of 'HREV1 protein' are present. At the end of this reaction, 1 molecule of 'HREV1:damaged DNA template complex' is present. This reaction takes place in the 'nucleus'. | |||
REACT_1544 (Reactome) | At the beginning of this reaction, 1 molecule of 'HREV7', and 1 molecule of 'HREV3' are present. At the end of this reaction, 1 molecule of 'Pol zeta complex' is present. This reaction takes place in the 'nucleus'. | |||
REACT_1918 (Reactome) | At the beginning of this reaction, 1 molecule of 'damaged DNA substrate ', and 1 molecule of 'Pol zeta complex' are present. At the end of this reaction, 1 molecule of 'Pol zeta:damaged DNA template complex' is present. This reaction takes place in the 'nucleus'. | |||
REACT_2016 (Reactome) | At the beginning of this reaction, 1 molecule of 'Pol eta:damaged DNA template complex' is present. At the end of this reaction, 1 molecule of 'Pol eta:lesioned DNA template inserted with correct base complement' is present. This reaction takes place in the 'nucleus' and is mediated by the 'eta DNA polymerase activity' of 'Pol eta:damaged DNA template complex'. | |||
REACT_2214 (Reactome) | At the beginning of this reaction, 1 molecule of 'HREV1:damaged DNA template complex' is present. At the end of this reaction, 1 molecule of 'HREV1:lesioned DNA template with misinserted bases' is present. This reaction takes place in the 'nucleus' and is mediated by the 'DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity' of 'HREV1:damaged DNA template complex'. | |||
REACT_504 (Reactome) | At the beginning of this reaction, 1 molecule of 'damaged DNA substrate ', and 1 molecule of 'Pol eta protein' are present. At the end of this reaction, 1 molecule of 'Pol eta:damaged DNA template complex' is present. This reaction takes place in the 'nucleus'. | |||
REACT_867 (Reactome) | At the beginning of this reaction, 1 molecule of 'HREV1:lesioned DNA template with misinserted bases' is present. At the end of this reaction, 1 molecule of 'HREV1 protein', and 1 molecule of 'Elongated DNA template with bypassed lesion' are present. This reaction takes place in the 'nucleus' and is mediated by the 'DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity' of 'HREV1:lesioned DNA template with misinserted bases'. | |||
REV1:damaged DNA template complex | Arrow | REACT_1502 (Reactome) | ||
REV1:damaged DNA template complex | REACT_2214 (Reactome) | |||
REV1:damaged DNA template complex | mim-catalysis | REACT_2214 (Reactome) | ||
REV1:lesioned DNA
template with misinserted bases | Arrow | REACT_2214 (Reactome) | ||
REV1:lesioned DNA
template with misinserted bases | REACT_867 (Reactome) | |||
REV1:lesioned DNA
template with misinserted bases | mim-catalysis | REACT_867 (Reactome) | ||
REV1 | Arrow | REACT_867 (Reactome) | ||
REV1 | REACT_1502 (Reactome) | |||
dNTP | REACT_1324 (Reactome) | |||
damaged DNA substrate | REACT_1502 (Reactome) | |||
damaged DNA substrate | REACT_1918 (Reactome) | |||
damaged DNA substrate | REACT_504 (Reactome) | |||
hREV3(1-?) | REACT_1544 (Reactome) |