Erythrocytes take up oxygen and release carbon dioxide (Homo sapiens)
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Description
Erythrocytes circulating through the capillaries of the lung must exchange carbon dioxide (CO2) for oxygen (O2) during their short (0.5-1 sec.) transit time in pulmonary tissue (Reviewed in Jensen 2004, Esbaugh and Tufts 2006, Boron 2010). CO2 bound as carbamate to the N-terminus of hemoglobin and protons (H+) bound to histidine residues in hemoglobin are released as hemoglobin (HbA) binds O2. Bicarbonate (HCO3-) present in plasma is taken up by erythrocytes via the band3 anion exchanger (AE1, SLC4A1) and combined with H+ by carbonic anhydrases I and II (CA1/CA2) to yield water and CO2 (Reviewed by Esbaugh and Tufts 2006). CO2 is passively transported out of the erythrocyte by AQP1 and RhAG. HCO3- in plasma is also directly dehydrated by extracellular carbonic anhydrase IV (CA4) present on endothelial cells lining the capillaries in the lung.Original Pathway at Reactome: http://www.reactome.org/PathwayBrowser/#DB=gk_current&FOCUS_SPECIES_ID=48887&FOCUS_PATHWAY_ID=1247673
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Bibliography
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History
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External references
DataNodes
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Name | Type | Database reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
AQP1 [plasma membrane] | Protein | P29972 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
AQP1 tetramer | Complex | REACT_24230 (Reactome) | |
CA1 [cytosol] | Protein | P00915 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
CA1/CA2 | Complex | REACT_124189 (Reactome) | |
CA2 [cytosol] | Protein | P00918 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
CA4:Zn2+ | Complex | REACT_123990 (Reactome) | |
CO-H+-HBA1 [cytosol] | Protein | P69905 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
CO-H+-HBB [cytosol] | Protein | P68871 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
CO2 | Metabolite | CHEBI:16526 (ChEBI) | |
Cl- | Metabolite | CHEBI:17996 (ChEBI) | |
H+ | Metabolite | CHEBI:15378 (ChEBI) | |
H2O | Metabolite | CHEBI:15377 (ChEBI) | |
HBA1 [cytosol] | Protein | P69905 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
HBB [cytosol] | Protein | P68871 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
HCO3- | Metabolite | CHEBI:17544 (ChEBI) | |
N-seryl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine-CA4 [plasma membrane] | Protein | P22748 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
O2 [cytosol] | Metabolite | CHEBI:15379 (ChEBI) | |
O2 | Metabolite | CHEBI:15379 (ChEBI) | |
OxyHbA | Complex | REACT_123853 (Reactome) | |
Protonated Carbamino DeoxyHbA | Complex | REACT_125222 (Reactome) | |
RHAG | Protein | Q02094 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
SLC4A1 [plasma membrane] | Protein | P02730 (Uniprot-TrEMBL) | |
SLC4A1 dimer | Complex | REACT_125443 (Reactome) | |
Zn2+ [cytosol] | Metabolite | CHEBI:29105 (ChEBI) | |
Zn2+ [extracellular region] | Metabolite | CHEBI:29105 (ChEBI) | |
ferroheme b [cytosol] | Metabolite | CHEBI:17627 (ChEBI) |
Annotated Interactions
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Source | Target | Type | Database reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
AQP1 tetramer | mim-catalysis | REACT_121218 (Reactome) | ||
CA1/CA2 | mim-catalysis | REACT_120912 (Reactome) | ||
CA4:Zn2+ | mim-catalysis | REACT_120877 (Reactome) | ||
CO2 | Arrow | REACT_120816 (Reactome) | ||
CO2 | Arrow | REACT_120877 (Reactome) | ||
CO2 | Arrow | REACT_120912 (Reactome) | ||
CO2 | Arrow | REACT_121218 (Reactome) | ||
CO2 | Arrow | REACT_121236 (Reactome) | ||
CO2 | REACT_121218 (Reactome) | |||
CO2 | REACT_121236 (Reactome) | |||
Cl- | Arrow | REACT_120922 (Reactome) | ||
Cl- | REACT_120922 (Reactome) | |||
H+ | Arrow | REACT_120816 (Reactome) | ||
H+ | REACT_120877 (Reactome) | |||
H+ | REACT_120912 (Reactome) | |||
H2O | Arrow | REACT_120877 (Reactome) | ||
H2O | Arrow | REACT_120912 (Reactome) | ||
HCO3- | Arrow | REACT_120922 (Reactome) | ||
HCO3- | REACT_120877 (Reactome) | |||
HCO3- | REACT_120912 (Reactome) | |||
HCO3- | REACT_120922 (Reactome) | |||
O2 | REACT_120816 (Reactome) | |||
OxyHbA | Arrow | REACT_120816 (Reactome) | ||
Protonated Carbamino DeoxyHbA | REACT_120816 (Reactome) | |||
REACT_120816 (Reactome) | The binding of oxygen (O2) to hemoglobin (HbA) decreases the affinity of HbA for protons (H+) bound at histidine residues and carbon dioxide (CO2) bound chemically as a carbamate at the N-terminus of the HbA (Ferguson and Roughton 1934, Kernohan & Roughton 1968, Klocke 1973, Morrow et al. 1973, Morrow et al. 1976, Tazawa et al. 1983, Kraan & Rispens 1985, Doyle et al. 1987, Mertzlufft & Brandt 1989, Kalhoff et al.1994, Dash & Bassingthwaighte 2010, reviewed in Jensen 2004). This property of HbA is known as the Haldane Effect and facilitates the exchange of CO2 for O2 in the lungs. | |||
REACT_120877 (Reactome) | Carbonic anhydrase IV (CA4) located on the extracellular face of the plasma membrane (Wistrand et al. 1999) dehydrates bicarbonate (HCO3--) to yield water and carbon dioxide (CO2) (Zhu & Sly 1990, Okayuma et al. 1992, Baird et al. 1997, Innocenti et al. 2004, reviewed in Lindskog 1997). Depending on the concentrations of reactants the reaction is reversible. | |||
REACT_120912 (Reactome) | Carbonic anhydrase I (CA1, Khalifah 1971, Pesando 1975, Simonsson et al. 1982, Ren & Lindskog 1992) and carbonic anhydrase II (CA2, Tibell et al. 1984, Jones & Shaw 1983, Ghannam et al. 1986) hydrate carbon dioxide (CO2) to yield bicarbonate (HCO3-) and a proton (H+). During the reaction a hydroxyl group bound by the zinc ion (Zn2+) attacks the CO2 molecule in the active site to directly form HCO3- (reviewed in Lindskog 1997). The HCO3- is displaced by water, which is then deprotonated by a histidine residue to recreate the Zn2+:hydroxyl group. Depending on the concentrations of reactants the reaction is reversible. | |||
REACT_120922 (Reactome) | The band 3 anion exchange protein (AE1, SLC4A1) exchanges chloride (Cl-) for bicarbonate (HCO3-) across the plasma membrane according to the concentration gradients of the anions (Knauf et al. 1996, Dahl et al. 2003). SLC4A1 may be part of a complex ("metabolon") with carbonic anhydrase II (CA2) which would facilitate the transport of HCO3- (Sterling et al. 2001). | |||
REACT_121218 (Reactome) | Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) passively transports carbon dioxide (CO2) across the plasma membrane according to the concentration gradient (Nakhoul et al. 1998, Blank & Ehmke et al. 2003, Endeward et al. 2006, Musa-Aziz et al. 2009). The pore in AQP1 that conducts CO2 may be distinct from the pore that conducts water. | |||
REACT_121236 (Reactome) | The Rhesus blood group type A glycoprotein (RhAG) passively transports carbon dioxide (CO2) across the plasma membrane according to the concentration gradient (Endeward et al. 2006, Endeward et al. 2008, Musa-Aziz et al. 2009). | |||
RHAG | mim-catalysis | REACT_121236 (Reactome) | ||
SLC4A1 dimer | mim-catalysis | REACT_120922 (Reactome) |