Growth hormone receptor (GHR) signaling (Bos taurus)

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Signal transducers and activators transcription (STAT) proteins are cytoplasmic transcription factors containing SH2 domains that bind to the activated GHR and become phosphorylated by JAK2. activation of the GH receptor can also initiate signal transduction via the Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway leading to effects on gene transcription and metabolism.GH also stimulates phosphorylation of the insulin reseptor substrates 1,2,3(IRS-1,2,3,4)with subsequent activation of the phosphoinositol-3-kinase(PI3K) resulting in stimulation of glocuse transport. This pathway was based on the below review articles.