DAG and IP3 signaling (Homo sapiens)
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Description
This pathway describes the generation of DAG and IP3 by the PLCgamma-mediated hydrolysis of PIP2 and the subsequent downstream signaling events.
View original pathway at:Reactome.
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Ontology Terms
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- Gullingsrud J, Kim C, Taylor SS, McCammon JA.; ''Dynamic binding of PKA regulatory subunit RI alpha.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Chuang TT, Paolucci L, De Blasi A.; ''Inhibition of G protein-coupled receptor kinase subtypes by Ca2+/calmodulin.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Li X, Li HP, Amsler K, Hyink D, Wilson PD, Burrow CR.; ''PRKX, a phylogenetically and functionally distinct cAMP-dependent protein kinase, activates renal epithelial cell migration and morphogenesis.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Gu C, Cooper DM.; ''Calmodulin-binding sites on adenylyl cyclase type VIII.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Patterson RL, van Rossum DB, Nikolaidis N, Gill DL, Snyder SH.; ''Phospholipase C-gamma: diverse roles in receptor-mediated calcium signaling.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Li W, Yu ZX, Kotin RM.; ''Profiles of PrKX expression in developmental mouse embryo and human tissues.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Ross D, Joyner WL.; ''Resting distribution and stimulated translocation of protein kinase C isoforms alpha, epsilon and zeta in response to bradykinin and TNF in human endothelial cells.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Newton AC.; ''Protein kinase C: structural and spatial regulation by phosphorylation, cofactors, and macromolecular interactions.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Chatila T, Anderson KA, Ho N, Means AR.; ''A unique phosphorylation-dependent mechanism for the activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV/GR.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Vandeput F, Wolda SL, Krall J, Hambleton R, Uher L, McCaw KN, Radwanski PB, Florio V, Movsesian MA.; ''Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase PDE1C1 in human cardiac myocytes.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Bilbao A, Parkitna JR, Engblom D, Perreau-Lenz S, Sanchis-Segura C, Schneider M, Konopka W, Westphal M, Breen G, Desrivieres S, Klugmann M, Guindalini C, Vallada H, Laranjeira R, de Fonseca FR, Schumann G, Schütz G, Spanagel R.; ''Loss of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV in dopaminoceptive neurons enhances behavioral effects of cocaine.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Liang Z, Liu F, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, Gong CX.; ''Down-regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase by over-activated calpain in Alzheimer disease brain.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Yamamori E, Asai M, Yoshida M, Takano K, Itoi K, Oiso Y, Iwasaki Y.; ''Calcium/calmodulin kinase IV pathway is involved in the transcriptional regulation of the corticotropin-releasing hormone gene promoter in neuronal cells.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Goraya TA, Masada N, Ciruela A, Willoughby D, Clynes MA, Cooper DM.; ''Kinetic properties of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase isoforms dictate intracellular cAMP dynamics in response to elevation of cytosolic Ca2+.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Levay K, Satpaev DK, Pronin AN, Benovic JL, Slepak VZ.; ''Localization of the sites for Ca2+-binding proteins on G protein-coupled receptor kinases.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Nagakura A, Takagi N, Takeo S.; ''Impairment of cerebral cAMP-mediated signal transduction system and of spatial memory function after microsphere embolism in rats.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Wang QJ.; ''PKD at the crossroads of DAG and PKC signaling.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Gonzalez GA, Montminy MR.; ''Cyclic AMP stimulates somatostatin gene transcription by phosphorylation of CREB at serine 133.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Chen TY, Illing M, Molday LL, Hsu YT, Yau KW, Molday RS.; ''Subunit 2 (or beta) of retinal rod cGMP-gated cation channel is a component of the 240-kDa channel-associated protein and mediates Ca(2+)-calmodulin modulation.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Krasel C, Dammeier S, Winstel R, Brockmann J, Mischak H, Lohse MJ.; ''Phosphorylation of GRK2 by protein kinase C abolishes its inhibition by calmodulin.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Goraya TA, Masada N, Ciruela A, Cooper DM.; ''Sustained entry of Ca2+ is required to activate Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase 1A.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- James MA, Lu Y, Liu Y, Vikis HG, You M.; ''RGS17, an overexpressed gene in human lung and prostate cancer, induces tumor cell proliferation through the cyclic AMP-PKA-CREB pathway.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Di Pasquale G, Stacey SN.; ''Adeno-associated virus Rep78 protein interacts with protein kinase A and its homolog PRKX and inhibits CREB-dependent transcriptional activation.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Simpson RE, Ciruela A, Cooper DM.; ''The role of calmodulin recruitment in Ca2+ stimulation of adenylyl cyclase type 8.''; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
History
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External references
DataNodes
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Annotated Interactions
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| Source | Target | Type | Database reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4xCa2+:CaM | Arrow | R-HSA-111956 (Reactome)  | ||
| 4xCa2+:CaM | Arrow | R-HSA-74448 (Reactome) | ||
| 4xCa2+:CaM | R-HSA-111913 (Reactome) | |||
| ADP | Arrow | R-HSA-111915 (Reactome) | ||
| ADP | Arrow | R-HSA-111919 (Reactome) | ||
| ADP | Arrow | R-HSA-111970 (Reactome) | ||
| ADP | Arrow | R-HSA-198314 (Reactome) | ||
| ADRBK1 | R-HSA-111966 (Reactome) | |||
| ADRBK1 | R-HSA-111970 (Reactome) | |||
| AMP | Arrow | R-HSA-111955 (Reactome) | ||
| ATP | R-HSA-111915 (Reactome) | |||
| ATP | R-HSA-111919 (Reactome) | |||
| ATP | R-HSA-111930 (Reactome) | |||
| ATP | R-HSA-111970 (Reactome) | |||
| ATP | R-HSA-198314 (Reactome) | |||
| Adenylate cyclase (Mg2+ cofactor) | mim-catalysis | R-HSA-111930 (Reactome) | ||
| CALM1 | R-HSA-111966 (Reactome) | |||
| CALM1 | R-HSA-74448 (Reactome) | |||
| CAMK4 | R-HSA-111913 (Reactome) | |||
| CREB1 | R-HSA-111919 (Reactome) | |||
| Ca2+ | Arrow | R-HSA-169683 (Reactome) | ||
| Ca2+ | R-HSA-169683 (Reactome) | |||
| Ca2+ | R-HSA-74448 (Reactome) | |||
| Calmodulin:CaMK IV | Arrow | R-HSA-111913 (Reactome) | ||
| Calmodulin:CaMK IV | Arrow | R-HSA-112282 (Reactome) | ||
| Calmodulin:CaMK IV | R-HSA-111915 (Reactome) | |||
| Calmodulin:CaMK IV | R-HSA-112282 (Reactome) | |||
| Calmodulin:CaMK IV | mim-catalysis | R-HSA-111915 (Reactome) | ||
| Cam-PDE 1 homodimer | R-HSA-111956 (Reactome) | |||
| DAGs | Arrow | R-HSA-167686 (Reactome) | ||
| DAGs | Arrow | R-HSA-198314 (Reactome) | ||
| GRK2:calmodulin | Arrow | R-HSA-111966 (Reactome) | ||
| H2O | R-HSA-111955 (Reactome) | |||
| H2O | R-HSA-167686 (Reactome) | |||
| I(1,4,5)P3 | Arrow | R-HSA-167686 (Reactome) | ||
| I(1,4,5)P3 | Arrow | R-HSA-169683 (Reactome) | ||
| I(1,4,5)P3 | R-HSA-169680 (Reactome) | |||
| IP3 receptor homotetramer | R-HSA-169680 (Reactome) | |||
| ITPR:I(1,4,5)P3 tetramer | Arrow | R-HSA-169680 (Reactome) | ||
| ITPR:I(1,4,5)P3 tetramer | mim-catalysis | R-HSA-169683 (Reactome) | ||
| PI(4,5)P2 | R-HSA-167686 (Reactome) | |||
| PKA catalytic subunit | Arrow | R-HSA-111925 (Reactome) | ||
| PKA catalytic subunit | R-HSA-111924 (Reactome) | |||
| PKA tetramer | R-HSA-111925 (Reactome) | |||
| PKC-delta/epsilon | R-HSA-198314 (Reactome) | |||
| PKC-delta/epsilon | mim-catalysis | R-HSA-198314 (Reactome) | ||
| PPi | Arrow | R-HSA-111930 (Reactome) | ||
| Phospho-PKC-delta/epsilon | Arrow | R-HSA-198314 (Reactome) | ||
| Protein Kinase A, catalytic subunits | Arrow | R-HSA-111924 (Reactome) | ||
| Protein Kinase A, catalytic subunits | mim-catalysis | R-HSA-111919 (Reactome) | ||
| R-HSA-111913 (Reactome) | CaMKIV becomes fully activated after a three-step mechanism: Upon a transient increase in intracellular calcium, calcium-bound calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) binds to its autoregulatory domain, which relieves intersteric inhibition. An activating protein kinase, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK), binds to the Ca2+/CaM:CaMKIV complex and phosphorylates CaMKIV on a threonine residue in the activation loop. After full activation by the three-step mechanism mentioned above, the activity of CaMKIV becomes autonomous and no longer requires bound Ca2+/CaM. This activity is required for CaMKIV-mediated transcriptional regulation. The CaMKIV-associated PP2A then dephosphorylates CaMKIV, thereby terminating autonomous activity and CaMKIV-mediated gene transcription. | |||
| R-HSA-111915 (Reactome) | Autophosphorylation of the N-terminus Ser12-Ser13 is required for full activation after Ca2+/calmodulin binding and phosphorylation of the Ca2+/calmodulin-bound enzyme on Thr200 by a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase. | |||
| R-HSA-111916 (Reactome) | CREB readily dimerizes. | |||
| R-HSA-111919 (Reactome) | cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylates in vitro CREB at a specific residue, serine 133; Phosphorylation of Ser133 is required for signal-induced transcription in vivo. | |||
| R-HSA-111924 (Reactome) | When cAMP level rises, the PKA catalytic subunit (C subunit) released from the holoenzyme enters the nucleus by passive diffusion whereas termination of signaling to the nucleus involves an active mechanism. In the nucleus, the C subunit binds to the heat-stable protein kinase inhibitor (PKI), and this binding not only inactivates the C subunit but also by conformational change unveils a nuclear export signal in PKI which leads to export of the C-PKI complex from the nucleus. | |||
| R-HSA-111925 (Reactome) | The four protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunit isoforms differ in their tissue specificity and functional characteristics. The specific isoform activated in response to glucagon signalling is not known. The PKA kinase is a tetramer of two regulatory and two catalytic. The regulatory subunits block the catalytic subunits. Binding of cAMP to the regulatory subunit leads to the dissociation of the tetramer into two active dimers made up of a regulatory and a catalytic subunit. | |||
| R-HSA-111930 (Reactome) | Adenylate cyclase is responsive to calcium and calmodulin and produces cAMP. One important physiological role for Calmodulin is the regulation of adenylylcyclases. Four of the ten known adenylylcyclases are calcium sensitive, in particular type 8 (AC8). | |||
| R-HSA-111955 (Reactome) | Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) hydrolyze cAMP and cGMP, inactivating these second messengers. | |||
| R-HSA-111956 (Reactome) | Increased Ca2+ levels, acting via calmodulin, can activate PDE which can then act upon cAMP. | |||
| R-HSA-111966 (Reactome) | GRK2 is a Serine/Threonine kinase. G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are important regulators of G-protein-coupled receptor function. Binding of calmodulin to GRK2 results in inhibition of the kinase activity. This inhibition is almost completely abolished when GRK2 is phosphorylated by PKC. | |||
| R-HSA-111970 (Reactome) | GRK2 is phosphorylated at serine 29 in vitro and in vivo by the alpha, gamma and delta isoforms of PKC. PKC-mediated phosphorylation at Ser29 increases GRK2 kinase activity towards GPCR substrates, contributing to GPCR desensitization. Phosphorylation at Ser29, which falls within the calmodulin-binding region of GRK2, abolishes the inhibitory effect of calmodulin on GRK2 kinase activity. | |||
| R-HSA-112282 (Reactome) | The calmodulin:CaMK IV complex enters the nucleus. | |||
| R-HSA-167686 (Reactome) | Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) is a second messenger produced by phospholipase C (PLC) metabolism of phosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) (Canossa et al. 2001). | |||
| R-HSA-169680 (Reactome) | The IP3 receptor (IP3R) is an IP3-gated calcium channel. It is a large, homotetrameric protein, similar to other calcium channel proteins such as ryanodine. The four subunits form a 'four-leafed clover' structure arranged around the central calcium channel. Binding of ligands such as IP3 results in conformational changes in the receptor's structure that leads to channel opening. | |||
| R-HSA-169683 (Reactome) | IP3 promotes the release of intracellular calcium. | |||
| R-HSA-198314 (Reactome) | Diacylglycerol (DAG) positively regulates the autophosphorylation of protein kinase C-delta (PKC-delta), which stimulates ERK1/2 and triggers neurite outgrowth. DAG also stimulates the translocation of PKC from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. PKC-delta contributes to growth factor specificity and response to neuronal cells by promoting cell-type-specific differences in growth factor signalling. DAG can also activate PKC-epsilon in the same manner. | |||
| R-HSA-74448 (Reactome) | Upon increase in calcium concentration, calmodulin (CaM) is activated by binding to four calcium ions. | |||
| active Cam-PDE 1 | Arrow | R-HSA-111956 (Reactome) | ||
| active Cam-PDE 1 | mim-catalysis | R-HSA-111955 (Reactome) | ||
| active PKC (alpha, gamma, delta) | mim-catalysis | R-HSA-111970 (Reactome) | ||
| cAMP:PKA regulatory subunit | Arrow | R-HSA-111925 (Reactome) | ||
| cAMP | Arrow | R-HSA-111930 (Reactome) | ||
| cAMP | R-HSA-111925 (Reactome) | |||
| cAMP | R-HSA-111955 (Reactome) | |||
| p-4Y-PLCG1 | mim-catalysis | R-HSA-167686 (Reactome) | ||
| p-S133-CREB1 | Arrow | R-HSA-111919 (Reactome) | ||
| p-S133-CREB1 | R-HSA-111916 (Reactome) | |||
| p-S29-ADRBK1 | Arrow | R-HSA-111970 (Reactome) | ||
| phospho-CREB dimer | Arrow | R-HSA-111916 (Reactome) | ||
| phospho-CaMK IV:Calmodulin | Arrow | R-HSA-111915 (Reactome) |
