Interleukin-2 family signaling (Homo sapiens)

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8, 17, 32, 35272616, 302612104, 1122, 316, 2314276, 23136, 341, 9, 242cytosolnucleoplasmHigh affinity binding complex dimers of cytokine receptors using Bc, inactive JAK2, p(Y593,628)- Bc:p(427,349,350)-SHC1:GRB2:p(Y)-GAB2 p-Y-JAK1 p-Y-JAK1 p-Y-SHC1 High affinity binding complex dimers of cytokine receptors using Bc, inactive JAK2, p-(Y593,628)-Bc:p(427,349,350)-SHC1 INPPL1 HAVCR2:LGALS9IL2 IL2:IL2Rtrimerp-(Y338,392,510)betasubunit:p-JAK1:JAK3:STAT5IL2:IL2Rtrimer:p-JAK1:JAK3:SYKSOS1 p-Y-JAK1 IL2 HAVCR2 ATPJAK3 IL2:IL2Rtrimerp-(Y338,Y392,Y510)betasubunit:p-JAK1:JAK3:p-STAT5ADPJAK3 IL2RG JAK1JAK3 IL2 IL2RA SYKp-Y364,Y418,Y536-IL2RB Interleukin receptorcomplexes withactivatedSHC1:GRB2:SOS1p-Y364,Y418,Y536-IL2RB JAK3p-Y-JAK1 IL2RG STAT5A p-Y-JAK1 IL2 GRB2-1 High affinity binding complex dimers of cytokine receptors using Bc, inactive JAK2, p-(Y593,628)-Bc:p(427,349,350)-SHC1 IL2 JAK3:PYK2High affinity binding complex dimers of cytokine receptors using Bc, inactive JAK2, p-(Y593,628)-Bc:p(427,349,350)-SHC1 IL2RA p-Y364,Y418,Y536-IL2RB ADPSTAT5A SOS1 IL2RA InterleukinreceptorcomplexeswithactivatedShc:GRB2:p-GAB2:p85-containing Class 1 PI3KsJAK3 LCK GRB2-1 IL2 IL2RG:JAK3p-Y-JAK1 p-Y-SHC1 ADPRAF/MAP kinasecascadep-Y-SHC1 IL2RA SYK p-Y-JAK1 IL2RG JAK3 IL2RA PIK3CB IL2RB IL2RA PTPN6 p-Y364,Y418,Y536-IL2RB SHC1 p-Y699-STAT5B p-Y699-STAT5B IL2RA IL2RG JAK3 GRB2-1 SHC kinases in IL2signalingJAK3 IL2 IL2RA ATPJAK3 p-Y694-STAT5A IL2RA High affinity binding complex dimers of cytokine receptors using Bc, inactive JAK2, p(Y593,628)- Bc:p(427,349,350)-SHC1:GRB2:GAB2 p-Y364,Y418,Y536-IL2RB IL2RG PTPN6 p-Y-PTK2B JAK1 ATPPIK3R1 IL2RG p-Y694-STAT5A JAK3 p-Y-SHC1 High affinity binding complex dimers of cytokine receptors using Bc, inactive JAK2, p-(Y593,628)-Bc:p(427,349,350)-SHC1 IL2RA p-Y-JAK1 IL2 IL2RB GRB2-1 PIK3R2 PTK2B Interleukin receptorcomplexes withactivatedSHC1:SHIP:GRB2GAB2 ATPGRB2-1:SOS1IL2:IL2R trimerp-(Y338,392,510)betasubunit:p-JAK1:JAK3p-Y-JAK1 High affinity binding complex dimers of cytokine receptors using Bc, inactive JAK2, p(Y593,628)- Bc:p(427,349,350)-SHC1:GRB2:p(Y)-GAB2:p85-containing Class 1A PI3Ks IL2RG IL2RB p-Y-SHC1 IL2 Interleukin receptorcomplexes withactivated SHC1JAK3 INPPL1 Interleukin receptorcomplexes withactivatedShc:GRB2:p-GAB2PTK2BIL2:IL2Rtrimerp-(Y338,392,510)-beta subunit:p-JAK1:JAK3:SHCIL2RA PIK3CD JAK3 p-Y-SHC1 IL2RA p-Y-GAB2 JAK3 p-Y364,Y418,Y536-IL2RB IL2RG GRB2-1 Interleukin receptorcomplexes withactivatedSHC1:SHIP1p-Y-JAK1 IL2RG p-Y-JAK1 IL2 IL2RG INPP5D IL2RG IL2RG IL2 JAK3 GRB2-1 IL2:IL2Rtrimerp-(Y338,392,510)-beta subunit:p-JAK1:JAK3:p-SHCp85-containing Class1A PI3Ksp-STAT5JAK3 IL2:IL2Rtrimer:p-JAK1:JAK3GAB2 p-Y-GAB2 PIK3R1 IL2RA PIK3CB PIK3CA IL2RB:JAK1GRB2-1 p-Y364,Y418,Y536-IL2RB STAT5B PIK3CA IL2 JAK3 p-Y364,Y418,Y536-IL2RB IL2 p-Y-JAK1 IL2:IL2RASTAT5JAK3 p-Y-SYK GRB2-1HAVCR2p-Y364,Y418,Y536-IL2RB ADPp-Y-JAK1 PIK3R2 IL2RG IL2RB JAK3 IL2RA ADPIL2 IL2RG p-Y-JAK1 IL2 p-Y364,Y418,Y536-IL2RB JAK1 IL2RGJAK3 p-STAT5 dimerIL2 IL2RG IL2:IL2Rtrimer:JAK1:JAK3IL2p-Y364,Y418,Y536-IL2RB IL2RA IL2 p-Y-SHC1 JAK3 IL2RA IL2:IL2Rtrimer:p-JAK1:JAK3:p-SYKIL2RBp-Y694-STAT5A p-Y-SHC1 p-Y-SHC1 IL2RB IL2:IL2RA:IL2RB:JAK1SHIP1,2GRB2:GAB2IL2RA p-Y699-STAT5B p-Y-JAK1 IL2RA p-Y364,Y418,Y536-IL2RB IL2RG IL2RG p-Y-JAK1 LGALS9 JAK3 p-Y694-STAT5A IL2RA SHC1IL2RAJAK1 High affinity binding complex dimers of cytokine receptors using Bc, inactive JAK2, p-(Y593,628)-Bc:p(427,349,350)-SHC1 PIK3R3 STAT5B Interleukin receptorcompexes withactivatedShc:GRB2:GAB2ATPp-STAT5 dimerIL2 INPP5D p-Y699-STAT5B LGALS9p-Y-JAK1 JAK3:p-PYK2PIK3CD PIK3R3 IL2RG IL2RB Interleukin receptorcomplexes withactivatedSHC1:SHIP1,2p-Y364,Y418,Y536-IL2RB IL2 3, 5, 7, 15, 18...


Description

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a cytokine that is produced by T cells in response to antigen stimulation. Originally, IL-2 was discovered because of its potent growth factor activity on activated T cells in vitro and was therefore named 'T cell growth factor' (TCGF). However, the generation of IL-2- and IL-2 receptor-deficient mice revealed that IL-2 also plays a regulatory role in the immune system by suppressing autoimmune responses. Two main mechanisms have been identified that explain this suppressive function: (1) IL-2 sensitizes activated T cells for activation-induced cell death (AICD) and (2) IL-2 is critical for the survival and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which possess potent immunosuppressive properties.

IL-2 signaling occurs when IL-2 binds to the heterotrimeric high-affinity IL-2 receptor (IL-2R), which consists of alpha, beta and gamma chains. The IL-2R was identified in 1981 via radiolabeled ligand binding (Robb et al. 1981). The IL-2R alpha chain was identified in 1982 (Leonard et al.), the beta chain in 1986/7 (Sharon et al. 1986, Teshigawara et al. 1987) and the IL-2R gamma chain in 1992 (Takeshita et al.). The high affinity of IL-2 binding to the IL-2R is created by a very rapid association rate to the IL-2R alpha chain, combined with a much slower dissociation rate contributed by the combination of the IL-2R beta and gamma chains (Wang & Smith 1987). After antigen stimulation, T cells upregulate the high-affinity IL-2R alpha chain; IL-2R alpha captures IL-2 and this complex then associates with the constitutively expressed IL-2R beta and gamma chains. The IL-2R gamma chain is shared by several other members of the cytokine receptor superfamily including IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 and IL-21 receptors, and consequently is often referred to as the Common gamma chain (Gamma-c).

The tyrosine kinases Jak1 and Jak3, which are constitutively associated with IL-2R beta and Gamma-c respectively, are activated resulting in phosphorylation of three critical tyrosine residues in the IL-2R beta cytoplasmic tail. These phosphorylated residues enable recruitment of the adaptor molecule Shc, activating the MAPK and PI3K pathways, and the transcription factor STAT5. After phosphorylation, STAT5 forms dimers that translocate to the nucleus and initiate gene expression. While STAT5 activation is critical for IL-2 function in most cell types, the contribution of the PI3K/Akt pathway differs between distinct T cell subsets. In Tregs for example, PI3K/Akt is not involved in IL-2 signaling and this may explain some of the different functional outcomes of IL-2 signaling in Tregs vs. effector T cells.

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Bibliography

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History

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CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
115080view17:02, 25 January 2021ReactomeTeamReactome version 75
113522view12:00, 2 November 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 74
112721view16:12, 9 October 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 73
101637view11:50, 1 November 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 66
101173view21:37, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 65
100699view20:09, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 64
100249view16:54, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 63
99801view15:19, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62 (2nd attempt)
94491view08:55, 14 September 2017MkutmonReactome release 61
87864view12:07, 25 July 2016RyanmillerOntology Term : 'signaling pathway' added !
86385view09:16, 11 July 2016ReactomeTeamreactome version 56
83330view10:48, 18 November 2015ReactomeTeamVersion54
81481view13:01, 21 August 2015ReactomeTeamVersion53
76959view08:24, 17 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
76664view12:03, 16 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
75993view10:05, 11 June 2014ReactomeTeamRe-fixing comment source
75696view11:03, 10 June 2014ReactomeTeamReactome 48 Update
75052view13:56, 8 May 2014AnweshaFixing comment source for displaying WikiPathways description
74696view08:46, 30 April 2014ReactomeTeamNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

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NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
ADPMetaboliteCHEBI:16761 (ChEBI)
ATPMetaboliteCHEBI:15422 (ChEBI)
GAB2 ProteinQ9UQC2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GRB2-1 ProteinP62993-1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GRB2-1:SOS1ComplexR-HSA-109797 (Reactome)
GRB2-1ProteinP62993-1 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
GRB2:GAB2ComplexR-HSA-912522 (Reactome)
HAVCR2 ProteinQ8TDQ0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
HAVCR2:LGALS9ComplexR-HSA-5340393 (Reactome)
HAVCR2ProteinQ8TDQ0 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
High affinity binding complex dimers of cytokine receptors using Bc, inactive JAK2, p(Y593,628)- Bc:p(427,349,350)-SHC1:GRB2:GAB2 R-HSA-914052 (Reactome)
High affinity binding complex dimers of cytokine receptors using Bc, inactive JAK2, p(Y593,628)- Bc:p(427,349,350)-SHC1:GRB2:p(Y)-GAB2 R-HSA-926768 (Reactome)
High affinity binding complex dimers of cytokine receptors using Bc, inactive JAK2, p(Y593,628)- Bc:p(427,349,350)-SHC1:GRB2:p(Y)-GAB2:p85-containing Class 1A PI3Ks R-HSA-926776 (Reactome)
High affinity binding complex dimers of cytokine receptors using Bc, inactive JAK2, p-(Y593,628)-Bc:p(427,349,350)-SHC1 R-HSA-913439 (Reactome)
IL2 ProteinP60568 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IL2:IL2R

trimer p-(Y338,392,510) beta

subunit:p-JAK1:JAK3:STAT5		ComplexR-HSA-452107 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R

trimer

p-(Y338,392,510)-beta subunit:p-JAK1:JAK3:SHC		ComplexR-HSA-452095 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R

trimer

p-(Y338,392,510)-beta subunit:p-JAK1:JAK3:p-SHC		ComplexR-HSA-453099 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R

trimer p-(Y338,Y392, Y510) beta

subunit:p-JAK1:JAK3:p-STAT5		ComplexR-HSA-507943 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R trimer:JAK1:JAK3ComplexR-HSA-450080 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R trimer:p-JAK1:JAK3:SYKComplexR-HSA-508449 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R trimer:p-JAK1:JAK3:p-SYKComplexR-HSA-508438 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R trimer:p-JAK1:JAK3ComplexR-HSA-451920 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R trimer

p-(Y338,392,510) beta

subunit:p-JAK1:JAK3		ComplexR-HSA-452119 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2RA:IL2RB:JAK1ComplexR-HSA-450065 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2RAComplexR-HSA-538993 (Reactome)
IL2ProteinP60568 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IL2RA ProteinP01589 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IL2RAProteinP01589 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IL2RB ProteinP14784 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IL2RB:JAK1ComplexR-HSA-451905 (Reactome)
IL2RBProteinP14784 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IL2RG ProteinP31785 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IL2RG:JAK3ComplexR-HSA-451911 (Reactome)
IL2RGProteinP31785 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
INPP5D ProteinQ92835 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
INPPL1 ProteinO15357 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Interleukin

receptor complexes with activated

Shc:GRB2:p-GAB2:p85-containing Class 1 PI3Ks		ComplexR-HSA-912535 (Reactome)
Interleukin receptor

compexes with activated

Shc:GRB2:GAB2		ComplexR-HSA-912537 (Reactome)
Interleukin receptor

complexes with activated

SHC1:GRB2:SOS1		ComplexR-HSA-921157 (Reactome)
Interleukin receptor

complexes with activated

SHC1:SHIP1,2		ComplexR-HSA-913393 (Reactome)
Interleukin receptor

complexes with activated

SHC1:SHIP1		ComplexR-HSA-913378 (Reactome)
Interleukin receptor

complexes with activated

SHC1:SHIP:GRB2		ComplexR-HSA-913411 (Reactome)
Interleukin receptor

complexes with activated

Shc:GRB2:p-GAB2		ComplexR-HSA-912533 (Reactome)
Interleukin receptor

complexes with

activated SHC1		ComplexR-HSA-912534 (Reactome)
JAK1 ProteinP23458 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
JAK1ProteinP23458 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
JAK3 ProteinP52333 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
JAK3:PYK2ComplexR-HSA-508512 (Reactome)
JAK3:p-PYK2ComplexR-HSA-508510 (Reactome)
JAK3ProteinP52333 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LCK ProteinP06239 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LGALS9 ProteinO00182 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
LGALS9ProteinO00182 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PIK3CA ProteinP42336 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PIK3CB ProteinP42338 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PIK3CD ProteinO00329 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PIK3R1 ProteinP27986 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PIK3R2 ProteinO00459 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PIK3R3 ProteinQ92569 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTK2B ProteinQ14289 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTK2BProteinQ14289 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
PTPN6 ProteinP29350 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RAF/MAP kinase cascadePathwayR-HSA-5673001 (Reactome) The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway regulates processes such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, senescence and cell motility in response to growth factors, hormones and cytokines, among others. Binding of these stimuli to receptors in the plasma membrane promotes the GEF-mediated activation of RAS at the plasma membrane and initiates the three-tiered kinase cascade of the conventional MAPK cascades. GTP-bound RAS recruits RAF (the MAPK kinase kinase), and promotes its dimerization and activation (reviewed in Cseh et al, 2014; Roskoski, 2010; McKay and Morrison, 2007; Wellbrock et al, 2004). Activated RAF phosphorylates the MAPK kinase proteins MEK1 and MEK2 (also known as MAP2K1 and MAP2K2), which in turn phophorylate the proline-directed kinases ERK1 and 2 (also known as MAPK3 and MAPK1) (reviewed in Roskoski, 2012a, b; Kryiakis and Avruch, 2012). Activated ERK proteins may undergo dimerization and have identified targets in both the nucleus and the cytosol; consistent with this, a proportion of activated ERK protein relocalizes to the nucleus in response to stimuli (reviewed in Roskoski 2012b; Turjanski et al, 2007; Plotnikov et al, 2010; Cargnello et al, 2011). Although initially seen as a linear cascade originating at the plasma membrane and culminating in the nucleus, the RAS/RAF MAPK cascade is now also known to be activated from various intracellular location. Temporal and spatial specificity of the cascade is achieved in part through the interaction of pathway components with numerous scaffolding proteins (reviewed in McKay and Morrison, 2007; Brown and Sacks, 2009).
The importance of the RAS/RAF MAPK cascade is highlighted by the fact that components of this pathway are mutated with high frequency in a large number of human cancers. Activating mutations in RAS are found in approximately one third of human cancers, while ~8% of tumors express an activated form of BRAF (Roberts and Der, 2007; Davies et al, 2002; Cantwell-Dorris et al, 2011).
SHC kinases in IL2 signalingComplexR-HSA-453105 (Reactome)
SHC1 ProteinP29353 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SHC1ProteinP29353 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SHIP1,2ComplexR-HSA-913467 (Reactome)
SOS1 ProteinQ07889 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
STAT5A ProteinP42229 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
STAT5B ProteinP51692 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
STAT5ComplexR-HSA-452094 (Reactome)
SYK ProteinP43405 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SYKProteinP43405 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-STAT5 dimerComplexR-HSA-507919 (Reactome)
p-STAT5 dimerComplexR-HSA-508012 (Reactome)
p-STAT5ComplexR-HSA-507929 (Reactome)
p-Y-GAB2 ProteinQ9UQC2 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-Y-JAK1 ProteinP23458 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-Y-PTK2B ProteinQ14289 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-Y-SHC1 ProteinP29353 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-Y-SYK ProteinP43405 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-Y364,Y418,Y536-IL2RB ProteinP14784 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-Y694-STAT5A ProteinP42229 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p-Y699-STAT5B ProteinP51692 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
p85-containing Class 1A PI3KsComplexR-HSA-508248 (Reactome) This set represents Class 1A PI3Ks including all three genes that can give rise to the five isoforms of the regulatory subunit. Note that the p85 alpha form is almost always the form used experimentally (especially where p85-Abs are used) - the other forms are rarely shown experimentally. Also note it may not be the most relevant physiologically in some cell types (e.g. T cells).

Annotated Interactions

View all...
SourceTargetTypeDatabase referenceComment
ADPArrowR-HSA-451942 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-452097 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-452100 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-452122 (Reactome)
ADPArrowR-HSA-912527 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-451942 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-452097 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-452100 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-452122 (Reactome)
ATPR-HSA-912527 (Reactome)
GRB2-1:SOS1R-HSA-453111 (Reactome)
GRB2-1R-HSA-913424 (Reactome)
GRB2:GAB2R-HSA-453104 (Reactome)
HAVCR2:LGALS9ArrowR-HSA-5340385 (Reactome)
HAVCR2R-HSA-5340385 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R

trimer p-(Y338,392,510) beta

subunit:p-JAK1:JAK3:STAT5		ArrowR-HSA-452108 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R

trimer p-(Y338,392,510) beta

subunit:p-JAK1:JAK3:STAT5		R-HSA-452097 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R

trimer p-(Y338,392,510) beta

subunit:p-JAK1:JAK3:STAT5		mim-catalysisR-HSA-452097 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R

trimer

p-(Y338,392,510)-beta subunit:p-JAK1:JAK3:SHC		ArrowR-HSA-452091 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R

trimer

p-(Y338,392,510)-beta subunit:p-JAK1:JAK3:SHC		R-HSA-452100 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R

trimer

p-(Y338,392,510)-beta subunit:p-JAK1:JAK3:p-SHC		ArrowR-HSA-452100 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R

trimer p-(Y338,Y392, Y510) beta

subunit:p-JAK1:JAK3:p-STAT5		ArrowR-HSA-452097 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R

trimer p-(Y338,Y392, Y510) beta

subunit:p-JAK1:JAK3:p-STAT5		R-HSA-919404 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R trimer:JAK1:JAK3ArrowR-HSA-450063 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R trimer:JAK1:JAK3R-HSA-451942 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R trimer:JAK1:JAK3mim-catalysisR-HSA-451942 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R trimer:p-JAK1:JAK3:SYKArrowR-HSA-508292 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R trimer:p-JAK1:JAK3:SYKR-HSA-508282 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R trimer:p-JAK1:JAK3:SYKmim-catalysisR-HSA-508282 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R trimer:p-JAK1:JAK3:p-SYKArrowR-HSA-508282 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R trimer:p-JAK1:JAK3ArrowR-HSA-451942 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R trimer:p-JAK1:JAK3R-HSA-452122 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R trimer:p-JAK1:JAK3R-HSA-508292 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R trimer:p-JAK1:JAK3mim-catalysisR-HSA-452122 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R trimer

p-(Y338,392,510) beta

subunit:p-JAK1:JAK3		ArrowR-HSA-452122 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R trimer

p-(Y338,392,510) beta

subunit:p-JAK1:JAK3		ArrowR-HSA-919404 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R trimer

p-(Y338,392,510) beta

subunit:p-JAK1:JAK3		R-HSA-452091 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2R trimer

p-(Y338,392,510) beta

subunit:p-JAK1:JAK3		R-HSA-452108 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2RA:IL2RB:JAK1ArrowR-HSA-450027 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2RA:IL2RB:JAK1R-HSA-450063 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2RAArrowR-HSA-450054 (Reactome)
IL2:IL2RAR-HSA-450027 (Reactome)
IL2R-HSA-450054 (Reactome)
IL2RAR-HSA-450054 (Reactome)
IL2RB:JAK1ArrowR-HSA-451900 (Reactome)
IL2RB:JAK1R-HSA-450027 (Reactome)
IL2RBR-HSA-451900 (Reactome)
IL2RG:JAK3ArrowR-HSA-451895 (Reactome)
IL2RG:JAK3R-HSA-450063 (Reactome)
IL2RGR-HSA-451895 (Reactome)
Interleukin

receptor complexes with activated

Shc:GRB2:p-GAB2:p85-containing Class 1 PI3Ks		ArrowR-HSA-508247 (Reactome)
Interleukin receptor

compexes with activated

Shc:GRB2:GAB2		ArrowR-HSA-453104 (Reactome)
Interleukin receptor

compexes with activated

Shc:GRB2:GAB2		R-HSA-912527 (Reactome)
Interleukin receptor

complexes with activated

SHC1:GRB2:SOS1		ArrowR-HSA-453111 (Reactome)
Interleukin receptor

complexes with activated

SHC1:SHIP1,2		ArrowR-HSA-913374 (Reactome)
Interleukin receptor

complexes with activated

SHC1:SHIP1		R-HSA-913424 (Reactome)
Interleukin receptor

complexes with activated

SHC1:SHIP:GRB2		ArrowR-HSA-913424 (Reactome)
Interleukin receptor

complexes with activated

Shc:GRB2:p-GAB2		ArrowR-HSA-912527 (Reactome)
Interleukin receptor

complexes with activated

Shc:GRB2:p-GAB2		R-HSA-508247 (Reactome)
Interleukin receptor

complexes with

activated SHC1		R-HSA-453104 (Reactome)
Interleukin receptor

complexes with

activated SHC1		R-HSA-453111 (Reactome)
Interleukin receptor

complexes with

activated SHC1		R-HSA-913374 (Reactome)
JAK1R-HSA-451900 (Reactome)
JAK3:PYK2ArrowR-HSA-508513 (Reactome)
JAK3:PYK2R-HSA-508451 (Reactome)
JAK3:p-PYK2ArrowR-HSA-508451 (Reactome)
JAK3R-HSA-451895 (Reactome)
JAK3R-HSA-508513 (Reactome)
LGALS9R-HSA-5340385 (Reactome)
PTK2BR-HSA-508513 (Reactome)
R-HSA-450027 (Reactome) The crystal structure of the assembled IL2:IL2 receptor complex and experiments using isothermal titration calorimetry suggest that the complex of IL2 with IL2R alpha is likely to preferentially associate with IL2R bet (Rickert et al. 2004, Stauber et al. 2006). Binding of IL-2/IL-2R alpha to IL-2R beta significantly slows the dissociation of IL-2. However, the trimeric complex of IL-2:IL-2R alpha:IL-2R beta is incapable of signaling without participation of the gamma chain.
R-HSA-450054 (Reactome) The interleukin-2 receptor is a heterotrimer composed of interleukin-2 receptor alpha (IL2RA), beta (IL2RB) and gamma (IL2RG) subunits. Individually, IL2RA and IL2RB have low affinity for interleukin-2 (IL2); IL2RG has very low affinity. The IL2RA chain has a short cytoplasmic domain and consequently does not transmit an intracellular signal, but it binds IL-2 with high affinity and is required in vivo for detection of physiological IL-2 levels (Kd for IL-2RB/G = 10-9 M versus 10-11 M for IL-2RA/B/G, Takeshita et al. 1992). The crystal structure of the trimeric complex bound to IL2 suggests that the initiating event is the binding of IL2 to IL2R alpha (Wang et al. 2005). This captures IL2 at the cell surface and allows the recruitment of the beta and gamma subunits, which then participate in signal transduction. IL-2R alpha chains are expressed at much greater levels than the other receptor chains, usually 10-1000-fold higher compared with IL-2R beta or gamma (~1,000 sites/cell), which are usually expressed in equal numbers (Smith & Cantrell 1985). Recent single cell analysis methods have found that as the density of IL-2R alpha chains varies 1,000-fold from 100 to 100,000 sites/cell, the equilibrium dissociation constant of IL-2 binding varies to the same extent, from 100 pM to 100 fM, with the consequence that as the density of IL-2R alpha chains increases there is a marked improvement in IL-2 binding efficiency and thus signaling (Feinerman O et al. 2010). IL-2 binding to IL-2Ralpha is rapid on and rapid off.
R-HSA-450063 (Reactome) Recruitment of the IL-2R gamma chain forms a very stable quaternary complex, capable of signaling. The IL-2 gamma chain further retards IL-2 dissociation so that the rate of IL-2 dissociation from the complex is three times slower than the rate of internalization of the complex (t1/2 55= 45 min vs. 15 min). Therefore, the complex continues to signal as long as it remains on the cell surface.
R-HSA-451895 (Reactome) IL-2 receptor gamma chain (IL2RG) associates with Janus Kinase 3 (JAK3). The carboxyl terminal region of IL2RG has been shown to be important for this asociation (Miyazaki et al. 1994, Zhu et al. 1998).
R-HSA-451900 (Reactome) Janus Kinase 1 (JAK1) constitutively associates with IL-2R beta.
R-HSA-451942 (Reactome) Receptor activation involves JAK1 and JAK3 as T-cells from mice lacking either kinase are unable to respond to cytokines that utilize the Common gamma chain (Rodig et al. 1998, Park et al. 1995). Naturally occurring JAK3 mutations prevent binding to the IL-2 receptor, leading to severe immunodeficiency due to a lack of IL2R signaling (Macchi et al. 1995, Russell et al. 1995). Mechanistic models of receptor activation suggest that assembly of the quaternary receptor and the consequent proximity of JAK1 and JAK3, bound to the cytoplasmic domains of the beta and gamma chains, is the trigger for JAK activation (Ellery et al. 2000). JAK3 is thought to activate JAK1, as JAK3 does not require tyrosine phosphorylation to activate its kinase activity (Liu et al. 1997), and JAK3 has been demonstrated to phosphorylate JAK1 in response to IL-2 (Kawahara et al. 1995). JAK3 also becomes phosphorylated in response to IL-2 (Johnston et al. 1994), either by JAK1 trans-activation or by an indirect mechanism. The activated JAKs then phosphorylate critical tyrosine residues within IL2RB.
R-HSA-452091 (Reactome) Phosphorylation of IL2RB Y338 creates a binding site for the accessory protein SHC, which then becomes tyrosine phosphorylated and recruits the Grb2/Sos and Grb2:Gab2 complexes.
R-HSA-452097 (Reactome) STAT5 alpha and beta are recruited to the receptor complex and phosphorylated. JAK3 is believed to be responsible for the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5 in response to IL-2; it is not clear whether JAK1 is also involved (Lin & Leonard, 2000). Tyr-694 of STAT5a and Tyr-699 of STAT5b are required for IL-2 induced STAT5 activation (Lin et al. 1996). STAT5a and STAT5b are also known to be serine phosphorylated in lymphocytes activated by IL-2 but the funtion of this is unclear (Xue et al. 2002).
R-HSA-452100 (Reactome) Following IL2 stimulation of IL2R, Shc is known to be tyrosine phosphorylated (Zhu et al. 1994). The identity of the kinase is uncertain (Gesbert et al. 1998); JAK1 may be responsible but this has not been demonstrated, another candidate is Lck.

Following IL-3 treatment, Shc becomes tyrosyl phoshorylated at 3 sites, Y427 (Salcini et al. 1994), Y349 and Y350 (Gotoh et al. 1996). Y427 mediates the subsequent association with Grb2 (Salcini et al. 1994).

Numbering here refers to Uniprot P29353 where the p66 isoform has been selected as the canonical form. Literature references used here refer to the p52 isoform which lacks the first 110 residues, so Y427 is referred to as Y317 in Salcini et al. 1994, Y349 and Y350 as Y239 and Y240 in Gotoh et al. 1996.
R-HSA-452102 (Reactome) The STAT5a and STAT5b forms are encoded by 2 closely-related genes. They are thought to be present largely as monomers in unstimulated cells but rapidly form homo- and hetero-dimers upon stimulation (Cella et al. 1998). Tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT monomers allows dimers to form through reciprocal phosphotyrosine-SH2 interactions. The dimers translocate to the nucleus and bind to STAT-specific DNA-response elements of target genes to induce gene transcription (Baker et al.2007). STAT5a/b homo- and hetero-tetramers have also been shown to occur downstream of IL-2 and may have a distinct or expanded target repertoire from STAT5a/b dimers. Although STAT5a and STAT5b are highly homologous at the DNA and protein levels, each has unique functions, as demonstrated by studies comparing mice lacking one isoform or the other. However, it is also known that STAT5a and STAT5b share a number of functions and that the phenotype of mice lacking both STAT5a and STAT5b is more severe than those lacking either one individually, which suggest that there may be some redundancy or that they cooperate in order to achieve the full spectrum of STAT5-dependent activities (Moriggl et al. 1999, Teglund et al. 1998).
R-HSA-452108 (Reactome) Mutation analysis has shown that Y338, Y392 and Y510 are involved in IL-2-induced STAT protein binding. Phospho-tyrosines 338, 392 and 510 can each promote STAT5 activation (Gaffen et al. 1996), though Y510 appears to be the primary site for STAT5 binding (Gesbert et al. 1998). STAT3 may also be recruited to phospho-tyrosines on IL2RB and studies have shown defective IL-2 responses in STAT3-/- T cells, thereby supporting a functional role for STAT3 downstream of IL-2 signaling (Akaishi et al. 1998).
R-HSA-452122 (Reactome) Following stimulation by IL2, the IL2R beta chain become phosphorylated on multiple tyrosine residues. These phosphotyrosine residues recruit position-specific signaling or adaptor proteins, leading to the activation of downstream signaling pathways. Although multiple kinases are involved in the phosphorylation of IL-2R beta, JAK1-dependent phosphorylation of tyrosines 338, 392 and 510 is known to be involved in STAT protein binding (Gaffen et al. 1996). Phospho-tyrosine 338 has also been shown to participate in recruitment and subsequent phosphorylation of the adaptor Shc (Friedmann et al. 1996). N.B. Numbering in the literature is based on the mature peptide, with the 26 residue signal peptide removed. Positions given in this reaction refer to the canonical Uniprot sequence, e.g. 338 is equivalent to 364 of the canonical sequence P14784.
R-HSA-453104 (Reactome) Phosphorylated Shc recruits Grb2 and Gab2, probably by binding to Grb2 in the Grb2:Gab2 complex. Gab2 associates with Grb2, Shc, Shp2 and the p85 subunit of PI3K (Gu et al. 1998). The association of Grb2 with Gab2 has been suggested to be constitutive (Gu et al. 2000, Kong et al. 2003, Harkiolaki et al. 2009), so Gab2 may be recruited to Shc1 with Grb2. Alternatively, Gab2 has been suggested to associate constitutively with Shc (Kong et al 2003). In either case, the result is a complex of Shc:Grb2:Gab2. Gab2 binding to p85 (Gu et al. 1998) links Shc1 to PI3K activity and subsequent activation of kinases such as Akt (Gu et al. 2000).
R-HSA-453111 (Reactome) Shc is tyrosine phosphorylated by an unidentified kinase, creating a docking site for the SH2 domain of Grb2 (Zhu et al. 1994). Grb2 is an adaptor protein believed to be constitutively associated with the guanine nucleotide exchange protein Sos1 (often abbreviated to Sos). Recruitment of the Grb2:Sos1 complex leads to activation of the Ras pathway (Ravichandran & Burakoff 1994) and consequently activation of the MAPK pathway.
R-HSA-507937 (Reactome) STAT5A and STAT5B dimers bind to similar core gamma-interferon activated sequence (GAS) motifs (Soldaini et al., 2000). STAT5a/b also form homo- and hetero-tetramers with distinct or expanded DNA-binding properties. Genes that are regulated by STAT5 include IL2RA (John et al. 1996), TNFSF11 (RANKL), Connexin-26 (GJB2) and Cyclin D1 (Hennighausen & Robinson, 2005). A comprehensive listing of hepatic STAT5b regulated genes is available from microarray/STAT5b knockout mice (Clodfelter et al. 2006), and similarly for STAT5-dependent genes regulated by the GH receptor (Rowland et al. 2005, Barclay et al. 2011).
R-HSA-508247 (Reactome) Shc promotes Gab2 tyrosine phosphorylation via Grb2 (Gu et al. 2000). This promotes binding of Gab2 to p85alpha, a component of Class 1A PI3Ks (Gu et al. 1998). JAK1 may also be involved in PI3K recruitment (Migone et al. 1998). Binding of p85 activates PI3K kinase activity, with consequent effects on many processes including Akt activation. This is one of two mechanisms described for the recruitment of PI3K to the IL-3/IL-5/GM-CSF receptors, the other is mediated by Serine-585 phosphorylation of the common beta chain.
R-HSA-508282 (Reactome) Studies have shown that coexpression of Syk with catalytically active Jak1 results in Syk phosphorylation whereas coexpression of Syk with catalytically active Jak3 does not, suggesting that IL-2 driven phosphorylation of Syk is driven by Jak1 (Zhou et al. 2000).
R-HSA-508292 (Reactome) Syk binds to the serine-rich (aa 267 to 322) S region of IL2RB and becomes activated upon IL-2 stimulation (Minami et al. 1995).
Syk is shown here binding with the IL2:IL2RB trimer:p-JAK1:JAK3 complex but it may become associated at an earlier stage of receptor activation.
R-HSA-508451 (Reactome) The proline rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) is a nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase that is structurally related to FAK and thought to be important for leukocyte activation (Ostergaard & Lysechko, 2005). PYK2 tyrosine phosphorlation is known to occur downstream of IL-2 stimulation in human peripheral T lymphocytes. This phosphorylation can be prevented by blocking IL-2 mediated JAK activity. Although the function of Pyk2 within the IL-2 signaling pathways remains uncertain, a dominant negative mutant of Pyk2 inhibited IL-2-induced cell proliferation without affecting Stat5 activation which suggests that Pyk2 does indeed influence IL-2 driven immune cell responses.
R-HSA-508513 (Reactome) The proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) is a nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase that is structurally related to FAK and thought to be important for leukocyte activation (Ostergaard & Lysechko 2005).
Coimmunoprecipitation experiments have demonstrated a physical association of Jak3 and Pyk2. A dominant interfering mutant of Pyk2 inhibited IL-2-induced cell proliferation without affecting Stat5 activation. Collectively, these results suggest that Pyk2 is a component of the Jak-mediated IL-2 signaling pathway, but a role has not been firmly established.
R-HSA-5340385 (Reactome) T-helper (Th) cell-mediated immunity is required to eliminate pathogens effectively but unrestrained Th activity can contribute to tissue damage in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein (HAVCR2, TIM3) inhibits T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1)-mediated auto- and allo-immune responses and promotes immunological tolerance when it binds to its ligand, galectin-9 (LGALS9). The HAVCR2:LGALS9 complex achieves this inhibition by inducing apoptosis of Th1 cells. The human event is inferred from experimental data from mouse studies (Sanchez-Fueyo et al. 2003, Zhu et al. 2005).
R-HSA-912527 (Reactome) Binding of Gab2 to tyrosine phosphorylated Shc promotes the phosphorylation of Gab2 by an unknown kinase. Gab2 becomes tyrosine phosphorylated in response to IL-2 (Brockdorff et al. 2001) and IL-3 (Gu et al. 1998). Chimeric receptors were used to demonstrate that Shc is sufficient for Gab2 tyrosine phosphorylation. In response to IL-3, Grb2 was also required, reflecting that Gab2 is recruited to the activated cytokine receptor complex as a complex of Gab2:Grb2 (Gu et al. 2000).
R-HSA-913374 (Reactome) SHIP dephosphorylates PIP3 and may limit the magnitude or duration of signaling events that are dependent upon PIP3-mediated membrane recruitment of plextrin homology (PH) domain signalling proteins such as PI3K and Akt (Aman et al. 1998). The PTB domain of SHC1 binds to phosphorylated tyrosine residues on SHIP. Mutations that inactivate the PTB domain prevent this binding and substitution of F for Y917 and Y1020 on SHIP prevents creation of the phosphotyrosine motifs that are recognized by the SHC1 PTB domain, blocking the interaction (Lamkin et al. 1997). A functional SHIP SH2 domain is also reported as a requirement for association of SHIP with Shc (Liu et al. 1997). GRB2 stabilizes the SHC1/SHIP complex (Harmer & DeFranco 1999), presumably by simultaneously binding via its SH3 domains to SHIP and via its SH2 domain to phosphotyrosines on SHC1, forming a ternary complex of SHC1:GRB2:SHIP described as inducible by IL-3, IL-5 or GM-CSF by many authors (Jucker et al. 1997, Lafrancone et al. 1995, Odai et al. 1997). SHIP2 also associates with SHC1 but does not appear to require Grb2 for stability (Wisniewskiet al. 1999).
R-HSA-913424 (Reactome) Grb2 stabilizes the Shc/SHIP complex (Harmer & DeFranco 1999), presumably by simultaneously binding via its SH3 domains to SHIP and via its SH2 domain to phosphotyrosines on Shc. This forms a ternary complex of SHC1:GRB2:SHIP described as an outcome of IL-3, IL-5 or GM-CSF stimulation (Lafrancone et al. 1995, Odai et al. 1997). SHIP2 also associates with SHC1 but does not appear to require Grb2 for stability (Wisniewskiet al. 1999).
R-HSA-919404 (Reactome) Deletion mutants have demonstrated that STAT dimerization can occur independently of the binding of 2 STAT molecules by a dimeric receptor. Although this does not exclude the possibility that STATs may dimerize while still associated with the receptor complex, dimerization is believe to occur following the release of phosphorylated monomers (e.g. Turkson & Jove 2000).
SHC kinases in IL2 signalingmim-catalysisR-HSA-452100 (Reactome)
SHC1R-HSA-452091 (Reactome)
SHIP1,2R-HSA-913374 (Reactome)
STAT5R-HSA-452108 (Reactome)
SYKR-HSA-508292 (Reactome)
p-STAT5 dimerArrowR-HSA-452102 (Reactome)
p-STAT5 dimerArrowR-HSA-507937 (Reactome)
p-STAT5 dimerR-HSA-507937 (Reactome)
p-STAT5ArrowR-HSA-919404 (Reactome)
p-STAT5R-HSA-452102 (Reactome)
p85-containing Class 1A PI3KsR-HSA-508247 (Reactome)
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