Amino acid conjugation of benzoic acid (Sus scrofa)

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GLYATL1PhosphateAcetyl CoABenzoyl-CoABenzoic acid AMP esterBenzoic acidCoenzyme Ahippuric acidATPglycineGLYATAcyl-CoA synthetaseAMPPhosphateGLYATL2


Description

Despite being the first conjugation reaction demonstrated in humans, amino acid conjugation as a route of metabolism of xenobiotic carboxylic acids is not well characterised. This is principally due to the small number and limited structural diversity of xenobiotic substrates for amino acid conjugation. Unlike CYP and uridine 5′-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase, which are localised in the endoplasmic reticulum, the enzymes of amino acid conjugation reside in mitochondria. Unique among drug metabolism pathways, amino acid conjugation involves initial formation of a xenobiotic acyl-CoA thioester that is then conjugated principally with glycine in humans. Exogenously administered benzoic acid is metabolised to hippuric acid with a conjugation reaction in humans (as discovered in the first metabolism study in humans).

Comments

HomologyConvert 
This pathway was inferred from Homo sapiens pathway WP521(r32135) with a 50% conversion rate.

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Bibliography

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History

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CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
125586view19:25, 2 March 2023AlexanderPicoModified description
107035view13:48, 17 September 2019MaintBotHMDB identifier normalization
87018view14:46, 15 July 2016MkutmonOntology Term : 'amino acid metabolic pathway' added !
74523view21:43, 28 April 2014KhanspersModified title
68422view18:49, 5 July 2013MaintBotUpdated to 2013 gpml schema
58993view19:58, 21 February 2013MaintBotUpdated Ensembl and UniProt data source
41921view05:03, 2 March 2011MaintBotRemoved redundant pathway information and comments
37715view20:25, 28 June 2010MaintBotNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

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NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
AMPMetaboliteHMDB0000045 (HMDB)
ATPMetaboliteHMDB0000538 (HMDB)
Acetyl CoAMetabolite72-89-9 (CAS)
Acyl-CoA synthetaseGeneProduct
Benzoic acid AMP esterMetaboliteHMDB0001870 (HMDB)
Benzoic acidMetaboliteHMDB0001870 (HMDB)
Benzoyl-CoAMetaboliteHMDB0002252 (HMDB)
Coenzyme AMetaboliteHMDB0001423 (HMDB)
GLYATGeneProductENSSSCG00000013149 (Ensembl)
GLYATL1GeneProduct
GLYATL2GeneProductENSSSCG00000013148 (Ensembl)
PhosphateMetaboliteHMDB0001429 (HMDB)
glycineMetaboliteHMDB0000123 (HMDB)
hippuric acidMetaboliteHMDB0000714 (HMDB)

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions
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