Complement cascade (Homo sapiens)

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1-68, 14, 1518522-245, 191719281024, 2527131211, 14, 16, 1751119-21265585, 195cytosolComplement factor D precursorC7C5aC5b:C6 complexBacterial mannose-based carbohydrate surface patternAntigen: antibody: C1 (activated C1R) complexC4bMBL bound to mannose-based carbohydrates on bacterial surfacesCalciumC5 convertasesC5b:C6:C7 complexC4 activatorC5b:C6:C7:C8 complexComplement Factor BCell surface:C3b:Factor Bb:ProperdinC2aComplement factor 2Cell surface:C3bH2OC3(H2O):Factor BMBL-II:MASP-2 dimer:MASP-1 dimer complexC6Properdin oligomerC8Activated MBL bound to mannose-based carbohydrates on bacterial surfacesCell surface:C3b:Factor BbC3 convertasesC5b:C6:C7:C8: 12xC9 membrane attack complexC2bC3b:Factor Bb:C3b:Properdin complexC5b:C6:C7 complexCell membrane:C4b:C2aC4aC3(H2O):Factor BbCell surface:C3b:Factor B complexC3bC4b:C2a:C3bComplement Factor BaC5bAntigen: antibody: C1 (activated C1R and C1S) complexComplement factor 5C3(H2O)C9Cell membrane:C4bCell surfaceC3aAntigen: antibody: C1 complexComplement Factor 4Complement factor 3C-reactive protein pentamer:phosphocholine:C1Q8897


Description

The complement system is a biochemical cascade, so named because it 'complements' the ability of antibodies to clear pathogens. It is part of the innate immune system. Complement system proteins circulate in the blood as inactive precursors (pro-proteins). When triggered by the presence of microbes, complement proteases cleave complement proteins, initiating a cascade of further cleavages. The end-result of this activation is the activation of the membrane attack complex and cell lysis. The C3 and C5 components also lead to phagocytosis by leukocytes. There are three branches that lead to activation of the complement system: the classical complement pathway, the alternative complement pathway, and the mannose-binding lectin pathway. Complement proteins are always present in the blood and a small percentage spontaneously activates. Innapropriate activation lead to damage to host cells, so the activation process is tightly controlled by several regulatory mechanisms.

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Bibliography

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History

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CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
115062view17:00, 25 January 2021ReactomeTeamReactome version 75
113506view11:58, 2 November 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 74
112706view16:10, 9 October 2020ReactomeTeamReactome version 73
101621view11:49, 1 November 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 66
101157view21:35, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 65
100683view20:08, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 64
100233view16:53, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 63
99785view15:18, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62 (2nd attempt)
99338view12:47, 31 October 2018ReactomeTeamreactome version 62
93740view13:33, 16 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
93254view11:18, 9 August 2017ReactomeTeamreactome version 61
86332view09:15, 11 July 2016ReactomeTeamreactome version 56
83391view11:06, 18 November 2015ReactomeTeamVersion54
81582view13:07, 21 August 2015ReactomeTeamVersion53
77042view08:34, 17 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
76747view12:11, 16 July 2014ReactomeTeamFixed remaining interactions
76072view10:13, 11 June 2014ReactomeTeamRe-fixing comment source
75782view11:30, 10 June 2014ReactomeTeamReactome 48 Update
75419view10:07, 29 May 2014LifishModified description
75132view14:08, 8 May 2014AnweshaFixing comment source for displaying WikiPathways description
74779view08:52, 30 April 2014ReactomeTeamReactome46
44996view14:41, 6 October 2011MartijnVanIerselOntology Term : 'signaling pathway in the innate immune response' added !
42021view21:50, 4 March 2011MaintBotAutomatic update
39824view05:51, 21 January 2011MaintBotNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

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NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
Activated MBL bound

to mannose-based carbohydrates on bacterial surfaces

ComplexREACT_8515 (Reactome)
Antigen: antibody: C1

(activated C1R and C1S) complex

ComplexREACT_8066 (Reactome)
Antigen: antibody: C1

(activated C1R) complex

ComplexREACT_8973 (Reactome)
Antigen: antibody: C1

complex

ComplexREACT_8034 (Reactome)
Bacterial mannose-

based carbohydrate surface pattern

UnknownREACT_8923 (Reactome)
C-reactive protein

pentamer: phosphocholine:C1Q

ComplexREACT_25403 (Reactome)
C2a ProteinP06681 (UniProt)
C2b ProteinP06681 (UniProt)
C3

convertases

UnknownREACT_8751 (Reactome)
C3(H2O) ComplexREACT_8268 (Reactome)
C3(H2O):Factor B ComplexREACT_8649 (Reactome)
C3(H2O):Factor Bb ComplexREACT_8857 (Reactome)
C3a ProteinP01024 (UniProt)
C3b ComplexREACT_8621 (Reactome) Linked by disulphide bond between positions 559 and 816.
C3b:Factor Bb:C3b:

Properdin complex

ComplexREACT_8784 (Reactome)
C4 activator UnknownREACT_8154 (Reactome)
C4a ProteinREACT_25991 (Reactome)
C4b ComplexREACT_26471 (Reactome)
C4b:C2a:C3b ComplexREACT_8556 (Reactome)
C5 convertases UnknownREACT_8864 (Reactome)
C5a ProteinP01031 (UniProt)
C5b ComplexREACT_8814 (Reactome) Linked by disulphide bond between positions 559 and 816.
C5b:C6 complex ComplexREACT_8500 (Reactome)
C5b:C6:C7 complex ComplexREACT_8333 (Reactome)
C5b:C6:C7 complex ComplexREACT_8454 (Reactome)
C5b:C6:C7:C8

complex

ComplexREACT_8352 (Reactome)
C5b:C6:C7:C8:

12xC9 membrane attack complex

ComplexREACT_8325 (Reactome)
C6 ProteinP13671 (UniProt)
C7 ProteinP10643 (UniProt)
C8 ComplexREACT_8563 (Reactome)
C9 ProteinP02748 (UniProt)
Calcium Metabolite29108 (ChEBI)
Cell membrane:

C4b

ComplexREACT_25739 (Reactome)
Cell membrane:

C4b:C2a

ComplexREACT_8917 (Reactome)
Cell surface UnknownREACT_26575 (Reactome) This entity is intended to represent any molecule that might be at the outer cell surface of any cell, host or microbial.
Cell surface:

C3b

ComplexREACT_26114 (Reactome)
Cell surface:C3b:

Factor B complex

ComplexREACT_8205 (Reactome)
Cell surface:C3b:

Factor Bb

ComplexREACT_8668 (Reactome)
Cell surface:C3b:

Factor Bb:Properdin

ComplexREACT_8531 (Reactome)
Complement Factor

Ba

ProteinP00751 (UniProt)
Complement Factor 4 ComplexREACT_26761 (Reactome)
Complement Factor B ProteinP00751 (UniProt)
Complement factor

3

ComplexREACT_8213 (Reactome) Linked by disulphide bond between positions 559 and 816.
Complement factor 2 ProteinP06681 (UniProt)
Complement factor 5 ComplexREACT_8215 (Reactome)
Complement factor D

precursor

ProteinP00746 (UniProt)
H2O Metabolite15377 (ChEBI)
MBL bound to

mannose-based carbohydrates on bacterial surfaces

ComplexREACT_8711 (Reactome)
MBL-II:MASP-2 dimer:

MASP-1 dimer complex

ComplexREACT_8380 (Reactome)
Properdin

oligomer

UnknownREACT_8730 (Reactome)

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions

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