Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) (Homo sapiens)

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454CYP11A1CALM1CALM3CTSGCYP21A2Angiotensin II11-DeoxycorticosteroneITPR1CALML3CorticosteroneCholesterolSTARcalciumRENProgesteroneCMA118-hydroxycorticosteroneCALML6PregnenoloneCALML4AGTHSD3B2ACE InhibitorCAMK1DCALM2ACECYP11B2IP3ITPR2CALML5ATF6BITPR3PLCB2Angiotensin IGNAQHSD3B125AGTR24AGTR1Aldosterone6Molecular initiating eventsAGTR1 Inhibitor55CAMK1GCAMK4CAMK2ACAMK2BCAMK2DCAMK2GCAMK1ATF2ATF1CREB5CREB3L4CREB3L3CREB3L2CREB3L1CREB3CREB1ATF4


Description

The core of this pathway was elucidated over a century ago and involves the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I (Ang I) by renin, its subsequent conversion to angiotensin II (Ang II) by angiotensin converting enzyme. Ang II activates the angiotensin II receptor type 1 to induce aldosterone synthesis, increasing water and salt resorption and potassium excretion in the kidney and increasing blood pressure.

Source: PharmGKB (https://www.pharmgkb.org/pathway/PA2023)

Proteins on this pathway have targeted assays available via the CPTAC Assay Portal

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Quality Tags

Ontology Terms

 

Bibliography

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  1. McDowell SE, Coleman JJ, Ferner RE; ''Systematic review and meta-analysis of ethnic differences in risks of adverse reactions to drugs used in cardiovascular medicine.''; BMJ, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  2. Bassett MH, White PC, Rainey WE; ''The regulation of aldosterone synthase expression.''; Mol Cell Endocrinol, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  3. Athyros VG, Mikhailidis DP, Kakafika AI, Tziomalos K, Karagiannis A; ''Angiotensin II reactivation and aldosterone escape phenomena in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade: is oral renin inhibition the solution?''; Expert Opin Pharmacother, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  4. Williams GH; ''Aldosterone biosynthesis, regulation, andclassical mechanism of action.''; Heart Fail Rev, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  5. Weir MR; ''Effects of renin-angiotensin system inhibition on end-organ protection: can we do better?''; Clin Ther, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  6. Schwartz GL, Turner ST; ''Pharmacogenetics of antihypertensive drug responses.''; Am J Pharmacogenomics, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

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CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
127761view09:32, 3 December 2023EgonwChEBI id for Ca2+ instead of the "Ca" atom
120634view21:13, 21 December 2021EweitzStandardize node size where applicable
116623view11:08, 9 May 2021EweitzModified title
108364view19:52, 12 December 2019OzanozisikAGTR1 Inhibitor contained ACE Inhibitor information, deleted that.
108230view20:47, 29 November 2019EgonwReplaced a secondary ChEBI identifiers with a primary identifier.
108227view13:29, 29 November 2019OzanozisikModified description
108226view13:28, 29 November 2019Marvin M2Ontology Term : 'renin-angiotensin cascade pathway' added !
108225view13:28, 29 November 2019Marvin M2Ontology Term : 'aldosterone biosynthetic pathway' added !
108223view13:24, 29 November 2019OzanozisikNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

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NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
11-DeoxycorticosteroneMetaboliteCHEBI:16973 (ChEBI)
18-hydroxycorticosteroneMetaboliteCHEBI:16485 (ChEBI)
ACE InhibitorMetaboliteCHEBI:35457 (ChEBI)
ACEGeneProduct1636 (Entrez Gene)
AGTGeneProduct183 (Entrez Gene)
AGTR1 InhibitorMetaboliteCHEBI:35457 (ChEBI)
AGTR1GeneProduct185 (Entrez Gene)
AGTR2GeneProduct186 (Entrez Gene)
ATF1GeneProductATF1 (HGNC)
ATF2GeneProductATF2 (HGNC)
ATF4GeneProductATF4 (HGNC)
ATF6BGeneProductATF6B (HGNC)
AldosteroneMetaboliteHMDB0000037 (HMDB)
Angiotensin IMetabolite3081372 (PubChem-compound)
Angiotensin IIMetaboliteHMDB0001035 (HMDB)
CALM1GeneProductCALM1 (HGNC)
CALM2GeneProductCALM2 (HGNC)
CALM3GeneProductCALM3 (HGNC)
CALML3GeneProductCALML3 (HGNC)
CALML4GeneProductCALML4 (HGNC)
CALML5GeneProductCALML5 (HGNC)
CALML6GeneProductCALML6 (HGNC)
CAMK1GeneProductCAMK1 (HGNC)
CAMK1DGeneProductCAMK1D (HGNC)
CAMK1GGeneProductCAMK1G (HGNC)
CAMK2AGeneProductCAMK2A (HGNC)
CAMK2BGeneProductCAMK2B (HGNC)
CAMK2DGeneProductCAMK2D (HGNC)
CAMK2GGeneProductCAMK2G (HGNC)
CAMK4GeneProductCAMK4 (HGNC)
CMA1GeneProduct1215 (Entrez Gene)
CREB1GeneProductCREB1 (HGNC)
CREB3GeneProductCREB3 (HGNC)
CREB3L1GeneProductCREB3L1 (HGNC)
CREB3L2GeneProductCREB3L2 (HGNC)
CREB3L3GeneProductCREB3L3 (HGNC)
CREB3L4GeneProductCREB3L4 (HGNC)
CREB5GeneProductCREB5 (HGNC)
CTSGGeneProduct1511 (Entrez Gene)
CYP11A1GeneProductCYP11A1 (HGNC)
CYP11B2GeneProductCYP11B2 (HGNC)
CYP21A2GeneProductCYP21A2 (HGNC)
CholesterolMetaboliteCHEBI:16113 (ChEBI)
CorticosteroneMetaboliteCHEBI:16827 (ChEBI)
GNAQGeneProductGNAQ (HGNC)
HSD3B1GeneProductHSD3B1 (HGNC)
HSD3B2GeneProductHSD3B2 (HGNC)
IP3MetaboliteCHEBI:16595 (ChEBI)
ITPR1GeneProductITPR1 (HGNC)
ITPR2GeneProductITPR2 (HGNC)
ITPR3GeneProductITPR3 (HGNC)
PLCB2GeneProductPLCB2 (HGNC)
PregnenoloneMetaboliteCHEBI:16581 (ChEBI)
ProgesteroneMetaboliteCHEBI:45786 (ChEBI)
RENGeneProduct5972 (Entrez Gene)
STARProteinSTAR (HGNC)
calciumMetaboliteCHEBI:22984 (ChEBI)

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions

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