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ArcPathVisio Brace Ellipse EndoplasmicReticulum GolgiApparatus HexagonPathVisio MimDegradation Mitochondria Octagon PentagonPathVisio Rectangle RoundedRectangle SarcoplasmicReticulum TriangleEquilateralEast TrianglePathVisio none Cytochrome P450 Flavin monooxygenases Aldo-keto reductases Sulfotransferases Glucuronosyltransferases N-acetyltransferases Epoxide hydrolases Glutathione transferases Methyltransferases Nucleophiles Glutathione conjugation Sulfation Acetylation Glucuronidation Reduction Hydrolysis Oxidation Methylation Glutathione peroxidases Glutathione reductase Glutathione synthetase Amino acid conjugation Electrophiles Amino acid acyl transferases Xenobiotic substrate Substrate-Ac Substrate-Gl Substrate-SG Substrate-SO3H Aldo-keto reductase Sulfotransferase N-acetyltransferase Glucuronosyltransferase CYP450 Glutathione transferase Flavin monooxygenase Methyltransferase Substrate-CH3 Gsr Gss Substrate-Aa Amino acid acyltransferase Fmo1 Fmo2 Fmo3 Fmo4 Fmo5 Ugt1a1 Ugt1a2 Ugt1a5 Ugt1a3 Ugt1a6 UGT1A7 Ugt1a3 UGT1A9 UGT1A10 Ugt2a1 UGT2A2 Ugt2a3_predicted UGT2B4 UGT2B7 UGT2B11 UGT2B15 UGT2B17 UGT2B28 Substrate-OH Substrate-SH Substrate-NH2 Comt NP_001100289.1 Hnmt NP_001102492.1 Tpmt Cyp1a1 Cyp1a2 Cyp1b1 CYP2A6 CYP2C8 CYP2C9 CYP2C19 Cyp2e1 CYP3A4 CYP3A5 CYP2D6 Cyp11a1 CYP11B2 CYP2A13 NP_001101969.1 CYP11B1 CYP2C18 CYP2A7 Cyp2f2 CYP2J2 LOC687052 Cyp2u1 CYP2B6 Cyp2w1_predicted CYP3A7 CYP3A43 Cyp4b1 CYP4F2 Cyp4f18 CYP4F8 CYP4F11 CYP4F12 Cyp4f39_predicted CYP4V2 CYP4X1 CYP4Z1 NP_001102193.1 Cyp7a1 Cyp7b1 Cyp8b1 Cyp17a1 Cyp19a1 Cyp20a1 Cyp21a1 Cyp24a1 Cyp26a1 Cyp26b1 Cyp26c1_predicted Cyp27a1 CYP27B1 CYP27C1 NP_001100363.1 Cyp51 Ephx1 Ephx2 GPX1 GPX2 Gpx3 LOC690611 Gpx5 GSTA1 GSTM1 Gstt1 GSTA5 GSTA2 NP_001101195.1 GSTA3 GSTA4 Gstk1 Gstm3 Gstm5 MGC108896 GSTM5 Gsto1 Gsto2 Gstp2 Gstt2 Gstt2 GSTZ1 Mgst1 Mgst2 MGST3 NAT1 NAT2 NAT6 NP_001102065.1 NAT8 Nat9_predicted NP_001101226.1 Nat8l_predicted NP_001101988.1 NP_001102569.1 NP_001099351.1 NP_001101936.1 Sult1a1 Sult1a1 Sult1a1 Sult1a1 Sult1b1 SULT1C1 SULT1C2 Sult1c1 SULT1C4 Ste SULT2A1 ST2B1_RAT SULT4A1 Gm766 Chst1 Chst2_predicted Chst3 NP_001100897.1 NP_001100901.1 NP_001100901.1 Chst7 NP_001100974.1 Chst9 Chst10 CHSTB_RAT CHST12 RGD1562825_predicted Chst14 GAL3ST1 LOC685402 MGC105600 NP_001102534.1 Hs2st1 Hs3st1 Hs3st2 HS3ST3A1 HS3ST3B1 Hs3st4 NP_001099862.1 LOC681900 NP_001101680.1 LOC683774 HS6ST3 Ndst1 NP_001099210.1 Ndst3_predicted Ndst4_predicted Akr1a1 AKR1C1 AKR1C2 AKR1C3 AKR1C4 Akr7a2 Akr7a3 Akr1d1 AKR1B1 Kcnab1 AKR1B10 Kcnab2 Kcnab3 Substrate=O Substrate-O-R Baat Glyat GLYATL1 GLYATL2 Name: Metapathway biotransformation Last Modified: 2/20/2013 Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Description
Biotransformation is the chemical modification (or modifications) made by an organism on a chemical compound. If this modification ends in mineral compounds like CO2, NH4+, or H2O, the biotransformation is called mineralisation.
Biotransformation means chemical alteration of chemicals such as nutrients, amino acids, toxins, and drugs in the body. It is also needed to render non-polar compounds polar so that they are not reabsorbed in renal tubules and are excreted. Biotransformation of xenobiotics can dominate toxicokinetics and the metabolites may reach higher concentrations in organisms than their parent compounds.
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