ATM signaling pathway (Homo sapiens)

From WikiPathways

Jump to: navigation, search
Cell responsePPPPPPPPPIR radiationMDMX ubiquitination & degradationSTRUCTURAL CHANGE OF CHROMATINInactive dimerCell survivalMRN ComplexPCell survivalSynaptic vesicle transportChk228, 62, 71, 87, 122...CDC25ADNA repairCyclin B49, 113, 181, 183, 189GADD45A6, 37, 89, 155, 161...CREB1p2150TP735, 63, 105, 141, 192...31, 94, 100, 110, 148...NEMOCDC25C10, 457, 66, 90, 102, 166...SMC1A46ApoptosisAP3B29, 14, 82, 86, 138...ApoptosisG2/M transitionCDK115398, 135, 137, 154, 168...ATM65, 68, 84, 99, 156...H2AX69, 74, 123, 140, 151...RAD9A171, 176PIDDRAD5111, 34, 56, 73, 79...TLK135, 41, 44, 60, 119...CDC2133, 144, 188IKBA17, 40, 77, 88, 1878, 180RIP1CCNE185, 93, 120115, 116c-Abl52, 55, 150, 205Chk14, 36, 126, 136, 146...BRCA1SAPK (MAPK9)43, 101, 114, 118, 131...Cell death117, 15759, 64, 162FANCD23, 53, 61, 108, 139...SenescenceMDMX (MDM4)1, 19, 38, 80, 81, 107...20, 23, 54, 92, 96...S phase arrestTP53DNA repair26, 76, 125, 145MDM22, 91, 177, 179, 204...CDK232, 33, 77, 88, 121...MDC116, 132, 149, 152RAIDDNF kappa B pathway42, 47, 48, 58, 67...G2/M checkpoint arrest10, 15, 21, 170Caspase 230, 97, 129, 147, 162...S phaseprogressionG1/S checkpoint arrest ATF2DNA repair29, 51, 111BID24, 75, 103, 128, 165c-Jun72, 112TP53BP1S phase progression127ATM65, 68, 84, 99, 156...ATMATM65, 68, 84, 99, 156...65, 68, 84, 99, 156...Cell cycle checkpoint activationMRE1127, 109, 142, 185, 198NBS1RAD50DNA DAMAGE39, 83, 158, 199CDK2MDM232, 33, 77, 88, 121...2, 91, 177, 179, 204...Cell survivalRAD50MRE11NBS1PPPPPPPPPActivation pathInhibition pathTriggered damageRecombinationLegend


Description

Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a highly pleiotropic, autosomal recessive disease that leads to multisystem defects and has an intricate cellular phenotype, all linked to the functional inactivation of a single gene. Extensive research on the phenotype and the recent discovery and cloning of the responsible gene point to a defect as a central biochemical locus which links several signal transduction pathways that operate under stress as well as in normal physiological conditions.

Ataxia is the first symptom in all patients and is predominantly truncal, first manifested in swaying of the head and trunk on standing and even sitting. Truncal ataxia precedes appendicular cerebellar disease. In the first years of life, certain manifestations are present such as dysarthria, muscular hypotonia, the slow initiation and performance of all voluntary movements, characteristic hypotonic facies and postures, and drooling. Dyssynergia and intention tremor of the upper extremities become a major feature after the fifth year of life. The tendon reflexes are diminished or lost, but may be normal or even hyperactive in the early stages. All these observations show a clear ataxia of cerebellar type, initially of station and gait, and later of intention. Early observations of brains from patients with A-T showed neurodegenerative changes, particularly in the Purkinje and granular cells of the cerebellum. Neuronal degeneration is also present in the brainstem, and dentate and olivary nuclei atrophy. Neuronal loss occurs in the substantial nigra and oculomotor nuclei, dorsal root ganglia, and degenerative changes are evident in spinal motor neurons, and dorsal root and sympathetic motor neurons. Moreover, multiple abnormalities in Purkinje cell development have been observed in an Atm-deficient mouse model. Misplaced Purkinje cells have been observed in both the granular and molecular cell layers. In addition, Purkinje cell dendrites tend to grow laterally instead of extending towards the surface of the cerebellum.

ATM (for Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) has been located by restriction-fragment length polymorphism in the chromosome 11, location: 108,093,211-108,239,829. Interestingly, the site of ATM is the same or adjacent to the region occupied by CD3 (Antigen, Delta subunit), THY1 (T-Cell antigen), and NCAM (Cell Adhesion Molecule, Neural, 1) genes, all of which are members of the immunoglobulin-gene superfamily and consequently may be subject to the same defect that afflicts the T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin molecules in A-T. The ATM gene presents an open reading frame (ORF) of 9,165 kb cDNA and is constituted by 66 exons spread over 150 kb of genomic DNA which has a transcript of 12 kb. The ORF of this transcript predicts a 370-kDa protein composed of 3056 amino acids. Over 300 mutations have been found in A-T patients, distributed across the full length (150 kb of genomic DNA) of the ATM gene.

Sequence homology indicates that the atm gene product falls into a family of proteins that are related to the catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase). This family includes TEL1, MEC1, TOR1, and TOR2 of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, RAD3 of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and MEI-41 of Drosophila melanogaster. The mammalian family member most closely related to ATM is the ATR/FRP1 protein and, like its yeast homologs, it mediates cellular responses to unreplicated or damaged DNA. In humans the PI 3-kinase family includes the catalytic subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) and FRAP. These sequence homologies appear to reflect functional homology because many of the PI 3-kinase family members are involved in DNA repair, recombination and cell cycle control. Despite the resemblance to lipid kinases, members of this family, including ATM, possess a serine/threonine protein kinase activity, which is wortmannin sensitive.

ATM phosphoprotein is ubiquitously expressed and predominantly found in nuclei of proliferating cells, but subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence revealed that 10-20% of the protein is present in cytoplasmic vesicles, including peroxisomes and endosomes and a prominent cytoplasmic fraction in mouse oocytes. ATM is endosome-bound in mouse neurons, suggesting molecular sorting of the protein occurs in the cytoplasm. In Purkinje cells, distribution of ATM protein is primarily in cytoplasm, and this may be related to the differentiation state of the cells. ATM mRNA is present in all human and mouse tissues. In situ hybridization shows that ATM mRNA is expressed throughout the whole mouse embryo. Furthermore, ATM has been associated with beta-adaptin in lymphoblast vesicles indicating that it may play a role in intracellular vesicle and/or protein transport mechanisms. No obvious nuclear localization signals have been detected in ATM. Neither an ectopically expressed N-terminal fragment of the protein nor a C-terminal fragment is capable of entering the nucleus.

Try the New WikiPathways

View approved pathways at the new wikipathways.org.

Quality Tags

Ontology Terms

 

Bibliography

View all...
  1. Tanaka T; ''[Mechanisms of cellular senescence by tumor suppressor p53].''; Nihon Rinsho, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  2. Hu W, Feng Z, Levine AJ; ''The Regulation of Multiple p53 Stress Responses is Mediated through MDM2.''; Genes Cancer, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  3. Jacquemont C, Taniguchi T; ''The Fanconi anemia pathway and ubiquitin.''; BMC Biochem, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  4. Meuth M; ''Chk1 suppressed cell death.''; Cell Div, 2010 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  5. Fang L, Igarashi M, Leung J, Sugrue MM, Lee SW, Aaronson SA; ''p21Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1 induces permanent growth arrest with markers of replicative senescence in human tumor cells lacking functional p53.''; Oncogene, 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  6. Rosemary Siafakas A, Richardson DR; ''Growth arrest and DNA damage-45 alpha (GADD45alpha).''; Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  7. Karlsson-Rosenthal C, Millar JB; ''Cdc25: mechanisms of checkpoint inhibition and recovery.''; Trends Cell Biol, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  8. Cabannes E, Khan G, Aillet F, Jarrett RF, Hay RT; ''Mutations in the IkBa gene in Hodgkin's disease suggest a tumour suppressor role for IkappaBalpha.''; Oncogene, 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  9. Lee JM, Bernstein A; ''Apoptosis, cancer and the p53 tumour suppressor gene.''; Cancer Metastasis Rev, 1995 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  10. McCool KW, Miyamoto S; ''DNA damage-dependent NF-kB activation: NEMO turns nuclear signaling inside out.''; Immunol Rev, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  11. Janssens S, Tinel A, Lippens S, Tschopp J; ''PIDD mediates NF-kappaB activation in response to DNA damage.''; Cell, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  12. Iijima K, Ohara M, Seki R, Tauchi H; ''Dancing on damaged chromatin: functions of ATM and the RAD50/MRE11/NBS1 complex in cellular responses to DNA damage.''; J Radiat Res, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  13. Lavin MF; ''ATM and the Mre11 complex combine to recognize and signal DNA double-strand breaks.''; Oncogene, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  14. Oren M; ''Relationship of p53 to the control of apoptotic cell death.''; Semin Cancer Biol, 1994 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  15. Ghosh G, Wang VY, Huang DB, Fusco A; ''NF-kB regulation: lessons from structures.''; Immunol Rev, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  16. Pommier Y, Sordet O, Rao VA, Zhang H, Kohn KW; ''Targeting chk2 kinase: molecular interaction maps and therapeutic rationale.''; Curr Pharm Des, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  17. Draetta G; ''Cell cycle control in eukaryotes: molecular mechanisms of cdc2 activation.''; Trends Biochem Sci, 1990 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  18. Stracker TH, Petrini JH; ''The MRE11 complex: starting from the ends.''; Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  19. McCubrey J, Demidenko Z; ''Recent discoveries in the cycling, growing and aging of the p53 field.''; Aging (Albany NY), 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  20. Biderman L, Manley JL, Prives C; ''Mdm2 and MdmX as Regulators of Gene Expression.''; Genes Cancer, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  21. Gilmore TD, Wolenski FS; ''NF-kB: where did it come from and why?''; Immunol Rev, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  22. Costanzo V; ''Brca2, Rad51 and Mre11: performing balancing acts on replication forks.''; DNA Repair (Amst), 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  23. Lenos K, Jochemsen AG; ''Functions of MDMX in the modulation of the p53-response.''; J Biomed Biotechnol, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  24. Gerlitz G; ''HMGNs, DNA repair and cancer.''; Biochim Biophys Acta, 2010 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  25. Czornak K, Chughtai S, Chrzanowska KH; ''Mystery of DNA repair: the role of the MRN complex and ATM kinase in DNA damage repair.''; J Appl Genet, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  26. Muller PA, Vousden KH; ''p53 mutations in cancer.''; Nat Cell Biol, 2013 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  27. Finn K, Lowndes NF, Grenon M; ''Eukaryotic DNA damage checkpoint activation in response to double-strand breaks.''; Cell Mol Life Sci, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  28. Reinhardt HC, Yaffe MB; ''Kinases that control the cell cycle in response to DNA damage: Chk1, Chk2, and MK2.''; Curr Opin Cell Biol, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  29. Gozdecka M, Breitwieser W; ''The roles of ATF2 (activating transcription factor 2) in tumorigenesis.''; Biochem Soc Trans, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  30. Bouchier-Hayes L, Green DR; ''Caspase-2: the orphan caspase.''; Cell Death Differ, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  31. Stiewe T, Putzer BM; ''Role of p73 in malignancy: tumor suppressor or oncogene?''; Cell Death Differ, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  32. Hinchcliffe EH, Sluder G; ''Two for two: Cdk2 and its role in centrosome doubling.''; Oncogene, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  33. Tsai LH, Harlow E, Meyerson M; ''Isolation of the human cdk2 gene that encodes the cyclin A- and adenovirus E1A-associated p33 kinase.''; Nature, 1991 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  34. Bock FJ, Krumschnabel G, Manzl C, Peintner L, Tanzer MC, Hermann-Kleiter N, Baier G, Llacuna L, Yelamos J, Villunger A; ''Loss of PIDD limits NF-kB activation and cytokine production but not cell survival or transformation after DNA damage.''; Cell Death Differ, 2013 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  35. Henning W, Sturzbecher HW; ''Homologous recombination and cell cycle checkpoints: Rad51 in tumour progression and therapy resistance.''; Toxicology, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  36. Enders GH; ''Expanded roles for Chk1 in genome maintenance.''; J Biol Chem, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  37. Hollander MC, Fornace AJ Jr; ''Genomic instability, centrosome amplification, cell cycle checkpoints and Gadd45a.''; Oncogene, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  38. Sahin E, DePinho RA; ''Axis of ageing: telomeres, p53 and mitochondria.''; Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  39. Goodarzi AA, Jeggo PA; ''The repair and signaling responses to DNA double-strand breaks.''; Adv Genet, 2013 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  40. Yasuda H; ''[Regulation of cell cycle by cdc2 kinase in mammalian cells].''; Seikagaku, 1992 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  41. Kawabata M, Kawabata T, Nishibori M; ''Role of recA/RAD51 family proteins in mammals.''; Acta Med Okayama, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  42. Duan H, Dixit VM; ''RAIDD is a new 'death' adaptor molecule.''; Nature, 1997 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  43. Filippini1 SE, Vega A; ''Breast cancer genes: beyond BRCA1 and BRCA2.''; Front Biosci, 2013 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  44. Nagathihalli NS, Nagaraju G; ''RAD51 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.''; Biochim Biophys Acta, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  45. Miyamoto S; ''Nuclear initiated NF-kB signaling: NEMO and ATM take center stage.''; Cell Res, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  46. Ma Z, Lin M, Li K, Fu Y, Liu X, Yang D, Zhao Y, Zheng J, Sun B; ''Knocking down SMC1A inhibits growth and leads to G2/M arrest in human glioma cells.''; Int J Clin Exp Pathol, 2013 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  47. Wang Q, Maniati M, Jabado O, Pavlaki M, Troy CM, Greene LA, Stefanis L; ''RAIDD is required for apoptosis of PC12 cells and sympathetic neurons induced by trophic factor withdrawal.''; Cell Death Differ, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  48. Yang C, Hornicek FJ, Wood KB, Schwab JH, Mankin H, Duan Z; ''RAIDD expression is impaired in multidrug resistant osteosarcoma cell lines.''; Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  49. Ito M; ''Factors controlling cyclin B expression.''; Plant Mol Biol, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  50. Taylor AK, Klisak I, Mohandas T, Sparkes RS, Li C, Gaynor R, Lusis AJ; ''Assignment of the human gene for CREB1 to chromosome 2q32.3-q34.''; Genomics, 1990 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  51. Bhoumik A, Lopez-Bergami P, Ronai Z; ''ATF2 on the double - activating transcription factor and DNA damage response protein.''; Pigment Cell Res, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  52. Levav-Cohen Y, Goldberg Z, Zuckerman V, Grossman T, Haupt S, Haupt Y; ''C-Abl as a modulator of p53.''; Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  53. Papadopoulo D, Moustacchi E; ''[Fanconi anemia: genes and function(s) revisited].''; Med Sci (Paris), 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  54. Meulmeester E, Pereg Y, Shiloh Y, Jochemsen AG; ''ATM-mediated phosphorylations inhibit Mdmx/Mdm2 stabilization by HAUSP in favor of p53 activation.''; Cell Cycle, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  55. Shaul Y, Ben-Yehoyada M; ''Role of c-Abl in the DNA damage stress response.''; Cell Res, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  56. Wu D, Cui F, Jernigan R, Wu Z; ''PIDD: database for Protein Inter-atomic Distance Distributions.''; Nucleic Acids Res, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  57. Kuroda S, Urata Y, Fujiwara T; ''Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and the Mre11-Rad50-NBS1 complex: promising targets for radiosensitization.''; Acta Med Okayama, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  58. Jang TH, Park HH; ''Purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic studies of RAIDD Death-Domain (DD).''; Int J Mol Sci, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  59. Li H, Bergeron L, Cryns V, Pasternack MS, Zhu H, Shi L, Greenberg A, Yuan J; ''Activation of caspase-2 in apoptosis.''; J Biol Chem, 1997 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  60. Hasselbach L, Haase S, Fischer D, Kolberg HC, Sturzbecher HW; ''Characterisation of the promoter region of the human DNA-repair gene Rad51.''; Eur J Gynaecol Oncol, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  61. Pichierri P, Rosselli F; ''Fanconi anemia proteins and the s phase checkpoint.''; Cell Cycle, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  62. Chen Y, Poon RY; ''The multiple checkpoint functions of CHK1 and CHK2 in maintenance of genome stability.''; Front Biosci, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  63. Arthur LM, Heber-Katz E; ''The role of p21 in regulating mammalian regeneration.''; Stem Cell Res Ther, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  64. Guo Y, Srinivasula SM, Druilhe A, Fernandes-Alnemri T, Alnemri ES; ''Caspase-2 induces apoptosis by releasing proapoptotic proteins from mitochondria.''; J Biol Chem, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  65. Rotman G, Shiloh Y; ''ATM: from gene to function.''; Hum Mol Genet, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  66. Aressy B, Ducommun B; ''Cell cycle control by the CDC25 phosphatases.''; Anticancer Agents Med Chem, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  67. Berube C, Boucher LM, Ma W, Wakeham A, Salmena L, Hakem R, Yeh WC, Mak TW, Benchimol S; ''Apoptosis caused by p53-induced protein with death domain (PIDD) depends on the death adapter protein RAIDD.''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  68. Shiloh Y, Kastan MB; ''ATM: genome stability, neuronal development, and cancer cross paths.''; Adv Cancer Res, 2001 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  69. Yuan J, Adamski R, Chen J; ''Focus on histone variant H2AX: to be or not to be.''; FEBS Lett, 2010 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  70. Williams GJ, Lees-Miller SP, Tainer JA; ''Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 conformations and the control of sensing, signaling, and effector responses at DNA double-strand breaks.''; DNA Repair (Amst), 2010 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  71. Heideker J, Lis ET, Romesberg FE; ''Phosphatases, DNA damage checkpoints and checkpoint deactivation.''; Cell Cycle, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  72. Gross A; ''BID as a double agent in cell life and death.''; Cell Cycle, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  73. Ando K, Kernan JL, Liu PH, Sanda T, Logette E, Tschopp J, Look AT, Wang J, Bouchier-Hayes L, Sidi S; ''PIDD death-domain phosphorylation by ATM controls prodeath versus prosurvival PIDDosome signaling.''; Mol Cell, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  74. Srivastava N, Gochhait S, de Boer P, Bamezai RN; ''Role of H2AX in DNA damage response and human cancers.''; Mutat Res, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  75. Jeggo PA, Geuting V, Lobrich M; ''The role of homologous recombination in radiation-induced double-strand break repair.''; Radiother Oncol, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  76. Rufini A, Tucci P, Celardo I, Melino G; ''Senescence and aging: the critical roles of p53.''; Oncogene, 2013 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  77. Hinds PW; ''Cdk2 dethroned as master of S phase entry.''; Cancer Cell, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  78. Paull TT; ''Making the best of the loose ends: Mre11/Rad50 complexes and Sae2 promote DNA double-strand break resection.''; DNA Repair (Amst), 2010 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  79. Wu ZH, Mabb A, Miyamoto S; ''PIDD: a switch hitter.''; Cell, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  80. Qian Y, Chen X; ''Senescence regulation by the p53 protein family.''; Methods Mol Biol, 2013 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  81. Evan GI, d'Adda di Fagagna F; ''Cellular senescence: hot or what?''; Curr Opin Genet Dev, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  82. Hale AJ, Smith CA, Sutherland LC, Stoneman VE, Longthorne VL, Culhane AC, Williams GT; ''Apoptosis: molecular regulation of cell death.''; Eur J Biochem, 1996 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  83. Marinoglou K; ''The role of the DNA damage response kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated in neuroprotection.''; Yale J Biol Med, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  84. Savitsky K, Platzer M, Uziel T, Gilad S, Sartiel A, Rosenthal A, Elroy-Stein O, Shiloh Y, Rotman G; ''Ataxia-telangiectasia: structural diversity of untranslated sequences suggests complex post-transcriptional regulation of ATM gene expression.''; Nucleic Acids Res, 1997 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  85. Festjens N, Vanden Berghe T, Cornelis S, Vandenabeele P; ''RIP1, a kinase on the crossroads of a cell's decision to live or die.''; Cell Death Differ, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  86. Barnes DM, Camplejohn RS; ''P53, apoptosis, and breast cancer.''; J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia, 1996 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  87. Niida H, Nakanishi M; ''DNA damage checkpoints in mammals.''; Mutagenesis, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  88. Kaldis P, Aleem E; ''Cell cycle sibling rivalry: Cdc2 vs. Cdk2.''; Cell Cycle, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  89. Zhan Q; ''Gadd45a, a p53- and BRCA1-regulated stress protein, in cellular response to DNA damage.''; Mutat Res, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  90. Shen T, Huang S; ''The role of Cdc25A in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis.''; Anticancer Agents Med Chem, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  91. Manfredi JJ; ''The Mdm2-p53 relationship evolves: Mdm2 swings both ways as an oncogene and a tumor suppressor.''; Genes Dev, 2010 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  92. Shadfan M, Lopez-Pajares V, Yuan ZM; ''MDM2 and MDMX: Alone and together in regulation of p53.''; Transl Cancer Res, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  93. Vandenabeele P, Declercq W, Van Herreweghe F, Vanden Berghe T; ''The role of the kinases RIP1 and RIP3 in TNF-induced necrosis.''; Sci Signal, 2010 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  94. Blandino G, Dobbelstein M; ''p73 and p63: why do we still need them?''; Cell Cycle, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  95. McCoy F, Eckard L, Nutt LK; ''Janus-faced PIDD: a sensor for DNA damage-induced cell death or survival?''; Mol Cell, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  96. Pei D, Zhang Y, Zheng J; ''Regulation of p53: a collaboration between Mdm2 and Mdmx.''; Oncotarget, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  97. Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg H, Zhivotovsky B; ''The unpredictable caspase-2: what can it do?''; Trends Cell Biol, 2010 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  98. Wolf F, Sigl R, Geley S; '''... The end of the beginning': cdk1 thresholds and exit from mitosis.''; Cell Cycle, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  99. Rotman G, Shiloh Y; ''Ataxia-telangiectasia: is ATM a sensor of oxidative damage and stress?''; Bioessays, 1997 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  100. Stiewe T, Putzer BM; ''p73 in apoptosis.''; Apoptosis, 2001 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  101. Rosen EM; ''BRCA1 in the DNA damage response and at telomeres.''; Front Genet, 2013 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  102. Fernandez-Vidal A, Mazars A, Manenti S; ''CDC25A: a rebel within the CDC25 phosphatases family?''; Anticancer Agents Med Chem, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  103. Liu VF, Boubnov NV, Weaver DT; ''Cell cycle checkpoints and repair of ionizing radiation damage.''; Stem Cells, 1995 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  104. Wade M, Li YC, Wahl GM; ''MDM2, MDMX and p53 in oncogenesis and cancer therapy.''; Nat Rev Cancer, 2013 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  105. Barboule N, Lafon C, Chadebech P, Vidal S, Valette A; ''Involvement of p21 in the PKC-induced regulation of the G2/M cell cycle transition.''; FEBS Lett, 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  106. Lamarche BJ, Orazio NI, Weitzman MD; ''The MRN complex in double-strand break repair and telomere maintenance.''; FEBS Lett, 2010 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  107. Zhang XF, Tang WR, Luo Y; ''[Aging or tumor: the crosstalk between telomerase and p53].''; Yi Chuan, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  108. Soulier J; ''Fanconi anemia.''; Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  109. Smits VA, Warmerdam DO, Martin Y, Freire R; ''Mechanisms of ATR-mediated checkpoint signalling.''; Front Biosci, 2010 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  110. Maas AM, Bretz AC, Mack E, Stiewe T; ''Targeting p73 in cancer.''; Cancer Lett, 2013 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  111. Bhoumik A, Ronai Z; ''ATF2: a transcription factor that elicits oncogenic or tumor suppressor activities.''; Cell Cycle, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  112. Esposti MD; ''The roles of Bid.''; Apoptosis, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  113. Pines J; ''Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases: a biochemical view.''; Biochem J, 1995 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  114. Castro E, Eeles R; ''The role of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in prostate cancer.''; Asian J Androl, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  115. Moroy T, Geisen C; ''Cyclin E.''; Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  116. Sutherland RL, Musgrove EA; ''Cyclins and breast cancer.''; J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  117. Verheij M, Ruiter GA, Zerp SF, van Blitterswijk WJ, Fuks Z, Haimovitz-Friedman A, Bartelink H; ''The role of the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK/JNK) signaling pathway in radiation-induced apoptosis.''; Radiother Oncol, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  118. Oluwagbemiga LA, Oluwole A, Kayode AA; ''Seventeen years after BRCA1: what is the BRCA mutation status of the breast cancer patients in Africa? - a systematic review.''; Springerplus, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  119. Vispe S, Defais M; ''Mammalian Rad51 protein: a RecA homologue with pleiotropic functions.''; Biochimie, 1997 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  120. Zhang J, Zhang H, Li J, Rosenberg S, Zhang EC, Zhou X, Qin F, Farabaugh M; ''RIP1-mediated regulation of lymphocyte survival and death responses.''; Immunol Res, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  121. Yasuda H, Kamijo M, Ohba Y; ''[The characterization of human cdc2 kinase and CDK2].''; Yakugaku Zasshi, 1993 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  122. Perona R, Moncho-Amor V, Machado-Pinilla R, Belda-Iniesta C, Sanchez Perez I; ''Role of CHK2 in cancer development.''; Clin Transl Oncol, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  123. Tanaka T, Huang X, Halicka HD, Zhao H, Traganos F, Albino AP, Dai W, Darzynkiewicz Z; ''Cytometry of ATM activation and histone H2AX phosphorylation to estimate extent of DNA damage induced by exogenous agents.''; Cytometry A, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  124. Nevanlinna H, Bartek J; ''The CHEK2 gene and inherited breast cancer susceptibility.''; Oncogene, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  125. Mirzayans R, Andrais B, Scott A, Murray D; ''New insights into p53 signaling and cancer cell response to DNA damage: implications for cancer therapy.''; J Biomed Biotechnol, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  126. Merry C, Fu K, Wang J, Yeh IJ, Zhang Y; ''Targeting the checkpoint kinase Chk1 in cancer therapy.''; Cell Cycle, 2010 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  127. Zgheib O, Huyen Y, DiTullio RA Jr, Snyder A, Venere M, Stavridi ES, Halazonetis TD; ''ATM signaling and 53BP1.''; Radiother Oncol, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  128. Thompson LH; ''Recognition, signaling, and repair of DNA double-strand breaks produced by ionizing radiation in mammalian cells: the molecular choreography.''; Mutat Res, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  129. Troy CM, Shelanski ML; ''Caspase-2 redux.''; Cell Death Differ, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  130. Reinhardt HC, Schumacher B; ''The p53 network: cellular and systemic DNA damage responses in aging and cancer.''; Trends Genet, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  131. Zhang J; ''The role of BRCA1 in homologous recombination repair in response to replication stress: significance in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy.''; Cell Biosci, 2013 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  132. Jungmichel S, Stucki M; ''MDC1: The art of keeping things in focus.''; Chromosoma, 2010 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  133. Sunavala-Dossabhoy G, De Benedetti A; ''Tousled homolog, TLK1, binds and phosphorylates Rad9; TLK1 acts as a molecular chaperone in DNA repair.''; DNA Repair (Amst), 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  134. Williams RS, Williams JS, Tainer JA; ''Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 is a keystone complex connecting DNA repair machinery, double-strand break signaling, and the chromatin template.''; Biochem Cell Biol, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  135. Doree M, Hunt T; ''From Cdc2 to Cdk1: when did the cell cycle kinase join its cyclin partner?''; J Cell Sci, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  136. Tapia-Alveal C, Calonge TM, O'Connell MJ; ''Regulation of chk1.''; Cell Div, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  137. Salaun P, Rannou Y, Prigent C; ''Cdk1, Plks, Auroras, and Neks: the mitotic bodyguards.''; Adv Exp Med Biol, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  138. Gotz C, Montenarh M; ''p53: DNA damage, DNA repair, and apoptosis.''; Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol, 1996 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  139. Matsushita N, Kitao H, Ishiai M, Takata M; ''[Fanconi anemia and DNA-damage response network].''; Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  140. Dickey JS, Redon CE, Nakamura AJ, Baird BJ, Sedelnikova OA, Bonner WM; ''H2AX: functional roles and potential applications.''; Chromosoma, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  141. Tchou WW, Rom WN, Tchou-Wong KM; ''Novel form of p21(WAF1/CIP1/SDI1) protein in phorbol ester-induced G2/M arrest.''; J Biol Chem, 1996 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  142. Medema RH, Macurek L; ''Checkpoint control and cancer.''; Oncogene, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  143. Moldovan GL, D'Andrea AD; ''How the fanconi anemia pathway guards the genome.''; Annu Rev Genet, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  144. Groth A, Lukas J, Nigg EA, Sillje HH, Wernstedt C, Bartek J, Hansen K; ''Human Tousled like kinases are targeted by an ATM- and Chk1-dependent DNA damage checkpoint.''; EMBO J, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  145. Shahbazi J, Lock R, Liu T; ''Tumor Protein 53-Induced Nuclear Protein 1 Enhances p53 Function and Represses Tumorigenesis.''; Front Genet, 2013 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  146. Lam MH, Rosen JM; ''Chk1 versus Cdc25: chking one's levels of cellular proliferation.''; Cell Cycle, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  147. Zhivotovsky B, Orrenius S; ''Caspase-2 function in response to DNA damage.''; Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  148. Castellino RC, De Bortoli M, Lin LL, Skapura DG, Rajan JA, Adesina AM, Perlaky L, Irwin MS, Kim JY; ''Overexpressed TP73 induces apoptosis in medulloblastoma.''; BMC Cancer, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  149. Pinder JB, Attwood KM, Dellaire G; ''Reading, writing, and repair: the role of ubiquitin and the ubiquitin-like proteins in DNA damage signaling and repair.''; Front Genet, 2013 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  150. Shaul Y; ''c-Abl: activation and nuclear targets.''; Cell Death Differ, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  151. Firsanov DV, Solovjeva LV, Svetlova MP; ''H2AX phosphorylation at the sites of DNA double-strand breaks in cultivated mammalian cells and tissues.''; Clin Epigenetics, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  152. Coster G, Goldberg M; ''The cellular response to DNA damage: a focus on MDC1 and its interacting proteins.''; Nucleus, 2010 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  153. Francis D; ''The G2/M transition in eukaryotes.''; SEB Exp Biol Ser, 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  154. Enserink JM, Kolodner RD; ''An overview of Cdk1-controlled targets and processes.''; Cell Div, 2010 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  155. Hildesheim J, Fornace AJ Jr; ''Gadd45a: an elusive yet attractive candidate gene in pancreatic cancer.''; Clin Cancer Res, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  156. Bay JO, Uhrhammer N, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Hall J; ''[Role of the ATM gene in genetic predisposition to cancer].''; Bull Cancer, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  157. Nishina H, Wada T, Katada T; ''Physiological roles of SAPK/JNK signaling pathway.''; J Biochem, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  158. Nowsheen S, Yang ES; ''The intersection between DNA damage response and cell death pathways.''; Exp Oncol, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  159. Sedukhina A, Fukuda T, Ohta T; ''[BRCA1 and DNA damage response].''; Seikagaku, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  160. Marine JC, Dyer MA, Jochemsen AG; ''MDMX: from bench to bedside.''; J Cell Sci, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  161. Liebermann DA, Tront JS, Sha X, Mukherjee K, Mohamed-Hadley A, Hoffman B; ''Gadd45 stress sensors in malignancy and leukemia.''; Crit Rev Oncog, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  162. Bouchier-Hayes L; ''The role of caspase-2 in stress-induced apoptosis.''; J Cell Mol Med, 2010 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  163. Kastan MB, Canman CE, Leonard CJ; ''P53, cell cycle control and apoptosis: implications for cancer.''; Cancer Metastasis Rev, 1995 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  164. Leonard CJ, Canman CE, Kastan MB; ''The role of p53 in cell-cycle control and apoptosis: implications for cancer.''; Important Adv Oncol, 1995 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  165. Mladenov E, Iliakis G; ''Induction and repair of DNA double strand breaks: the increasing spectrum of non-homologous end joining pathways.''; Mutat Res, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  166. Lindqvist A, Rodriguez-Bravo V, Medema RH; ''The decision to enter mitosis: feedback and redundancy in the mitotic entry network.''; J Cell Biol, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  167. Chiarugi V, Magnelli L, Cinelli M, Basi G; ''Apoptosis and the cell cycle.''; Cell Mol Biol Res, 1994 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  168. Porter LA, Donoghue DJ; ''Cyclin B1 and CDK1: nuclear localization and upstream regulators.''; Prog Cell Cycle Res, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  169. Canman CE, Chen CY, Lee MH, Kastan MB; ''DNA damage responses: p53 induction, cell cycle perturbations, and apoptosis.''; Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, 1994 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  170. Chen W, Li Z, Bai L, Lin Y; ''NF-kappaB in lung cancer, a carcinogenesis mediator and a prevention and therapy target.''; Front Biosci, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  171. Greer Card DA, Sierant ML, Davey S; ''Rad9A is required for G2 decatenation checkpoint and to prevent endoreduplication in response to topoisomerase II inhibition.''; J Biol Chem, 2010 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  172. Neely KE, Piwnica-Worms H; ''Cdc25A regulation: to destroy or not to destroy--is that the only question?''; Cell Cycle, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  173. Kumar S; ''Caspase 2 in apoptosis, the DNA damage response and tumour suppression: enigma no more?''; Nat Rev Cancer, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  174. Shinohara A, Ogawa T; ''Rad51/RecA protein families and the associated proteins in eukaryotes.''; Mutat Res, 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  175. Johnson N, Cai D, Kennedy RD, Pathania S, Arora M, Li YC, D'Andrea AD, Parvin JD, Shapiro GI; ''Cdk1 participates in BRCA1-dependent S phase checkpoint control in response to DNA damage.''; Mol Cell, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  176. Vasileva A, Hopkins KM, Wang X, Weissbach MM, Friedman RA, Wolgemuth DJ, Lieberman HB; ''The DNA damage checkpoint protein RAD9A is essential for male meiosis in the mouse.''; J Cell Sci, 2013 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  177. Thomasova D, Mulay SR, Bruns H, Anders HJ; ''p53-independent roles of MDM2 in NF-kB signaling: implications for cancer therapy, wound healing, and autoimmune diseases.''; Neoplasia, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  178. Heintz N; ''Ataxia telangiectasia: cell signaling, cell death and the cell cycle.''; Curr Opin Neurol, 1996 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  179. Brooks CL, Gu W; ''Dynamics in the p53-Mdm2 ubiquitination pathway.''; Cell Cycle, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  180. Ito CY, Adey N, Bautch VL, Baldwin AS Jr; ''Structure and evolution of the human IKBA gene.''; Genomics, 1995 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  181. Egloff AM, Vella LA, Finn OJ; ''Cyclin B1 and other cyclins as tumor antigens in immunosurveillance and immunotherapy of cancer.''; Cancer Res, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  182. Smith J, Tho LM, Xu N, Gillespie DA; ''The ATM-Chk2 and ATR-Chk1 pathways in DNA damage signaling and cancer.''; Adv Cancer Res, 2010 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  183. Kronja I, Orr-Weaver TL; ''Translational regulation of the cell cycle: when, where, how and why?''; Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  184. Krumschnabel G, Manzl C, Villunger A; ''Caspase-2: killer, savior and safeguard--emerging versatile roles for an ill-defined caspase.''; Oncogene, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  185. Warmerdam DO, Kanaar R; ''Dealing with DNA damage: relationships between checkpoint and repair pathways.''; Mutat Res, 2010 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  186. Hydbring P, Larsson LG; ''Cdk2: a key regulator of the senescence control function of Myc.''; Aging (Albany NY), 2010 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  187. Hu X, Moscinski LC; ''Cdc2: a monopotent or pluripotent CDK?''; Cell Prolif, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  188. Shalom S, Don J; ''Tlk, a novel evolutionarily conserved murine serine threonine kinase, encodes multiple testis transcripts.''; Mol Reprod Dev, 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  189. Hershko A; ''Mechanisms and regulation of the degradation of cyclin B.''; Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  190. Enoch T, Norbury C; ''Cellular responses to DNA damage: cell-cycle checkpoints, apoptosis and the roles of p53 and ATM.''; Trends Biochem Sci, 1995 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  191. Richardson C; ''RAD51, genomic stability, and tumorigenesis.''; Cancer Lett, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  192. Niculescu AB 3rd, Chen X, Smeets M, Hengst L, Prives C, Reed SI; ''Effects of p21(Cip1/Waf1) at both the G1/S and the G2/M cell cycle transitions: pRb is a critical determinant in blocking DNA replication and in preventing endoreduplication.''; Mol Cell Biol, 1998 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  193. Caestecker KW, Van de Walle GR; ''The role of BRCA1 in DNA double-strand repair: past and present.''; Exp Cell Res, 2013 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  194. Cornils H, Kohler RS, Hergovich A, Hemmings BA; ''Downstream of human NDR kinases: impacting on c-myc and p21 protein stability to control cell cycle progression.''; Cell Cycle, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  195. Krumschnabel G, Sohm B, Bock F, Manzl C, Villunger A; ''The enigma of caspase-2: the laymen's view.''; Cell Death Differ, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  196. Thacker J; ''The RAD51 gene family, genetic instability and cancer.''; Cancer Lett, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  197. Klein HL; ''The consequences of Rad51 overexpression for normal and tumor cells.''; DNA Repair (Amst), 2008 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  198. Yang XH, Zou L; ''Checkpoint and coordinated cellular responses to DNA damage.''; Results Probl Cell Differ, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  199. Maugeri-Sacca  M, Bartucci M, De Maria R; ''DNA damage repair pathways in cancer stem cells.''; Mol Cancer Ther, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  200. Fernandez-Capetillo O, Celeste A, Nussenzweig A; ''Focusing on foci: H2AX and the recruitment of DNA-damage response factors.''; Cell Cycle, 2003 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  201. Marignol L, Coffey M, Hollywood D, Lawler M; ''Radiation to control transgene expression in tumors.''; Cancer Biol Ther, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  202. Ribe EM, Jean YY, Goldstein RL, Manzl C, Stefanis L, Villunger A, Troy CM; ''Neuronal caspase 2 activity and function requires RAIDD, but not PIDD.''; Biochem J, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  203. ''[Caspase-2: what do we know today?].''; Mol Biol (Mosk), 2013 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  204. Marine JC, Jochemsen AG; ''Mdmx and Mdm2: brothers in arms?''; Cell Cycle, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  205. Gonfloni S, Maiani E, Di Bartolomeo C, Diederich M, Cesareni G; ''Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and c-Abl Signaling: At the Crossroad in Neurodegenerative Diseases?''; Int J Cell Biol, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  206. Lehman JA, Mayo LD; ''Integration of DNA damage and repair with murine double-minute 2 (mdm2) in tumorigenesis.''; Int J Mol Sci, 2012 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  207. Bisso A, Collavin L, Del Sal G; ''p73 as a pharmaceutical target for cancer therapy.''; Curr Pharm Des, 2011 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

View all...
CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
128135view14:20, 27 January 2024EweitzUse standard order of graphics and labels in legend
128134view14:18, 27 January 2024EweitzUpgrade legend
128133view14:10, 27 January 2024EweitzStandardize case
116808view10:11, 14 May 2021EweitzModified title
115323view09:15, 13 February 2021EgonwMade several pathways clickable
102220view20:49, 11 December 2018Khanspersswitched multiple interactions to segmented
102213view00:14, 11 December 2018Khanspersconverted ineractions to graphical lines in legend
90247view21:13, 26 October 2016AmanzoModification of some titles
90241view17:50, 26 October 2016AmanzoModification on titles of some paths
90240view17:29, 26 October 2016AmanzoPeriodical save, work in progress
84490view23:16, 25 February 2016KhanspersQuick edit to datanode annotation or property
81224view23:13, 5 August 2015AlexanderPicoremoving final IE-incompatible character
81223view22:54, 5 August 2015AlexanderPicoremoving more IE-incompatible character
81218view19:15, 5 August 2015AlexanderPicoremoving IE-incompatible character
79964view14:04, 28 April 2015ZariChanged Id UniProt to Entrez gene for CDC2
78531view10:30, 7 January 2015MaintBotadded missing graphIds
76317view06:53, 2 July 2014MkutmonFixed datasource of S Phase Arrest pathway datanode
72241view18:46, 29 October 2013Khanspersadded one more WP node
72240view18:45, 29 October 2013Khansperschanged pathway node xrefs from GO to WP
71697view19:44, 17 October 2013MaintBotUpdated data sources
70531view16:44, 9 August 2013AmanzoWork in progress
70530view16:42, 9 August 2013AmanzoPeriodical save, work in progress
70529view16:11, 9 August 2013AmanzoPeriodical save, work in progress
70528view16:01, 9 August 2013AmanzoPeriodical save, work in progress
70527view15:50, 9 August 2013AmanzoPeriodical save, work in progress
70458view22:04, 3 August 2013AmanzoPeriodical save, work in progress
70457view21:54, 3 August 2013AmanzoPeriodical save, work in progress
70446view19:05, 1 August 2013AmanzoPeriodical save, work in progress
70445view18:55, 1 August 2013AmanzoPeriodical save, work in progress
70444view18:44, 1 August 2013AmanzoPeriodical save, work in progress
70085view15:44, 12 July 2013AmanzoModified description
70084view15:33, 12 July 2013Amanzowork in progress
70083view15:31, 12 July 2013AmanzoIR figure fixed
70082view15:27, 12 July 2013AmanzoPeriodical save, work in progress
70081view15:13, 12 July 2013AmanzoPeriodical save, work in progress
70072view09:01, 12 July 2013Mkutmonreplaced interaction lines in radiation figure with graphical lines
70004view23:12, 11 July 2013AmanzoModified description
70003view23:11, 11 July 2013AmanzoModified description
70002view23:08, 11 July 2013AmanzoWork in progress
70000view22:57, 11 July 2013AmanzoPeriodical save, work in progress
69999view22:47, 11 July 2013AmanzoPeriodical save, work in progress
69998view22:36, 11 July 2013AmanzoPeriodical save, work in progress
69706view22:54, 9 July 2013AmanzoReferences added
69705view22:49, 9 July 2013AmanzoPeriodical save, work in progress
69704view22:39, 9 July 2013AmanzoPeriodical save, work in progress
69703view22:35, 9 July 2013Amanzowork in progress
69702view22:10, 9 July 2013AmanzoPeriodical save, work in progress
69701view21:59, 9 July 2013AmanzoPeriodical save, work in progress
69698view19:10, 9 July 2013AmanzoPeriodical save, work in progress
69697view19:00, 9 July 2013AmanzoPeriodical save, work in progress

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
AP3B2ProteinQ13367 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
ATF2GeneProductENSG00000115966 (Ensembl)
ATMGeneProductENSG00000149311 (Ensembl)
ApoptosisPathwayWP254 (WikiPathways)
BIDProteinP55957 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
BRCA1ProteinP38398 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CCNE1GeneProductENSG00000105173 (Ensembl)
CDC25AGeneProductENSG00000164045 (Ensembl)
CDC25CGeneProductENSG00000158402 (Ensembl)
CDC2GeneProduct983 (Entrez Gene)
CDK1GeneProductENSG00000170312 (Ensembl)
CDK2ProteinP24941 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
CREB1GeneProduct1385 (Entrez Gene)
Caspase 2GeneProductP42575 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Cell cycle checkpoint activationPathwayWP1775 (WikiPathways)
Cell deathPathwayWP254 (WikiPathways)
Chk1ProteinO14757 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Chk2ProteinO96017 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
Cyclin BGeneProduct891 (Entrez Gene)
DNA DAMAGEPathwayWP707 (WikiPathways)
DNA repairPathwayWP707 (WikiPathways)
FANCD2ProteinQ9BXW9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
G1/S checkpoint arrest PathwayWP45 (WikiPathways)
G2/M checkpoint arrestPathwayWP1859 (WikiPathways)
G2/M transitionPathwayWP1859 (WikiPathways)
GADD45AGeneProduct1647 (Entrez Gene)
H2AXProteinP16104 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
IKBAProteinP25963 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MDC1ProteinQ14676 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MDM2ProteinQ00987 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MDMX (MDM4)GeneProductO15151 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
MRE11ProteinP49959 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NBS1ProteinO60934 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NEMOProteinQ9Y6K9 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
NF kappa B pathwayPathwayko04064 (KEGG Pathway)
PIDDGeneProductENSG00000177595 (Ensembl)
RAD50ProteinQ92878 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RAD51GeneProductENSG00000051180 (Ensembl)
RAD9AGeneProductENSG00000172613 (Ensembl)
RAIDDGeneProductP78560 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RIP1GeneProductQ13546 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
RecombinationPathwayWP438 (WikiPathways)
S phase progressionPathwayWP45 (WikiPathways)
S phase arrestPathwayWP45 (WikiPathways)
S phase progressionPathwayWP45 (WikiPathways)
SAPK (MAPK9)GeneProductENSG00000050748 (Ensembl)
SMC1AProteinQ14683 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
SenescencePathwayWP615 (WikiPathways)
TLK1ProteinQ9UKI8 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
TP53BP1GeneProductENSG00000067369 (Ensembl)
TP53GeneProductENSG00000141510 (Ensembl)
TP73GeneProductENSG00000078900 (Ensembl)
c-AblGeneProductENSG00000097007 (Ensembl)
c-JunGeneProductENSG00000177606 (Ensembl)
p21GeneProductENSG00000124762 (Ensembl)

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions

Retrieved from "https://classic.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP2516"
Personal tools