Multiple sclerosis mechanism and therapies (Homo sapiens)

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ArcPathVisio Brace Ellipse EndoplasmicReticulum GolgiApparatus HexagonPathVisio MimDegradation Mitochondria Octagon PentagonPathVisio Rectangle RoundedRectangle SarcoplasmicReticulum TriangleEquilateralEast TrianglePathVisio none PeripheryBlock egressfrom lymph nodeCladribineTeriflunomideInterferon-betaAlemtuzumabEvobrutinibTolebrutinibOfatumumabOcrelizumabRituximabTolebrutinibCladribineAlemtuzumabDimethylfumarateDiroximelfumarateFingolimodSiponimodOzanimodPonesimodGlatiramer acetateTolebrutinibNatalizumabInterferon-betaB cellT cellT cellAPCB cellAPCCD8+cellT cellMacrophageAPCTh17cellTh1cellMacrophageMacrophageT cellOligodendrocyteNeuronCirculationBlood-brain barrierCentral nervous systemB cellMacrophageB cellMS4A1SiponimodS1PR1S1PR5CD52ITGA4ITGB1B cellLymphocyteS1PR1S1PR3S1PR5S1PR4Lymph nodeBTKCD52ITGA4ITGB1Neo-folliclesBTKITGA4Name: Multiple sclerosis mechanism and therapiesOrganism: Homo sapiens


Description

This diagram shows the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and therapeutic targets. Available therapies for MS act through a range of mechanisms, including pleiotropic effects, immune cell depletion, inhibition of proliferation, and blockade of cell migration. These intervene at various stages of the inflammatory process.

Treatments exert their effects across the peripheral immune system, the blood–brain barrier, and within the central nervous system (CNS) itself.

Inspired by Figure 1 in [Bierhansl et al. (2022)](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9169033/).

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Quality Tags

Image:Curated.pngApproved version

Ontology Terms

Pathway Ontology : statin drug pathway
Cell Type : enterocyte hepatocyte
 

Bibliography

  1. Bierhansl L, Hartung HP, Aktas O, Ruck T, Roden M, Meuth SG; ''Thinking outside the box: non-canonical targets in multiple sclerosis.''; Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2022 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

View all...
CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
139164
Approved
view12:24, 24 May 2025EweitzTrigger SVG regeneration without redundant metadata
139067view07:05, 18 May 2025EgonwAdded a missing datasource
139009view21:04, 10 May 2025EweitzStraighten lines, for clarity
139004view20:05, 10 May 2025EweitzOntology Term : 'multiple sclerosis' added !
139003view20:04, 10 May 2025EweitzOntology Term : 'neuron' added !
139002view20:04, 10 May 2025EweitzOntology Term : 'oligodendrocyte' added !
139001view20:04, 10 May 2025EweitzOntology Term : 'macrophage' added !
139000view20:03, 10 May 2025EweitzOntology Term : 'lymphocyte' added !
138999view20:03, 10 May 2025EweitzOntology Term : 'T-helper 1 cell' added !
138998view20:03, 10 May 2025EweitzOntology Term : 'T-helper 17 cell' added !
138997view20:03, 10 May 2025EweitzOntology Term : 'CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell' added !
138996view20:02, 10 May 2025EweitzOntology Term : 'professional antigen presenting cell' added !
138995view20:01, 10 May 2025EweitzOntology Term : 'T cell' added !
138994view19:58, 10 May 2025EweitzOntology Term : 'B cell' added !
138993view19:54, 10 May 2025EweitzModified description
138992view19:49, 10 May 2025EweitzModified description
138991view19:45, 10 May 2025EweitzModified description
138990view19:43, 10 May 2025EweitzAdd identifiers for drugs
138989view19:05, 10 May 2025EweitzAdd identifiers to genes
138988view18:37, 10 May 2025EweitzRefine graphics
138987view18:35, 10 May 2025EweitzEconomize layout
138986view18:34, 10 May 2025EweitzAbut endothelial cells
138985view18:29, 10 May 2025EweitzAdd interactions for natalizumab
138984view18:12, 10 May 2025EweitzAlign dashes
138983view18:11, 10 May 2025EweitzAlign dashes
138982view18:02, 10 May 2025EweitzModified description
138981view17:59, 10 May 2025EweitzFix PathVisio / Kaavio graphical discrepancy
138980view17:57, 10 May 2025EweitzFix PathVisio / Kaavio graphical discrepancy
138979view17:56, 10 May 2025EweitzAdd literature reference
138978view17:54, 10 May 2025EweitzPolish graphics
138977view17:04, 10 May 2025EweitzAdd neo-follicles
138976view16:40, 10 May 2025EweitzRefine graphics
138975view16:36, 10 May 2025EweitzRefine graphics
138974view16:24, 10 May 2025EweitzEconomize layout
138973view16:10, 10 May 2025EweitzAdd interactions in BBB / CNS
138972view15:34, 10 May 2025EweitzAdd interferon-beta interaction, refine explainer text
138971view15:21, 10 May 2025EweitzAdd ingress; interaction for glatimer acetate
138970view15:04, 10 May 2025EweitzAdd interactions
138969view14:38, 10 May 2025EweitzAdd interactions, label lymph node
138968view13:31, 10 May 2025EweitzAdd lymphocyte, S1PR, related interactions
138967view11:32, 10 May 2025EweitzAdd lymph node fill color
138966view11:27, 10 May 2025EweitzAdd more lymph vessels
138965view11:19, 10 May 2025EweitzAdd lymph vessel to lymph node
138964view11:07, 10 May 2025EweitzAdd interaction, complex
138963view01:08, 10 May 2025EweitzAdd interactions, gene nodes
138955view11:47, 9 May 2025EweitzAdd interactions, gene
138954view11:14, 9 May 2025EweitzAdd blood-brain barrier graphics
138952view12:04, 8 May 2025EweitzRefine graphics in connection between myelin and oligodendrocyte
138951view11:59, 8 May 2025EweitzAdd tissue labels, enhance graphics
138950view11:43, 8 May 2025EweitzFix PathVisio / Kaavio graphical discrepancy

External references

DataNodes

View all...
Name  ↓Type  ↓Database reference  ↓Comment  ↓
AlemtuzumabMetaboliteDB00087 (DrugBank)
BTKGeneProductENSG00000010671 (Ensembl)
CD52GeneProductENSG00000169442 (Ensembl)
CladribineMetaboliteDB00242 (DrugBank)
Dimethyl fumarateMetaboliteDB08908 (DrugBank)
Diroximel fumarateMetaboliteDB14783 (DrugBank)
EvobrutinibMetaboliteDB15170 (DrugBank)
FingolimodMetaboliteDB08868 (DrugBank)
Glatiramer acetateMetaboliteDB05259 (DrugBank)
ITGA4GeneProductENSG00000115232 (Ensembl)
ITGB1GeneProductENSG00000150093 (Ensembl)
Interferon-betaMetaboliteDB14999 (DrugBank)
MS4A1GeneProductENSG00000156738 (Ensembl)
NatalizumabMetaboliteDB00108 (DrugBank)
OcrelizumabMetaboliteDB11988 (DrugBank)
OfatumumabMetaboliteDB06650 (DrugBank)
OzanimodMetaboliteDB12612 (DrugBank)
PonesimodMetaboliteDB12016 (DrugBank)
RituximabMetaboliteDB00073 (DrugBank)
S1PR1GeneProductENSG00000170989 (Ensembl)
S1PR3GeneProductENSG00000213694 (Ensembl)
S1PR4GeneProductENSG00000125910 (Ensembl)
S1PR5GeneProductENSG00000180739 (Ensembl)
SiponimodMetaboliteDB12371 (DrugBank)
TeriflunomideMetaboliteDB08880 (DrugBank)
TolebrutinibMetaboliteDB18715 (DrugBank)

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions

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