Citrus sinensis caffeine synthesis (Citrus sinensis)

Description

Citrus sinensis caffeine synthesis pathway.

[Convergent Biochemical Pathways for Xanthine Alkaloid Production in Plants Evolved from Ancestral Enzymes with Different Catalytic Properties](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8233510/)

[Convergent evolution of caffeine in plants by co-option of exapted ancestral enzymes](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5035902/)

View approved pathways at the new wikipathways.org.

O'Donnell AJ, Huang R, Barboline JJ, Barkman TJ; ''Convergent Biochemical Pathways for Xanthine Alkaloid Production in Plants Evolved from Ancestral Enzymes with Different Catalytic Properties.''; Mol Biol Evol, 2021 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
Huang R, O'Donnell AJ, Barboline JJ, Barkman TJ; ''Convergent evolution of caffeine in plants by co-option of exapted ancestral enzymes.''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2016 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
Wright GA, Baker DD, Palmer MJ, Stabler D, Mustard JA, Power EF, Borland AM, Stevenson PC; ''Caffeine in floral nectar enhances a pollinator's memory of reward.''; Science, 2013 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

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Revision	Action	Time	User	Comment
140749	view	06:45, 20 October 2025	Egonw	Added a 2013 reference with caffeine concentrations
140739	view	10:15, 18 October 2025	Egonw	Added metabolite IDs
140738	view	10:07, 18 October 2025	Egonw	Ontology Term : 'classic metabolic pathway' added !
140610	view	09:47, 17 September 2025	MaintBot	Species updated
140596	view	01:44, 17 September 2025	Hayashi	New pathway

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Name	Type	Database reference
1-methylxanthine	Metabolite	CHEBI:68443 (ChEBI)
3-methylxanthine	Metabolite	CHEBI:62208 (ChEBI)
CisXMT1	GeneProduct
CisXMT2	GeneProduct
Theophylline	Metabolite	CHEBI:28177 (ChEBI)
caffeine	Metabolite	CHEBI:27732 (ChEBI)
xanthine	Metabolite	CHEBI:15318 (ChEBI)

No annotated interactions