Triacylglycerol biosynthesis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
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Description
The traditional Kennedy pathway does not include the reaction (EC 2.3.1.158, phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase, PDAT) where phospholipid is utilized as the acyl donor in TAG formation. The role of the PDAT route in TAG biosynthesis was clearly shown in yeast[ Dahlqvist00 ]. PDAT activity in plants was demonstrated in a few oil seed plants including caster bean[ Dahlqvist00 ]. The caster bean seeds have a high content of ricinoleat in the seed oil. Ricinoleat and other unusual fatty acids are modified from acyl groups linked to phospholipids, and transferred to TAG afterwards. PDAT was proposed playing an important role in the last step. However, the contribution of PDAT to TAG biosynthesis in other plants is not clear. Overexpressing or knockout of the Arabidopsis PDAT had no effect on TAG biosynthesis[ Stahl04 , Mhaske05 ].
The constitution of different species of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids at the sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3 positions of the glycerol backbone varies among different plants, and is determined by substrate specificities of the three acyltransferases involved in this pathway. The composition of distinct fatty acids in TAG determines the quality and property of lipids of different plants, and also contributes to cold temperature sensitivity of different plants.
The pathway and description were copied from Gramene and AraCyc: http://pathway.gramene.org/ARA/NEW-IMAGE?object=TRIGLSYN-PWYQuality Tags
Ontology Terms
Bibliography
- Mhaske V, Beldjilali K, Ohlrogge J, Pollard M; ''Isolation and characterization of an Arabidopsis thaliana knockout line for phospholipid: diacylglycerol transacylase gene (At5g13640).''; Plant Physiol Biochem, 2005 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Dahlqvist A, Stahl U, Lenman M, Banas A, Lee M, Sandager L, Ronne H, Stymne S; ''Phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase: an enzyme that catalyzes the acyl-CoA-independent formation of triacylglycerol in yeast and plants.''; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2000 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- St��Ωhl U, Carlsson AS, Lenman M, Dahlqvist A, Huang B, Banas W, Banas A, Stymne S; ''Cloning and functional characterization of a phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase from Arabidopsis.''; Plant Physiol, 2004 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Zou J, Wei Y, Jako C, Kumar A, Selvaraj G, Taylor DC; ''The Arabidopsis thaliana TAG1 mutant has a mutation in a diacylglycerol acyltransferase gene.''; Plant J, 1999 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
History
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External references
DataNodes
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Name | Type | Database reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase | GeneProduct | AT3G11430 (TAIR) ![]() | |
Coenzyme A | Metabolite | 85-61-0 (CAS) ![]() | |
L-Phosphatidic acid | Metabolite | C00416 (KEGG Compound) ![]() | |
LPP1 | GeneProduct | AT2G01180 (TAIR) ![]() | |
LPP2 | GeneProduct | AT1G15080 (TAIR) ![]() | |
LPP3 | GeneProduct | AT3G02600 (TAIR) ![]() | |
PAP2 | GeneProduct | AT3G18220 (TAIR) ![]() | |
PDAT | GeneProduct | AT5G13640 (TAIR) ![]() | |
Phosphate | Metabolite | 14265-44-2 (CAS) ![]() | |
TAG1 | GeneProduct | AT2G19450 (TAIR) ![]() | |
Water | Metabolite | C00001 (KEGG Compound) ![]() | |
a 1,2-diacylglycerol | Metabolite | ||
a 2-lysophosphatidate | Metabolite | Synonyms: a 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate , an acyl-sn-glycerol-3P , an acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate , a 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3P | |
a fatty acyl CoA | Metabolite | CHEBI:37554 (ChEBI) ![]() | |
a phosphatidylcholine | Metabolite | C00157 (KEGG Compound) ![]() | |
a triacylglycerol | Metabolite | CHEBI:17855 (ChEBI) ![]() | |
acyltransferase | GeneProduct | AT4G00400 (TAIR) ![]() | |
diacylglycerol acyltransferase | GeneProduct | AT3G51520 (TAIR) ![]() | |
glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase | GeneProduct | AT1G32200 (TAIR) ![]() | |
sn-glyceryl-3-phosphate | Metabolite | C00093 (KEGG Compound) ![]() |
Annotated Interactions
No annotated interactions