Amino acid conjugation of benzoic acid (Homo sapiens)
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Description
Despite being the first conjugation reaction demonstrated in humans, amino acid conjugation as a route of metabolism of xenobiotic carboxylic acids is not well characterised. This is principally due to the small number and limited structural diversity of xenobiotic substrates for amino acid conjugation. Unlike CYP and uridine 5′-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase, which are localised in the endoplasmic reticulum, the enzymes of amino acid conjugation reside in mitochondria. Unique among drug metabolism pathways, amino acid conjugation involves initial formation of a xenobiotic acyl-CoA thioester that is then conjugated principally with glycine in humans.
Exogenously administered benzoic acid is metabolised to hippuric acid with a conjugation reaction in humans (as discovered in the first metabolism study in humans).
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Ontology Terms
Bibliography
- Knights KM, Sykes MJ, Miners JO; ''Amino acid conjugation: contribution to the metabolism and toxicity of xenobiotic carboxylic acids.''; Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol, 2007 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
History
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External references
DataNodes
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Name | Type | Database reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
AMP | Metabolite | HMDB0000045 (HMDB) | |
ATP | Metabolite | HMDB0000538 (HMDB) | |
Acetyl CoA | Metabolite | 72-89-9 (CAS) | |
Acyl-CoA synthetase | GeneProduct | 55902 (Entrez Gene) | |
Benzoic acid | Metabolite | 30746 (ChEBI) | |
Benzoyl-CoA | Metabolite | HMDB0002252 (HMDB) | |
Coenzyme A | Metabolite | HMDB0001423 (HMDB) | |
GLYAT | GeneProduct | ENSG00000149124 (Ensembl) | |
GLYATL1 | GeneProduct | ENSG00000166840 (Ensembl) | |
GLYATL2 | GeneProduct | ENSG00000156689 (Ensembl) | |
Phosphate | Metabolite | HMDB0001429 (HMDB) | |
benzoyl-AMP | Metabolite | 156046 (ChEBI) | Benzoic acid AMP ester |
glycine | Metabolite | HMDB0000123 (HMDB) | |
hippuric acid | Metabolite | HMDB0000714 (HMDB) |
Annotated Interactions
No annotated interactions