Allantoin degradation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

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The allantoin degradation pathway, which converts allantoin to ammonia and carbon dioxide, allows S. cerevisiae to use allantoin as a sole nitrogen source. Conversion of allantoin to ammonia is carried out by the DAL1, DAL2, and DAL3 gene products, which work sequentially to generate urea (CITS: [3915539]). Urea is then degraded to ammonia in a two-step process by the DUR1,2 protein, a multifunctional single enzyme originally thought to be encoded by two tightly-linked genes (hence the name DUR1,2; (CITS: [6105114]). The allantoin catabolic pathway genes are regulated by a general signal that responds to the availability of readily utilizable nitrogen sources, and also by pathway-specific induction by allantoin or the intermediate allophanate. These regulatory effects are mediated by cis-acting DNA elements and the trans-acting factors Gln3p, Gat1p, Dal80p, Dal81p, and Dal82p (CITS: [10488154])(CITS: [12062797])(CITS: [10702289])(CITS: [7899074]). SOURCE: SGD pathways, http://pathway.yeastgenome.org/server.html